Focusing on the public emergency ability of extreme events, the paper proposes a public emergency ability evaluation approach. In the approach, based on the evaluation index system of public emergency ability, the weight-fuzzy multifactorial evaluation model is designed to analyze the public emergency ability by the evaluation matrix. The experiments show that the approach provides the scientific basis to improve the public emergency ability and the risk resistance comprehensive ability by the education and training enhancement on public emergency comprehensive quality.

It has been found that opportunity evaluation is a key factor in entrepreneurial cognitive theory.71 small business entrepreneurs and 82 corporate managers are investigated in terms of their evaluation to entrepreneurial opportunities.It is found that entrepreneurs' cognitive mechanism could be considered as a process.In the process,either entrepreneurs' cognitive biases directly or through their risk perception indirectly affected their opportunity evaluation.It is also found that entrepreneurs take more cognitive biases than corporate managers.

Using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), the synergetic impact of government-industry-university-research-user on the university knowledge innovation chain output and its efficiency is empirically examined. The results show that the central and local governments have different effects on the university knowledge innovation chain;The funds afforded by enterprises and institutions can not promote the increase of university paper output, however they have a significant positive effect on the number of patent applications in university; user needs have both positive effects on the efficiencies of patent licensing and technical transfer income of university. Finally, based on the results, the relevant policy implications and suggestions are given.

According to the popular behaviors of "over-debt" and "financial conservatism" in Chinese listed companies, the paper classifies the capital structure choice preference into radical capital structure and conservative capital structure. Based on the balanced panel data of yearly financial reports of listed companies in 1999~2003, the paper selects 623 samples, and takes total debt ratio as the proxy of capital structure, and takes size, liquidity of assets, grow opportunities, cash flows as the other variables. With respect to the two sub-samples in which the total debt ratio is more than or less than the mean of the whole sample, the paper builds two groups of multivariate linear regression models, and makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between the capital structure preference and business performance, then tests and analyzes the regression results.

Abstract： Based on a web-based survey of 286 questionnaires, the relationship of emotional intelligence, conflict management style and perceived cohesion is explored. The results of regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence was positively related to coordinating style, and negatively related to conceding style, which in turn lead to higher perceived cohesion. Especially, Regulation of Emotion (ROE) and Use of Emotion (UOE) were positively related to coordinating style; UOE and Other’s Emotion Appraisal (OEA) were negatively related to conceding style. The testing results of mediating effects showed that coordinating style fully mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived cohesion. The conclusion has the reference value to keep employees’ cooperation and maintain good employees’ relationship.

Abstract: The open innovation paradigm brought forward by Henry Chesbrough offers a new way of thinking and managing about innovation. Based on the survey data from 209 innovative firms in China, the mechanism of open innovation is verified by Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). The research manifests that enterprises acquire market-related resources and technology-related resources to complement the internal innovation resources and improve the efficiency of innovation through open to outside. The each innovation key element promoting the innovative performance under an open innovative system is disclosed. And it also gives a good directions for enterprises to increase indigenous innovation capabilities through utilizing external knowledge effectively according to their internal innovation resources.

The purpose of this research is to identify key factors that might influence Chinese B2C customers’ satisfaction and include those factors ignored by prior studies. Through non-probability sampling and convenience sampling, 1,001 valid samples are collected and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used to establish nine dimensions of online shopping experience. The results show that the transaction capability has the strongest influence on B2C customer satisfaction; delivery and payment, customer service have the second and third most significant impact on B2C customer satisfaction, respectively. Security/privacy, merchandise feature, information quality, and web site design are also strongly predictive factors of B2C customer satisfaction, while the effects of response of time and navigation on B2C customer satisfaction are statistically insignificant.

Abstract: How to measure the importance of nodes or find out the important nodes in the network has been a fundamental issue. However, since most of the existing centrality measures only takes one criterion into account, they couldn’t capture the specific differences among nodes. Hence, a new measure of node importance in complex networks with tunableparameters is proposed. The principle of this method lies in that the importance of network nodes is not only related to the degree of the nodes themselves, but also related to the degrees of their neighborhood nodes and node betweenness. The resultsbased on the sexy relation network of the AIDS show that proposed measure could better describe the differences among nodes andis more discriminative than degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality for the nodes of a network comparing with other several centrality measures.

The High Technology Industry Development Zones (HTIDZs) are an important part of national innovation system of China, and have made great contribution to the development and industrialization of high-technologies and the development of regional economy. The HTIDZs policies issued since 1988 are collected, and the evolution process of HTIDZs policies is examined from four aspects, including the setting-up context, the number distribution of relative policies, the departments involved in policy formulation, and policy instruments. The coordination status of HTIDZs policies is also investigated from five dimensions, including policy consistency, policy complementarity, policy overlapping, policy deficiency, and policy contradiction. The results indicate that both policy objectives and policy instruments of HTIDZs policies have undergone important changes; HTIDZs policies show the good consistency and complementarity, and they also show the phenomena of overlapping, deficiency, and contradiction of policy.

  Abstract: Innovation management has developed about 30 years in China and formed a unique study field taking root in management and economics. Through advanced approaches of map of scientific knowledge, the journal co-citation analysis and keywords co-occurrence analysis of 11,377 records reviewed from Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) Database are conducted by using 163 keywords provided by experts in order to reveal relative disciplines, research topics, and development trend of Chinese innovation management research.

At the first, the actual expenditure data of R&D activities in China and USA are compared. Then, the utility function theory has been used to explore how these two countries allocate the R&D funds for the scientific research (including basic and applied researches) and development. It is concluded that the serious shortage of investment in scientific research, meanwhile the investment in experimental development is relatively high in China. The situation is different in USA. In the R&D activities of federal employees, the investment in scientific research is relatively high, in the meantime the investment in the experimental development is relatively low compared with China. However, the expenditure structure in the overall scientific research and experimental development might be more reasonable for the R&D activities of whole researchers and engineers.

Reverse logistics has become a hot research field because of environment protection, legislation, and corporate operation. The new development in the research field of reverse logistics since 2001 is reviewed. The research field of reverse logistics includes the study on reverse network structure design,inventory control, reverse distribution, and production planning. Finally, the characteristic of the new development in the reverse logistics research from the same year is summed up and the future research direction of reverse logistics is provided.

Abstract: According to the activity of knowledge transfer within a technology alliance, the factors affecting knowledge transfer is in-depth analyzed, a conceptual model contained a number of factors is proposed and the relative testable hypothesis is developed. Based on field interviews and questionnaire survey, the structural equation methodology is used to analysis a sample of 251 corporations. The results show that the tacitness of knowledge, learning motivation of receiver, the knowledge difference, and relationship distance between alliance partner have a significant effect on the degree of knowledge transfer.Moreover, it is proved that the equity alliance is superior in knowledge transfer than contractual alliance.

Inter-organizational learning exerts an influence on the endogenous growth of cluster by affecting the stock of knowledge and the level of ability. By taking 128 enterprises in manufacturing cluster as samples, a model studying the internal mechanism that involves the effect of inter-organizational learning on the growth of cluster is constructed and the empirical test is conducted. The results show that the inter-organizational learning improves efficiency largely; however it does not enough to innovation effect. Inter-organization learning effect depends on not only gathering dynamic but also the negative moderating of discrete repulsion. Finally, the measures for strengthening the learning among enterprises in a cluster and limiting the scale of cluster are put forward, they have an important meaning for bring learning effect into play and promoting the upgrade of cluster. And the conclusions explain the phenomena that learning effect is either weakend or overrated and provide a powerfully theoretical basis.

The research performance of NIH intramural institutes is compared with that of Rockefeller University, which is also focused on the biomedical area. The comparison includes institution size, research funding, the number of papers published in Science/Nature/Cell, the number of Nobel Prize winners, and the number of members in National Academy of Sciences between two organizations. The analysis shows that the quantities of funding can not grantee the quality of scientific research. The scientific research system, not funding itself, decides the research performance. The combination of competing and non-competing funds and the high quality research team can bring up better performance. Also the competing projects under the peer review are more effective.

Abstract: Because of the duplicity of R&D, outside technological opportunity may be substituted for firm’s internal R&D, and it may also encourage firm to increase R&D investment so as to enhance absorptive capacity. This paper analyzes empirically the relationship of R&D between industries using the panel data collected from China’s 34 industries from year 1998 to 2006.The empirical results show that the relationship of R&D between industries is complementary as the whole. The further research indicates that the R&D among manufacturing industries has the relationship of substitution, while the R&D among manufacturing industries and non-manufacturing industries has the relationship of complementation

Abstract： Innovation is not only the source of an enterprise’s progress, but also the inexhaustible power of its prosperity. The indicators on the evaluation of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises’ technological innovation capabilities are advanced, and a model based on factor analysis method is established. The model is verified by an example of large and medium-sized industrial enterprise, it is shown how to make use of this model to objectively evaluate their technological innovation capabilities and employ quantity indicators to compare themselves with other enterprises. And the key factor that is the most related with the enterprises’ innovation is found out. The research provides more scientific technological innovation policies for enterprises promoting technological innovation capabilities and is in response to the call on building an innovation-oriented country.

Technology opportunity is an important factor in the process of innovation decision-making. A strong capability in technology opportunity identification could improve firms' innovation capability and competitiveness. Through a literature review, a visualized analysis framework of technology opportunities identification is construced in a view of technical and operational fields. And then, through an empirical study in highway engineer field, how to discover potential technology opportunities is demonstrated, the necessary information support is provided to the innovative technology management.

Open innovation is a paradigm shifted from traditional innovation which is facing cramped situations. Based on a research method involving both the explanatory data of the total amount changes and the content analysis, a conclusion is drawn, open innovation is more suitable to today's globalization trends. The research on open innovation concerns with multi-angles, such as origins of concept, organization forms, property rights, innovation risks, performance, and the quantum of the research has steadily increased since 2003. It has great significance of policy-making upon science, technology, and innovation. In the future research of this area, it should be focused on human resources issues, organization and management costs, external environment and policy, balance local innovation against global integration, etc.

Based on the survey data from 522 Chinese Enterprises, the influence of different strategic orientations on new product innovation performance in different technology intensive industries is explored. The main findings include (1)both customer orientation and technology orientation have a significant effect on the firms' new product performance; (2)in high-tech industries, while firms are more customer-orientated than technology-orientated, the effect of customer orientation and technology orientation on firms' new product shows no significant difference; (3)in low-tech industries, firms are also more customer-orientated than technology-orientated, however, technology orientation has the stronger effect on new product innovation performance than that for customer orientation. The limitation and managerial implementation of current research are also discussed.

This paper focuses on the problem how to keep away from the dilemma through effective innovation management and good collocation of innovation resources. This paper considers that open innovation can reduce the uncertainty of technology and market. In the open innovation paradigm technology innovations are based on multi-beneficiaries. It will be more reasonable that we substitute total innovation investments for R&D investments to measure the level of technology innovation.

From three perspectives of organization structure, corporate culture, and core competitiveness, the mechanism that path dependence affected absorptive capacity was revealed in different corporate lifecycle phases. Then that there was a quadratic non-linear relationship between path dependence and absorptive capacity is assumed. Meanwhile, the structural equation model was established, and then 248 valid samples were analyzed by using SPSS and LISREL software. The empirical results show strong evidence for a quadratic non-linear relationship between the two variables, and threshold effect is also existed in the effects of absorptive capacity. As a result, the empirical evidence and suggestions for high-tech enterprises to develop absorptive capacity are provided.

Innovation is the motivation and origin of enterprise development,but not all firms are able to reap rewards from innovation. As evidence from empirical studies reveals the vast variance in the return of innovation, the variance is tried to explain from the standpoint of internationalization. Initially,the relationship between innovation and firm performance is discussed,and then based on the technological capability theories, the study explains how and why the Degree Of Internationalization(DOI) has the influences on the return of innovation and a corresponding theoretical model is established. Through the empirical research on the panel data of 49 industrial enterprises in Hubei Province, it is found that the DOI is an important moderator of the relationship between innovation and performance; internationalization enhances a firm's capacity to improve performance through innovation. Firms with different level of DOI differ considerably in the return of innovation.

The effect of environmental regulation on three types of technological innovations in China is analyzed by using the panel data of 29 regions from the year of 1997 to 2007. The results indicate that the environmental regulation has insignificant positive effect on the technological innovation unless the environmental regulation connects with human capital, when it connects with human capital, environmental regulation can stimulate the enterprises' technological innovation in the east and the middle area of China. However, the promoting function of the environmental regulation in the west area is almost none. The factors that lead to different effects of environmental regulation on technological innovation among east, middle, and west areas are analyzed. At last, some suggestions on how to amplify the environmental regulations' positive effect on the capability improvement of regional technological innovation are provided.

The relationship between corporate financial policy and three levels of managerial overconfidence which are chairman of the board, CEO and TMT is comparatively analyzed. The results show that chairman of the board overconfidence has a significant effect on corporate investment, merger, finance, and dividend payout polices. Meanwhile, CEO overconfidence and TMT overconfidence only have significant effect on corporate investment expenditure and debt maturity structure. It is indicated that chairman of the board overconfidence is more appropriate to explain the irrational financial decisions of listed companies in China. In addition, it is found that managerial overconfidence has insignificant effect on corporate capital structure and it is different from some results of foreign literature.

With the supply chain of Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) model which was characterized by random yield and the effect of stochastic promotion effort on market demand, the decision-making of the supplier and retailer under both centralized-control and decentralized-control were analyzed, the affect of random yield on the potential cost and decision-making of supplier was discussed, the contract model combined sales rebate with buy-back was built. On this basis, the affect of contract on retailer and supplier's decision-making and the revenue of the whole supply chain were analyzed. The research shows that the contract is able to urge retailer to increase the promotion effort and order quantity, which is also able to urge supplier to increase the planned production quantity, and this could improve the revenue of the supply chain. Furthermore, the way to realize the best income for the supply chain is proposed. Finally, the result is validated by the numerical analysis.

Both product innovation and management innovation are important for the survival and development of organizations, how to effectively combine them for achieving benefit maximization has become a huge challenge for nowadays managers. Therefore, exploratory case study method is adopted to explore the whole process for Toyota Lexus product innovation from the perspective combining product innovation process with management innovation. The research indicates that during the product innovation process of Lexus involving the phases of design and development, production, and marketing, three management innovation practices produce the most effect, they are brand innovation, organizational structure innovation, and marketing model innovation. A three-dimension relationship model between product innovation and management innovation is finally set up by deeply exploring the function mechanism of three major management innovation practices in the different phases and the whole process, respectively.

In China, competency research is one of the hot topics in the field of human resource management in recent years. The article gives a summary on the competency research in China from 2001 to 2004,then analyses its achievement and disadvantages of these research,and finally points out the developing trends about competency research in the future.

Firm strategizing behavior is an interaction process between management-levels’ change and Organizational Change (OC). It is argued that interactive mechanism between Management-levels’ Knowledge Structure(MKS) and OC can reveal firms’ strategizing behavior. Within the organizational structurational framework, the structurational dualism of the knowledge resided in managers is analyzed, and the fact that MKS provides a new impetus for OC is pointed out, then the influence of OC on the change of MKS is explored, and it is indicated that organizational changing activities (turnovers, knowledge transformation, and organizational learning) could change MKS. The findings suggest that firm strategizing behavior is the structurational processes between MKS and OC activity, and finally a case study of HP is presented.

  Abstract: The enterprise intellectual capital in 1990’s is the latest theory about enterprise competitive sources. Nahapiet and Ghoshal proposed the formation mechanism of intellectual capital from the perspective of enterprise social capital, however, there is no verification that has been done by scholars. Here, a theory framework is refined to research on enterprise intellectual capital formation mechanism from social capital perspective, which will further boost the enterprise performance. An empirical study is made based on statistic data of enterprises in China. The results show that the model assumptions are partly confirmed, and some conclusions and assumptions are totally opposite. These conclusions are relevant to the attitudes of the Chinese in transition economy period and lack of communication, trust and shared vision of Chinese enterprises.

All of these factors, such as the cost increass of raw material and human resources, continuous rise of exchange rate, and a serious of trade conflict, push OEMs into a very difficult situation. The promotion of research and innovation capacity and the realization of transition and upgrade of OEMs are the most urgent affairs. Based on the three dimensions of social capital, how social capital of OEMs affect the construction and administration of R&D alliances is analyzed and an empirical study is conducted. The result indicates that R&D alliance initiating and participating by the government and scientific research departments is helpful to solve the OEMs short-term profit orientation, specific institution norm and long-term cooperation restriction are helpful to solve the trust crisis of R&D alliances; Share of talents, capital, information, and some other related resources is important for realizing the scale economies to make up the problems of scarcity and homogeneity on resources. Effective construction and administration of R&D Alliances could promote small and medium-sized OEMs technology innovation and product development.

Abstract: In accordance with the idea of goal programming and q-norm distance, an evaluation method of organizational performance based on comparative advantage is put forward, and the weights are determined from the angle propitious to the evaluated themselves. On this basis, the index system of performance evaluation is built from five dimensions, i.e. current profitability, market expectations of future profitability, risk, growth, and short-term solvency. According to the method mentioned above, an empirical research on 50 listed companies’ performance is carried out. The conclusions are as follows: firstly, the performance of listed companies in different dimensions is different, which reflects their respectively comparative advantage; secondly, the evaluation results from the view of 50 listed companies, which is favorable for listed companies to find their benchmark are obtained; thirdly, the ranking lists of comparative advantage for 50 listed companies are acquired based on collecting all the views of the object being evaluated.

House of Quality (HOQ) behaves well-adapted and more feasible in the improvement of service quality. First, the main research works in the improvement on HOQ and its limitation in applications are illustrited. Then customer requirements and the demand of corporation value maximization are taken into considerration, the HOQ is improved in two aspects, that is, the main bodies are relevant matrix and the expantion of economy dimension. Therefore, an improved HOQ based on the structure equation coefficients is proposed. The relevant matrix is built by structure equation in order to avoid over-depending on experts' experience and waste the survey information. Besides, in order to meet the demand of corporation value maximization, an economy dimension is introduced by extending the HOQ's structure from two-dimension to three-dimension. Finally, the full HOQ modeling process is presented and its feasibility is provided through a practical case.

By adopting the real option method, firstly, the model of government guarantee subsidization efficiency is setup, the determinants of government guarantee subsidization efficiency are analyzed and the relationship between the option value of government guarantee subsidization and guarantee subsidization intesity is discussed. Then the game model of government and enterprise's subsidization efficiency is built, the game behaviors of government and enterprise in the two phases of technological innovation are discussed, and the important determinants of government subsidization intensity are analyzed. The following the conclusion is drawn, that is, the investment balance of government and enterprise is that the average profit of the project investment is equal to the marginal profit. Finally, from the perspective of the government, the suggestion on government subsidization intensity is given.

In terms of structure, the evolution trend of innovation network for the clustered enterprise is mainly concerned about the change in its openness, hierarchy, and multiplicity of participants. This kind of evolution could be characterized by cultural embeddedness. The research shows the difference of contents and extend embedded by clustered firms will result in different degree of their innovation network's evolution. The intrinsic mechanism of the impact of the former on the latter could mainly be depicted by the mediative role of innovation strategy posture. The three dimensions of innovation strategy posture, namely, innovativeness, foresightness, and risk taking, play the role of mediation between cultural embeddedness and the evolutions of innovation network with different degrees.

The imbalance of China regional economic development leads to the different of environment effect of foreign trade. Emissions of both SO₂ and CO₂ are adopted as pollution index, by using the panel data during the period of 1990-2008, the environmental effects of foreign trade in China central, eastern, and western regions are investigated, and the direct and indirect effects of trade on pollution are analyzed, at the end, the short term and long term elastic coefficients of the regional trade on the pollution are calculated. The results show that (1) the environment effect of foreign trade is relevant to the difference region in China and the type of pollutants, the international trade is beneficial to the improvement of eastern region environment, but it generates a more adverse effect to the central and western regions; (2) the elastics of trade on pollution in long term is bigger than that in the short term, it means that pollution effects for the long term is bigger than that for the short term.

By taking two supply chains as a research object, each of them containing one manufacturer and one retailer, the problem involving Stackelberg game is discussed, when two supply chains adopt different decision structures, respectively. In particular, four decision structures between these two supply chains are analyzed, including the structures of decentralized-decentralized, decentralized-centralized, centralized- decentralized, centralized-centralized. It is found that (1) centralized decision is the dominate strategy for the leader supply chain;(2) as for the follower supply chain, whether adopting centralized decision or decentralized decision, it is depended on the substitutability degree of products and the selection of the leader supply chain; (3) when the substitutability degree of product is low, the structure of centralized-centralized is the equilibrium solution of single and repeat games; and when the substitutability degree of product is high, the structure of centralized-decentralized is the equilibrium solution of single game; while the structure of decentralized -decentralized is the equilibrium solution of repeat games.

Based on the composite system model of the coordination degree for the compound system, the current R&D investment in colleges and universities is analyzed, and then the degree of coordination between economic development and HERD investment from the years of 1992 to 2006 in China is measured. Comparison between China and other developed countries are also conducted. The results show that the degree of coordination in China is at a good level and has a little difference with other developed countries. However, the coordination degree of R&D investment expenditures in Chinese universities is significantly lower than that in scientists and engineers input, and the degree is also significantly behind the development level of GDP. The suggestion is put forward that the funding for HERD investment should be increased; in the meantime, the investment of scientists and engineers in R&D researchers should be moderately slowed down.

The social relation has an important impact on knowledge transfer. Firstly, the main research line in the knowledge management field and the research position of knowledge transfer based on social relation in the field are looked back. Then the research on knowledge transfer based on social relation is generalized into two forms, namely, knowledge transfer in view of dyadic ralation level and knowledge transfer in view of social network. Further, the main viewpoints and research lines in these two forms of knowledge transfer are concluded. Finally, the possible research directions in this field are discussed.

  Abstract: In the research of regional science and technology resource allocation, many articles select the indicators qualitatively. However, there mustbe many subjective factors in these qualitative methods. Therefore, an evaluation index is constructed by the method of correlation analysis. Considering output is lagging behind input in the field ofscience and technology, and the lag reflected the following years instead of one particular year after the resource investment has made. On the basis of this, the classic DEA model is improved, and then the efficiency of science and technology resource allocation in Jiangsu Province is analyzed. The result shows that the allocationisinvalid in vast majority cities of Jiangsu Province. At last, the reasons is analyzed and some countermeasures are put forward.