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24 July 2009, Volume 30 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A study on the mechanism of open innovation promoting innovative performance Chen Yufen1, Chen Jin2 2009, 30(4): 1-9 .  Abstract ( 3982 )   PDF (2141KB) ( 4680 )   Abstract: The open innovation paradigm brought forward by Henry Chesbrough offers a new way of thinking and managing about innovation. Based on the survey data from 209 innovative firms in China, the mechanism of open innovation is verified by Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). The research manifests that enterprises acquire market-related resources and technology-related resources to complement the internal innovation resources and improve the efficiency of innovation through open to outside. The each innovation key element promoting the innovative performance under an open innovative system is disclosed. And it also gives a good directions for enterprises to increase indigenous innovation capabilities through utilizing external knowledge effectively according to their internal innovation resources. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review on the researches of national innovational system: Theory and policy Zhang Junfang1, Lei Jiasu2 2009, 30(4): 10-17 .  Abstract ( 1811 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 2989 )   Abstract: Originated in the eighties of the last century, National Innovation System (NIS) has been regarded as an important means for promoting country’s economic development and enhancing international competitiveness. In particular, it provides an effective catching up way for the developing countries during today’s globalization. Thus, the study not only caused widespread concern in the academic circles, but also attracts the great attention from the governments. Based on the origin of concept and theory, related researches and future development trends are reviewed systemically from academic and policy views, the deficiencies and debates are put forward, it is expected to provide valuable references for Chinese innovation system researches and practices during the transition period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of marketing capabilities on the self-innovative desire of enterprise leaders Yu Jianyuan, Zhao Chunyu, Li Ruiqiang 2009, 30(4): 18-28 .  Abstract ( 1691 )   PDF (1372KB) ( 2552 )   Abstract: Enterprise leaders’ desire for innovation is determined by various factors, both subjective ones and objective ones. A hypothesis that marketing capabilities play an unavoidable role in the self-innovative desire of enterprise leaders is proposed. On the basis of two essential innovative dimensions and experimental factors of “psychological tendency” and “behavior tendency” that aim to measure enterprise leaders’ desire for innovation, the classical “quasi-randomized block” experimental mode was employed. Results suggest that the level of marketing capabilities has a positive and obvious influence on the innovative desire of enterprise leaders. Therefore, the marketing capabilities for Chinese enterprises have to enhance effectively in order to raise active degree of self-innovation for them. Related Articles | Metrics

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The summarization about microcosmic process of product R&D ——A visual angle of technology evolution Mao Jianqi 2009, 30(4): 29-36 .  Abstract ( 1686 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 1935 )   Abstract: Product R&D process is quite complex; it is regarded as a “black box” by economist and innovation scientist. The microcosmic process of product R&D is attempted to clean up at the perspective of the mechanism of technological evolution by studying literature. The underlying factors of product R&D process as well as how they mutually affect and induce new techniques are illustrated; the idiographic forms, conditions, and characteristics of technological evolution in product R&D are clarified; and the effective implementation of trial-and-error, technological reverse, technic disassemble and integration as well as the development skills of technology inosculation, inoculatiion, and variation are described. Related Articles | Metrics

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Contrast analysis on the patterns of eco-industrial networks: An empirical study Guo Li 2009, 30(4): 37-43 .  Abstract ( 1604 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 2074 )   Abstract: Eco-industrial network is the key way to strike a balance between the economic development and environmental protection in industrial activities, which is the organizational forms of industrial symbiosis between various industries. Based on the two dimensions of space distribution and symbiosis relationship of industries, five patterns of eco-industrial network are proposed. Through the reviews on the present overseas and domestic cases of industrial symbiosis, the characteristics of the patterns are analyzed from the perspectives of system stability, technological innovation capability, the capability of maket emergency, stakeholders’ involvement, entering barriers, and environmental performance, which will provide the instruction for Chinese eco-industrial development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the relationships among intellectual capital, organizational learning， and performance of enterprise innovation Jiang Tianying, Wang Junjiang 2009, 30(4): 44-50 .  Abstract ( 1896 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 2638 )       Abstract: Based on the literature review, a hypothetic model of intellectual capital, organizational learning and the performance of enterprise innovation is proposed. And the model is verified by way of questionnaires among 555 employees in 78 Zhejiang enterprises. The empirical study results show that enterprise intellectual capital includes three main factors, namely, human capital, structure capital, and relation capital. Human capital not only directly affects structure capital, but also indirectly affects structure capital with the intermediary function of relation capital. These three factors have a positive impact on the organizational learning. Human capital has a direct impact on the innovation performance, while structure capital as well as relation capital has an indirect effect on the performance of enterprise innovation by means of organizational learning.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical and empirical analysis on the spatial dimension of innovation spillovers Dou Xuexia1,2, Cheng Kaiming1, Dou Zhiqiang3 2009, 30(4): 51-56 .  Abstract ( 1802 )   PDF (1735KB) ( 2394 )   Abstract: The capacity of technology innovation is of great importance to the development of economy and society. Due to its non-rivalry and non-exclusiveness, innovation spillover effect is obvious. According to the mechanism and forms, innovation spillovers are demonstrated in the four different spatial dimensions, namely, inter-enterprise, inter-industry, inter-region, and inter-country. By using spatial autocorrelation, the empirical analysis shows that the general indices of spatial autocorrelation at the level of country and province are remarkable. It indicates that intra-region innovation spillovers obviously exist. The local indices of spatial autocorrelation between province having better innovation capacity and provinces sunounding it are high. It verifies that inter-region innovation spillovers are the objective reality. In the end, some recommendations are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The meta-analysis on the relationship between product innovation and business performance Yao Shanji1, Wang Yonggui2, Jia He1 2009, 30(4): 57-64 .  Abstract ( 1943 )   PDF (1042KB) ( 2387 )   Abstract: There is significant differentiation among research results on the relationship between product innovation and business performance. Based on the search for research documents about the relationship between product innovation and business performance from some principal academic databases, the meta-analysis concerned increasingly in management research field is used to further analyze them quantitatively and comprehensively. It not only contains homogeneity test on documents, but also explains meta-analysis on the correlation relationship between product innovation and business performance. Then the exploratory analysis is made on possible moderating elements influencing the relationship between the two. Related Articles | Metrics

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The logics of technology development for the credit evaluation between China and Occident with its comparative research Guan Xiaoyong 2009, 30(4): 65-73 .  Abstract ( 1673 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 2078 )       Abstract: The technology for credit evaluating in China speculatively and repeatedly studies around “the system of index” for quite some times; it has got not only behind the level of western developed countries, but also behind the practice demand for credit development in China largely; and it still unable to bear the necessary function for keeping credit risk away in the actual finance crisis and reconstructing credit system in the future. The technology development law on the credit evaluate is explored; the problem and causation of China are quested based on the comparison of intrinsic drives and exterior conditions of technology development on the credit evaluation between China and Occident. The conclusion is reached, that is, intrinsic base，necessary condition, and ensuring condition are the three important conditions for the normal development of technology on the credit evaluation of China.   Related Articles | Metrics

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A method for measuring node importance in networks with the adjust parameters Wang Jianwei, Rong Lili, Guo Tianzhu 2009, 30(4): 74-79 .  Abstract ( 3776 )   PDF (1194KB) ( 4516 )   Abstract: How to measure the importance of nodes or find out the important nodes in the network has been a fundamental issue. However, since most of the existing centrality measures only takes one criterion into account, they couldn’t capture the specific differences among nodes. Hence, a new measure of node importance in complex networks with tunableparameters is proposed. The principle of this method lies in that the importance of network nodes is not only related to the degree of the nodes themselves, but also related to the degrees of their neighborhood nodes and node betweenness. The resultsbased on the sexy relation network of the AIDS show that proposed measure could better describe the differences among nodes andis more discriminative than degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality for the nodes of a network comparing with other several centrality measures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Path analysis on the influence of producer services on manufacturing energy intensity Feng Taiwen1,2, Sun Linyan1,2, He Zhe1,2, Xing Xing1,2 2009, 30(4): 80-88 .  Abstract ( 2042 )   PDF (1307KB) ( 2610 )   Abstract: Drawing on the manufacturing energy intensity literatures, the path of producer services influencing on manufacturing energy intensity and the moderating effects of technical merit and energy price on the relationship between the industrial structure of manufacturing and manufacturing energy intensity are studied using the time series data 1994-2006. The results demonstrated the development of producer services can reduce the manufacturing energy intensity through upgrading the industrial structure of manufacturing; the optimization of energy consumption structure is favorable for improving the energy utilization efficiency of manufacturing; furthermore, the moderating effect of technical merit and energy price on the relationship between the industrial structure of manufacturing and manufacturing energy intensity both are not significant. Finally, according to the results, some policy suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of developing producer service to optimize the industrial structure of manufacturing, perfecting the price mechanism of energy market, and improving technical merit, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical analysis on the competitiveness development of international service trade in China Wang Yongning, Wang Xu, Li Liaoyuan 2009, 30(4): 89-96 .  Abstract ( 1807 )   PDF (1214KB) ( 2435 )   Abstract： By the means of the empirical analysis on the framework of competition advantage theory, it is mainly found that FDI ,human resource, service proportion, and international market coverage play positive roles in promoting the competition of international service trade in the long run, in the meanwhile have a negative correlation with the gap between city and country， and finally some suggestions are put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mediation effects of endogenous cooperative effects for competitive alliances Li Wei, Long Yong 2009, 30(4): 97-104 .  Abstract ( 1737 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 2492 )   Abstract: Competitive alliance is an emerging strategic mode. It has become a focus in alliance theoretical field because it is beneficial to the partners who reap competitive advantages by reaching synergistic effects. Based on data collected from 205 competitive alliances, the relationships between cooperative effects and their influencing factors are discussed and tested, especially the indirect impacts, from the angle of inside alliance by applying the regression analysis. The results demonstratethat both the structure of alliance and the internal risk are significant mediator variables. This means that the impacts of influencing factors on cooperative effects are partially or completely deliveredby those mediators, but not directly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the path of stakeholders involving with the corporate governance —A case study of the controlling right dispute of NVC based on the grounded theory Wang Shiquan1, Niu Jianbo2 2009, 30(4): 105-114 .  Abstract ( 1897 )   PDF (1728KB) ( 2508 )   Abstract: Based on the grounded theory, the case of the controlling right dispute of NVC is dissected. The research indicates that according to the existing framework of rules and regulations, the relation-based governance could become an important engaging path for stakeholders to participate in the corporate governance. However, as a kind of informal institutional arrangement, the relation-based governance could only exert its maximum effect by way of “collective action”, and its prerequisite is that the firm happens to infringe on most stakeholders and each stakeholder could coordinate into an alliance in a short time. Meanwhile, it is also found that the stakeholders who are actively engaged in corporate governance are those who have formal contractual relation with the firm, so that, it is necessary to scientifically define the stakeholder engaging in corporate governance in theory when putting the stakeholders engaging in corporate governance into the formal government arrangement. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on the resource management and its performance implication Zhao Jianbo， Cao Hongjun， Wang Yihua 2009, 30(4): 115-122 .  Abstract ( 1802 )   PDF (2020KB) ( 2118 )   Abstract: The Resource-Based View (RBV) asserts that firms gain and sustain competitive advantages by deploying valuable resources and capabilities which are inelastic in supply. The impact of firm’s resource on its performance is analyzed from the perspective of resource management. By interviewing with managers, the dimensions of resource management construct are identified, that is, resource acquirement, information collection and analysis, product and resource release, internal integration as well as external coordination. These fivedimensions of resource management are examined by second order confirmatory factor analysis, and then its relation with firm performance is empirically tested. It is found that resource management actions are critical to achieve and sustain the competitive advantage, and this relation is moderated by firm size and length of operations. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Systemic study on the theory of technology threat between different organizations Lai Yuangen1, Zhu Donghua2 2009, 30(4): 123-129 .  Abstract ( 1691 )   PDF (1414KB) ( 2468 )   Abstract: With the enhancing technology fundamentality in economic development, the organizations with technology superiority often make a serious threat to those in inferior position. Based on the case studies of technology event, the theory of technology threat between different organizations is studied, including its formation mechanism, definition, and characteristics, etc. From the view of the types for the unbalance technology development, the technology threat is divided into three types, that is, technology gap threat, technology diversity threat, and technology R&D threat. Furthermore, a three-dimensional model for the relative factors of technology threat has been constructed in order to analyze the status of technology threat. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the mechanism of tacit knowledge transfer and its influencing factors in informal networks Ying Hongbin, Shen Yao 2009, 30(4): 130-137 .  Abstract ( 1722 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 2139 )   Abstract： Effective knowledge transfer is an important approach for enterprises to win the competitive advantage. It is well known that, the informal network, for its favorable interaction and pervasion, shows the important effect on transferring tacit knowledge. Although there is much research on the influencing factors of tacit knowledge transfer, systematic research on the background of informal networks is rare. Therefore, the model for mechanism of tacit knowledge transfer and its influencing factors in the context of informal networks are proposed and tested. The model manifests that the characters of informal networks and communication are positively related to the tacit knowledge transfer and then individual willingness and frequency of communication mediated the relationship between the characters of informal networks and tacit knowledge transfer. At last, it is found that the tacit knowledge moderated the relationship between trust, job interaction, and tacit knowledge transfer. Related Articles | Metrics

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How Chinese management for science funds could be benefit from the auditing oversight system of NSF Shen Yu, Tong Rencheng 2009, 30(4): 138-143 .  Abstract ( 1553 )   PDF (996KB) ( 2216 )   Abstract: State auditing, internal auditing and social auditing constitute National Science Foundation’s(NSF’S) audit oversight system in U.S., and this three-leveled auditing system strikes a balance between macro and micro. The Office of Inspector General(OIG), as the main body of internal audit, oversees NSF and its grantees on a day-by-day basis and issues audit reports regularly. The connotation and features of this system are analyzed and summarized, its audit practice and impact are introduced, and China could be benefit from the experience of NSF and strengthens auditing supervision for Chinese scientific funds. Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation and management strategies of research ethics and academic atmosphere Zhang Qi1，2， Wang Erping1， Sun Jianguo3 2009, 30(4): 144-153 .  Abstract ( 1669 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 2750 )   Abstract: Based on the literature analysis and case studies, 28 researchers from 4 research institutes are interviewed. Then through online survey, 381 valid replies from 19 research institutes all over the country are received. The results include the violation extent of scientific ethics by researchers and academic atmosphere, the roots of those problems, the researchers’ attitudes toward the current situation, and the management measures as well as strategies taken by the research institutes. It aims to provide some suggestions for the formulation of related policies, and lay a foundation for the further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparing objective weighting with subjective weighting in Sci-tech education institute assessment Yu Liping, Pan Yuntao, Wu Yishan 2009, 30(4): 154-161 .  Abstract ( 1542 )   PDF (1478KB) ( 2378 )   Abstract: To see the difference among various objective weighting methods, the world 200 universities are re-ranked using the six methods, such as principal component analysis, factor analysis, TOPSIS, rank sum ratio, grey system, and entropy weight based on 2007 Times world university ranking data originally given by Times Higher Eduation Supplement, then the new rankings are compared with Times rankings. The results show that objective weighting can’t be ensured entirely. Evaluation objects sitting in middle range of data series would get bigger ranking difference than those sitting on the two ends of data series when using different evaluation methods if the data present the normal distribution. Objective evaluation methods seem more appropriate to attribute evaluated institutes into macro-scale rough categories. The gap between evaluated institutes affects the agreement among different objective evaluation results. The future trend seems to conduct more assessment exercises which combine subjective weighting methods with objective weighting methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Patent pool: The theory and its inspirations for the patent strategy of Chinese enterprises Xu Minghua1,2， Chen Jinqi2 2009, 30(4): 162-167 .  Abstract ( 1569 )   PDF (1889KB) ( 2154 )   Abstract: Patent pools, as the strategic organizations of related patentees, can solve the anti-commons problem more effectively and navigate the patent thicket. In the meantime, the pool raises the role of the patents, strengthens the negotiation position of the patentees and the power to impose patent licensing fees, as well as masters and influences the trend of related patent technology; and the members of the pool can gain enormous benefits from the pool. Therefore, Chinese enterprises should thoroughly understand and become familiar with the organizational structure and operational mechanism of patent pool in order to positively respond the market aggression from foreign patent pool, and participate in or set up own patent pools for raising the patent competitiveness. Related Articles | Metrics

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The causation of sleeping patents and its prevention Yuan Xiaodong 2009, 30(4): 168-174 .  Abstract ( 1808 )   PDF (1184KB) ( 2053 )   Abstract: The sleeping patents are referred to neither actively exploiting patent nor negatively utilizing patent, and blocking patents and problem patents are excluded from them. The basic condition for sleep patents in China is analyzed, the reason for existence of sleep patents is explained by the theory of transaction cost; it is considered that sleep patents is the outcome of lack complementary assets and high transaction cost. And some preventing and cueing strategies are put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical research on the relation between pharmaceutical listed company’s intellectual property right and its performance Zhao Yuanliang1, Zhou Jizhong2, Hou Liang2, Xu Zhi3 2009, 30(4): 175-183 .  Abstract ( 1805 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 2497 )   Abstract: Taking Chinese pharmaceutical listed companies as data sample, the relation between intellectual property right and its performance was studied using the regression method. It is concluded that Chinese traditional medicine companies’ patent is related with their performance positively, the appearance design that chemical and biotech pharmaceutical companies have is related with their performance positively, and pharmaceutical companies’ utilities and trademark are not related with their performance. At last, some suggestions were given based on the conclusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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A scientometrics analysis on the disciplinary characteristics of Chinese science publications Yuan Junpeng1, Xue Lan2 2009, 30(4): 184-189 .  Abstract ( 1617 )   PDF (1884KB) ( 2334 )   Abstract: Based on the papers published with a Chinese address and collected by the Web of Science (including SCI, SSCl, and A&HCI) during the period of 1994-2006, the scientometrics and data mining approach are adoped to analyze disciplinary patterns of Chinese publications, including quantity and growth rate for the different disciplines. In addition, the BCG matrix analysis is used to divide the 242 disciplines into four different categories, that is, stars, cash cows, question marks, and skinny dogs. Policy recommendations are made based on the analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the identification of emerging technology by an attribute synthetic measure model Huang Lucheng， Lu Wenguang 2009, 30(4): 190-194 .  Abstract ( 1690 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 2731 )   Abstract: It is recognized by governments and researchers that the emerging technology is playing an important role in economic and social development. The first step to manage and invest in the emerging technology is to identify, assess, and evaluate it. Whereas due to both the technology uncertainty and marketing uncertainty, it is a big challenge to correctly identify and assess the emerging technology. A study on the identification of emerging technology is made by an attribute synthetic measure model based on the indexing system that developed by expert panel, and is a combination of quantitative and qualitative index. Related Articles | Metrics