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28 July 2010, Volume 31 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on strategic mutual-alternative behavior of multinational technology transference Peng Jisheng1 , Li Kun1,2, Wang Xiujiang1 2010, 31(4): 1-8 .  Abstract ( 1749 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 2269 )   Abstract: Although existing majority of researches about trans-national technology transference have emphasized on the characteristic of dynamic phases, the researches are lack of deep understanding towards phase choice mechanism of technology grantor and technology grantee, it is undoubtedly a bottleneck for research on trans-national technology transference. The technology transference from multinational corporate to host country enterprise can be viewed as the technological cooperation. To uphold respective benefit, however, two sides will apply the optimum strategy to acquire the object revenue. Based on this consideration, the mutual and alternate function of bilateral strategies are analyed and studied by using duplicated dynamic model on the basis of evolutional game theory. The research found that with rariance involving the cost for keeping technology under wraps, the loss of technological advantage, the technology study desire and ability of host country enterprises, the technology transfer degree of multinational corporation appears obvious strategic selectivity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the growth evaluation of growing high-tech enterprises ——An empirical analysis based on Ningbo Zhou Zhidan 2010, 31(4): 9-16 .  Abstract ( 1672 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 2118 )   Abstract: The growth of high-tech enterprises reflects their survival conditions in the growing cycle. It is of great advantage to locate various kinds of resources by evaluating the growth for the growing high-tech enterprises. Also it is beneficial to the financial institutions and investors as well for picking the investment targets. From the perspective of macro-management, it provides rationales for government to work out policies and regulations. On the basis of literature overview, those high-tech enterprises are defined and classified and an evaluation index system is put forward. The system has the characteristics of the developed areas and the highly export-oriented enterprises while attaching great importance to social benefit evuluation and the estimation of potential quality of the enterprises’ credit. Through a case study of growth evaluation of growing high-tech enterprises in Ningbo of Zhejiang province, an empirical analysis is conducted and a systematic model from the aspects of quantitative evaluation, qualitative evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation is constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Proprietary protocol as a new form of technical standards and its formation mechanism Zhang Mier, Feng Yongqin 2010, 31(4): 17-22 .  Abstract ( 1688 )   PDF (970KB) ( 2362 )   Abstract: In recent years, proprietary protocol has become an important form of standards in high-tech areas, such as the information and communication industry, which is profoundly changing the state of international standardization. With the case study of Cisco proprietary protocols, the formation mechanism of proprietary protocols is studied. The studies show that proprietary protocol resolves the contradictions between standard lagging and technology development. The leading enterprises establish installation bases by taking advantage of first-mover advantage. Then, due to the effect of path dependence and positive feedback, the proprietary protocol becomes the de facto standard by the interaction between proprietary protocol and leading enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics

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The moderation effect of environment dynamism on the relationship between R&D outsourcing intensity and firm performance Wu Bei1, Chen Jin2, Wu ZengYuan3 2010, 31(4): 23-30 .  Abstract ( 1770 )   PDF (1601KB) ( 2718 )   Abstract: With the development of market reform and global economic, the outsource environment dynamism has been increased. How to make an effective outsourcing strategy under the various environments is a key problem. The relationship between the innovative (routine) R&D outsourcing and firm performance is shed light on. The data shows that the environmental dynamism only moderates the relationship between innovative R&D outsourcing and firm performance. These results provide good suggestions for the R&D outsourcing strategy and decision in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The optimal patent breadth of IT industry based on the technological convergence Tao Changqi, Liao Lei 2010, 31(4): 31-38 .  Abstract ( 1744 )   PDF (927KB) ( 2425 )   Abstract： In the IT industry, due to the easy proliferation and strong penetrability of IT technology, the innovation will not only spread to other upstream firms which produce imitation products, but also spread to the downstream firms. It results in the technological convergence. Therefore, from the point view of maximizing the net revenue of the whole society, the optimal patent breadth in a two ring city model consisting of upstream innovation firms and downstream convergence firms is discussed. The fact that the social welfare of technical innovation not only contains the revenue brought by upstream firms’ innovative and imitation products, but also contains the welfare brought by technological convergence of downstream firms is considered. It is shows that optimal patent breadth decreases with innovation degree, technique absorptive capacity of firms , the diversity of consumers’ preferences, and the total length of the circular city raising, but increases with the number of downstream firms and the slope of demand curve raising. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the relationship between firm networks and SMEs growth Lu Yibo, Su Jingqin 2010, 31(4): 39-48 .  Abstract ( 1613 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 2224 )   Abstract: A firm network is the important organizational model for acquiring resource for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The impact of different firm networks on the SMEs’ growth, and the relationships between different firm networks are mainly discussed. First, a relationship analysis model of firm networks and SMEs growth are put forward based on the previous research. And then, through an empirical research on SMEs in northeast area of China, the relationship analysis model and the hypothesis are validated. The conclusion is that marketing networks and cooperative technology networks were the direct driving force for SMEs growth, and reputation networks had negative effect on SMEs growth, social networks and co-opetition networks did not show any effect on SMEs growth. Social networks and reputation networks were the basis of the whole firm networks for SMEs; they affected the developments of other kinds of firm networks. Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of cultural differences on knowledge transfers of American MNCs’ headquarters Xu Xiaojun 2010, 31(4): 49-58 .  Abstract ( 1776 )   PDF (1022KB) ( 2115 )   Abstract: There are many factors which will affect the effectiveness of knowledge transfer within MNCs. Taking the American MNCs as the research targets, the impact of headquarters’ knowledge transfer abilities, motives, richness of explicit and tacit knowledge transferring channels on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer are mainly analyzed. Hofstede’s national culture model is also borrowed to mainly analyze the moderating effects upon the knowledge transfer effectiveness caused by the cultural differences on the two dimensions of power distance, and masculinity vs. femininity, and then the measures improving the effectiveness of cross-cultural knowledge transfer within MNCs are put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influencing factors of control rights allocation in venture capital-backed firms based on the incomplete contract Wang Lei1,2, Dang Xinghua2, Wang Xiulai3 2010, 31(4): 59-66 .  Abstract ( 1690 )   PDF (1608KB) ( 2443 )   Abstract: By introducing the equity stage financing, benefits of control rights, monitor cost, risk aversion coefficient, and strategic objectives benefits of venture capitalist, based on extending the risk preferences of venture entrepreneur and venture capitalist, the corporation financing model of Tirole（2001） is expanded into a two-stage dynamic process from the perspective of incomplete contract. From building the model of control rights allocation in Venture Capital(VC)-backed new and high tech firms based on the progress of information finding in the stage financing, the factors, which are venture entrepreneur’s own fortune, non-monetary private benefits of running a firm, exclusion and specificity of human capital, and the investment specificity of VC, risk aversion coefficient and strategic benefits, impact on control rights allocation in first and second period of stage financing are analyzed, a series of the conclusions gained in here provide useful reference to VC-backed new and high tech firms governance. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of the bidirectional congruence between strategy and environment based on the focus level Liu Haichao 2010, 31(4): 67-72 .  Abstract ( 1490 )   PDF (894KB) ( 2176 )   Abstract: The hypotheses of active and passive congruence between strategy, demand, and supply based on the characteristic of focus level are put forward according to the basic congruence theory, which are validated based on the data from listed companies and applying the general and classified correlation analysis to. The conclusion is that there is a strong positive relationship between focus level of strategy and demand under the background of consumable industry and there is a weak negative relationship between focus level of strategy and supply in the condition of demand concentration, it demonstrates the form and conception difference between the two congruence relationships. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investment efficiency evaluation based on DEA model Wang Jianqiang, Yang Jianjun 2010, 31(4): 73-80 .  Abstract ( 2077 )   PDF (926KB) ( 2598 )   Abstract： Increasing of enterprise value fundamentally depends on the investment decision and investment efficiency. It is helpful for the managers to make a correct decision to carry on a comprehensive evaluation for the enterprise investment efficiency. An attempt is made at by using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) method to evaluate the efficiency of firm investment, and a modified DEA model based on TOPSIS method is set up by introducing two virtual DMUs. Then, an empirical research on Chinese listed real estate companies is conducted to illustrate the model. The results prove the feasibility and validity of C2R model and modified DEA model when evaluating enterprise investment efficiency and it is revealed that the behavior of inefficient investment in Chinese listed real estate companies is relatively serious and the development level various. Related Articles | Metrics

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Marketization process and R&D investment：Based on the property right characteristic Hao Ying, Liu Xing 2010, 31(4): 81-90 .  Abstract ( 1875 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 2231 )   Abstract: Based on the theory of R&D investment derived from the by marketization process in enterprises, how does the marketization process affect on the R&D investment of enterprises with different property right characteristics is empirically studied. The results show that: (1) on the whole, the marketization process is positively correlated to the enterprise’s R&D investment, but the combined function of marketization process and industry competition affects on the enterprise’s R&D investment significantly ; (2) R&D investment in private companies and central enterprises are more sensitive to the marketization degree, and these type of enterprises are 2.6 and 2.3 times as sensible as the companies controlled by the local government respectively, and are 2 and 1.8 times as sensible as the listed companies controlled by the local enterprise group respectively; (3) comparing with the companies which are directly controlled by the local government, the effect that the marketization process facilitates the R&D investment of enterprise group is more obvious; (4) only if the marketization process reaches certain degree, the value effect R&D investment could manifest because of the substantial improvement of the market environment; however, with a short-term goal, the intervene from the local government could probably impair the marginal contribution of marketization process to the enterprise’s R&D investment value. The conclusions provide the evidence for making further improvement market driving mechanism of R&D investment for the enterprises, and for improving property right constraint conditions of R&D investment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Has vertical specialization any technology spillovers on domestic-funded enterprises? Meng Qi 2010, 31(4): 91-97 .  Abstract ( 1684 )   PDF (921KB) ( 2696 )   Abstract: The relation between the vertical specialization and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the period of 2001-2008 is analyzed using the panel data of Chinese industrial sector. Firstly the DEA-SBM model is used to estimate TFP index, then the technology spillovers of vertical specialization on domestic-funded enterprises are empirically tested. The results showed that domestic-funded enterprises did not gain significant technology spillover effect from vertical specialization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the guidance of science fund system for the cooperation of basic research Wang Dongmei 2010, 31(4): 98-101 .  Abstract ( 1648 )   PDF (984KB) ( 2279 )   Abstract: A brief analysis on the importance of collaborative research in basic sciences is brought with, on the basis of it, the fact that the main obstacles to the cooperation in basic research is “market failure” on basic research field and “professional unity” on basic research team is analyzed; furthermore both outstanding effectiveness of science fund system on promoting basic scientific research co-operation and co-create a good environment and the promotion mechanism of science fund system for the co-operation of basic research are analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on cooperation effect among homogeneous auto parts suppliers embedded by the manufacturing service Long Yue1,2, Yi Shuping1 2010, 31(4): 102-110 .  Abstract ( 1766 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 2468 )   Abstract: In order to discuss the cost optimization of auto parts suppliers under diversified supply mode, a interest growth model is set up based on the Lotka-Volterra model to analyze the cooperation effect and Shapley value method is applied to analyze the interest distribution mode among multi-supplier and one manufacturing service firm. A new cooperation mode is put forward and an example is given for testifying. The results show that the value chain of multi-supplier can be optimized and the cost can be reduced if the suppliers outsource and manufacturing service firm finishes the specialized division. Each member’s benefit can be enhanced if the manufacturing service firm distributes the increased profit appropriately. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the approach to optimize the indicator system of science research evaluation:A case study of the scientific and technological innovation competitiveness evaluation of Chinese universities Ding Jingda, Qiu Junping 2010, 31(4): 111-118 .  Abstract ( 1936 )   PDF (982KB) ( 2463 )   Abstract: Taking the case of the indicator system for scientific and technological innovation competitiveness evaluation of Chinese universities that the research center for Chinese science evaluation of Wuhan University designed as an example, a kind of optimization idea and method for the indicator system, especially the weights are brought forward by using the indicator data in the last three years, and further tests indicate that it was scientific and reasonable. It is believed that this kind of optimization idea and method not only is adaptable to the field of science research evaluation, but also has a positive significance and reference value for the optimization of evaluating indicator system in other areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on the litigation involving financial business method patent Zhang Yurong1， Yuan Chunsheng2， Yu Xiang3 2010, 31(4): 119-126 .  Abstract ( 1672 )   PDF (1594KB) ( 2337 )   Abstract: The litigation strategy for financial business method patent is mainly studied from the perspective of patent value and disclosure. The value and disclosure of patent has a positive and significant effect on the probability of litigation. Furthermore, the disclosure of patent has a different effect on the probability of litigation with different patent value. When the patent value is relatively low, disclosure increasing will lead to increase the likelihood of litigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology development and technology competition of enterprises based on patent co-citation analysis: A study on industrial enterprises of Fortune 500 Wang Xianwen, Liu Zeyuan, Hou Haiyan 2010, 31(4): 127-138 .  Abstract ( 1804 )   PDF (3726KB) ( 2451 )   Abstract: According to the report of World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO), almost 90-95% of the world’s R&D outcomes are covered in patent publications. The industrial enterprises of Fortune 500 are selected as research objects, based on patent bibliometrics method, the patent co-citation strength matrix of enterprises are built using Jaccard coefficient. Combining with social network analysis, the patent co-citation network of leading enterprises is mapped in order to evaluate the enterprises’ technology level, to identify their core technical competitive power and the whole competitive situation of technology fields, and to analyze technology association among different fields. Related Articles | Metrics

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Maturity evaluation and improvement of scientific research project management Huang Xi Li Jianping 2010, 31(4): 139-145 .  Abstract ( 1897 )   PDF (1474KB) ( 2776 )   Abstract: Managing and controlling the progress of scientific research project are propitious to transform research quality of researcher into scientific achievements and the maturity assessment is the effective way to improve the efficiency or level of scientific management of scientific research project. The evaluation system of scientific research project management maturity proposed by authors previously is improred, and a method to improve the maturity continuously is provided based on the connection between maturity level and assessment result. The results of case study show that the method proposed in here can assess the management maturity of scientific research project and find the bottleneck factors effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the relationship among corporate entrepreneurship strategy, human resource structure, and human resource management strategy Qi Zhenjiang, Wang Zhongming 2010, 31(4): 146-155 .  Abstract ( 1848 )   PDF (935KB) ( 2772 )   Abstract: Based on the questionnaire survey of 228 employees from 76 private businesses and through structural equation modeling, the structural model of managerial value-oriented human resource management strategy and its relationship pattern with corporate entrepreneurship strategy and Human Resource Management Strategy (HRMS) are examined. The findings showed that HRMS had four dimensions: openness-cooperation, commitment-supportiveness, efficiency-goal, and stable-regulation. The differentiation strategy had a significantly positive effect on openness-cooperation and commitment support; cost leadership strategy had a significant effect on efficiency-goal and stable-regulation. Corporate entrepreneurship strategy and human resource structure had a significant interaction effect on HRMS . Then prospect theory was used to discuss the outcomes. The findings provided the foundations for further exploring HRMS theory and examining the fitness between HRMS and organization strategies, and enriching strategic human resource management theory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the operation model of eco-industrial clusters Wu Di, Wu Chunyou 2010, 31(4): 156-162 .  Abstract ( 1573 )   PDF (1825KB) ( 2178 )   Abstract: Following ecological principles with behavior norms of industry clusters, constructing ecological industry clusters is of great importance to the sustainable development of both economy and society. Therefore, the ecological industry clusters is focused and summarized as follows: there are three operation patterns according to the roles that the leading industries play in the ecological process. The operation characteristics, application conditions, strengths and weaknesses of those patterns are also discussed with a case study. Finally, the corresponding suggestions are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishing mechanism and operational pattern of cluster supply chain in eco-industrial parks Li Jizi1， Zuo Zhiping1， Sun Linfu2, Guo Jun1， Yuan Lin1 2010, 31(4): 163-172 .  Abstract ( 1738 )   PDF (1549KB) ( 2786 )   Abstract: With the rapid development of various types of industrial clusters in China, resources and environmental pressures are apparently increasing, how to effectively deal with the “industrial waste” and realize the sustainable development of the firms in a cluster is in an urgent need. According to the characteristics of eco-industrial parks and industrial clusters, the concept and content of cluster supply chain environment improvement are proposed. The mechanism of eco-industrial parks is analyzed and established from the perspective of cluster supply chain . Combining with the practice of eco-industrial park at home and abroad, three operational patterns are summed up, they are the dependence cycle pattern, co-existence cycle pattern, and artery -vein cycle pattern, each pattern’s features and risks are explored, and related policies and recommendations are provided for trallsforming China’s traditional industrial clusters to eco-industrial parks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Restudy on the relationship between industrial cluster and firm technical innovation from the perspective of core firms Xiang Houjun 2010, 31(4): 173-180 .  Abstract ( 1774 )   PDF (920KB) ( 2120 )   Abstract: Industrial cluster which is helpful to the cluster firm innovation has been an important competitive advantage theory reflected in the cluster literature. From the perspective of core firms, industrial cluster theory is re-studied here. It is found that the cluster factors still have a positive effect on the core firm innovation during the period of core firm, but its influence has relatively been weak, and its function mechanism has changed from the direct way to the indirect one, Therefore, the scale growth of the core firm essentially has a mediator effect on the core firm innovation. Actually it means, with the development of core firms, the division of labor and location of cluster firm have been clearer, so the mode of cluster innovation supported by the core firm has been changed correspondingly, the core firm has increasingly taken the innovation task as an engine, the innovation subject has also returned to the firm individual level from the whole cluster level, especially for the special core firm, that means it is very difficult for the cluster innovation theory emphasizing on the whole level to maintain its original meaning to a certain degree. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study on the balance score card of graduate education institutes Zhao Li1, Ye Zhonghua2 2010, 31(4): 181-187 .  Abstract ( 1842 )   PDF (2001KB) ( 2355 )   Abstract: The previous research on the balance score card theory applied to the graduate education institutes is first reviewed. Then the difference between balance score cards of enterprises and that of graduate education institutes is analyed. Based on the difference, the balance score card for graduate education institutes is built, and the four layers of the card based on which the strategy map is able to construct are studies. Finally, the strategic layer is decomposed and the general score cards for teams or individuals are bulit. The results make a contribution towards the implementation of the strategies of graduate education institutes, and are helpful to form or elevate their core competitions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Industry competition, capital structure, and product market competitiveness Chen Xiaohong, Wan Guangyu, Cao Yu 2010, 31(4): 188-196 .  Abstract ( 1726 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 2741 )   Abstract: Taking the data from China’s listed companies as research samples and using investment capacity and market share for describing product market competition of firms, how does capital structure impact on the product market competitiveness of firms is investigated from the perspective of industry competition differences. The result shows that capital structure has a significant different impact on the product market competitiveness with the different industry competition. The investment capacity will decrease with increasing capital structure, but this effect will decrease with decreasing intensity of industry competition. In general, the improvement of capital structure is conducive to increasing market share, and this positive effect will also decrease with decreasing intensity of industry competition. However, when the capital structure of firms is already at a high level, improving the capital structure of firms will easily make the market share fall, which maybe results in a financial crisis, especially when the firm is in a strong competition industry. The study not only enriches the literatures about the research on how does capital structure impact on the product market competition, but also provides some suggestions for business decision-makers in the formulation of target capital structure. Related Articles | Metrics