Abstract: Originated in the eighties of the last century, National Innovation System (NIS) has been regarded as an important means for promoting country’s economic development and enhancing international competitiveness. In particular, it provides an effective catching up way for the developing countries during today’s globalization. Thus, the study not only caused widespread concern in the academic circles, but also attracts the great attention from the governments. Based on the origin of concept and theory, related researches and future development trends are reviewed systemically from academic and policy views, the deficiencies and debates are put forward, it is expected to provide valuable references for Chinese innovation system researches and practices during the transition period.