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20 September 2009, Volume 30 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A study on the dynamic pattern of open innovation Chen Yufen 2009, 30(5): 1-11 .  Abstract ( 1804 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 2400 )   Abstract: The open innovation paradigm brought forward by Henry Chesbrough offers a new way of thinking and managing about innovation. But the openness and management are different for enterprises of different industries in a different phase of innovation. The key external innovation factors in product innovation, process innovation, and platform innovation for enterprises of different industries are analyzed based on the U-A dynamic pattern of innovation. A dynamic pattern of open innovation is established according to the state-of-arts using a step regression analysis. The research manifests that in the phase of product innovation, enterprises in STI industries should open to few selective factors in order to facilitate the innovation performance, enterprises in DUI industries that open to multi-agency may be good for the innovation performance. Enterprises rely more on internal technological capabilities and cumulated experience of employees in the phase of process innovation. The cumulated technological capabilities and the integrating capabilities of technology and market are key factors for success in the phase of platform innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of team transactive memory systems on the swarm intelligence Jin Yanghua 2009, 30(5): 12-16 .  Abstract ( 1985 )   PDF (989KB) ( 2294 )   Abstract: The team’s Transactive Memory Systems (TMSs) is the important factor to influence team knowledge sharing and swarm intelligence. The theoretical models of TMSs and swarm intelligence were tested through the survey of 310 members in 58 work teams. Research results demonstratedthe relationship between TMSs and swarm intelligence, and TMSs would influence thedevelopment of swarm intelligence. The implications for the team learning and knowledge management were also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Knowledge diffusion path, absorptive capacity, and regional SMEs’ innovation Yang Juping, Jia Shenghua 2009, 30(5): 17-24 .  Abstract ( 1925 )   PDF (1679KB) ( 2699 )   Abstract: The impact of regional leading firms’ knowledge diffusion on the innovation of local Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is one of the most important topics for both academic and practical researchers. A quite amount of research has introduced that leading firms’ knowledge diffusion path and SMEs’ absorptive capacity are significant to the effectiveness of leading firms’ knowledge diffusion on SMEs’ innovation. And there are two knowledge diffusion paths, one is the informal communication between a leading firm and a SME, the other is the collaboration relationship between them. With the survey data of 156 SMEs from 3 industrial clusters of Zhejiang, it is found that there is an important condition for the effectiveness of leading firms’ knowledge diffusion on local SMEs’ innovation. That is to say, weather or not leading firms’ knowledge diffusion has a driving effect on SMEs’ innovation depends on the matching of the knowledge diffusion path and the absorptive capacity of SME. SMEs that possess low absorptive capacity should communicate informally with leading firms to innovate, while SMEs with high absorptive capacity should collaborate with leading firms to promote its innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the multi-channel supply chain management: An literature review Huang Jian1, Xiao Tiaojun2, Sheng Zhaohan2 2009, 30(5): 25-32 .  Abstract ( 1889 )   PDF (973KB) ( 2924 )   Abstract: Recently, multi-channel supply chain management has been a hot topic of management science around the world. Therefore, it is aim at analyzing the qualitative researches of multi-channel supply chain management from three pointsof view: theoretical models, analysis methods, and research contents. Moreover, the related literatures are analyzed by studying channel choice, channel conflict and coordinationstrategies, respectively. Furthermore, some key problems are presented for future research to stimulate the development of multi-channel supply chain study. The main objectiveis to draw attention from Chinese researcher and solve the related problems of Chinese firms in their process of online channel development. Related Articles | Metrics

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The cognitive bias of enterprises and production capacity excess Zhang Xinhai1, Wang Nan2 2009, 30(5): 33-39 .  Abstract ( 1850 )   PDF (937KB) ( 2767 )   Abstract: In the developing process of the industrial cycle, two extreme status of production capacity fluctuation often appear. Especially for the transition to the market economy in China, the problem of production capacity excess has repeatedly occurred，and has brought a serious impact on the economic development and economic efficiency. However, in the traditional economic theory, the enterprise and the market are completely rational, and there will not be a seriously production capacity excess or lack of production capacity through the price mechanism and market clearing. The enterprises as the principal part of microcosmic make the investment decisions based on a limited rational behavior but not completely rational. The hyperbola discount model is utilized to introduce the theory of cognitive bias into the study of the problem. From the perspective of microcosmic, the economic entity enterprises are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that the enterprises will invest with the impulse when the economics is prosperity, and procrastinate investment lingeringly when the economics is at a low ebb because of the cognitive bias β. Massive blind investment will bring the fluctuation of industrial production capacity. The policies, that lead enterprises to investment correctly on the basis of the adjusted coefficient β and c, eliminate the cognitive bias, and realize the economics steady development, are suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the correlative search of patent and its integrative applications Ye Zuoliang1，3, Gao Qianhui2, Chen Guohai3 2009, 30(5): 40-46 .  Abstract ( 1809 )   PDF (1430KB) ( 2175 )   Abstract: The patent analysis and patent application system is surveyed in detail. Then a tree model is proposed to describe the patent document. Based on this tree model, massive patent documents can be sorted with a vector space model and the correlative patents can be searched. The method is a new way to integrate patent management system with enterprise application system. Finally, a patent management system is integrated with the workflow management system, the integrated framework is built up and the integrated system is developed. And the patent management system can be used in the unit of workflow system; this system is used successfully in designing an electric retarder. Related Articles | Metrics

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Existing problems of the enforcement system for the patent license and relevant countermeasures Jiang Xunming， Zhu Xuezhong 2009, 30(5): 47-52 .  Abstract ( 1757 )   PDF (907KB) ( 2502 )   Abstract: The current enforcement system for patent license in China inclines to ensure the licensors’ control over patents while fails to harmonize and balances the benefits of both licensors and licensees. It not only entails institutional risks but also conflicts with other interrelated legal system. These problems are analyzed in details and possible institutional precautions are put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Present situation of the mechanism of patent protection for the innovation in the knowledge-based service industry and its predictive analysis Cao Yong, She Shuo 2009, 30(5): 52-60 .  Abstract ( 1740 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 2411 )   Abstract: The mechanism of patent protection and the data related patent in service industry of Europe and China are analyzed, it is drawn a conclusion that mechanism of patent protection will be very important to the knowledge-based service industry. The number of service patent will grow rapidly in the future. Trend analysis on the business method patent in China is conducted and then the result is ralidated by a model of conic fitting. Grasping the importance of mechanism of patent to the knowledge-based service industry will promote its innovation and development, and also perfect IPR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the evolution characteristic of Chinese manufacturing industrial structure and its trend forecasting Yang Hongjiao, Sun Linyan 2009, 30(5): 61-68 .  Abstract ( 1920 )   PDF (1426KB) ( 2309 )   Abstract: It is a focal issue in the literature to explore the general rule of industrial structure evolution. Although many researchers pay attention to the studies on industrial structure, there are two deficiencies, namely, one is the classification of industrial structure is too rough, another is the data required by forecasting model doesn’t match the real world. Therefore, the evolution of Chinese manufacturing industrial structure from 1988 to 2005 is depicted. It is revealed that Chinese manufacturing industrial structure is on the trend of upgrading all the time. Besides, a new forecasting model - support vector machine is proposed based on a differential evolution algorithm - to forecast Chinese manufacturing industrial structure. This model is tested as a good forecasting model; it effectively solves the problem that the econometrics forecasting model of industrial structure is difficult to be established. Related Articles | Metrics

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Institutional innovation for the industry-university-research institute collaboration: An integrated innovation unit Sun Wei1, Gao Jian1, Zhang Wei1, Wang Debao2, Feng Guanping2 2009, 30(5): 69-75 .  Abstract ( 1901 )   PDF (1341KB) ( 2572 )   Abstract: In the process of independent innovation, people often highly concern the technological innovation, but neglect the extreme importance of the institutional innovation. It is proposed that the industry-university-research institute collaboration building on the effective institutional innovation can realize the greater technological innovation. Based on the case study of Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen’s (RITS’s) long-term practice, its institutional innovation for industry-university-research institute collaboration is studied, and the conclusion is that RITS has built a creative model: “integrated innovation unit” which has different functions to support and accelerate through the institutional innovation. In the promotion of science and technology entrepreneurs, RITS builds a balanced and coordinated developing system including support, technology, incubation and financing; and it produced a lot of technological innovation and commercialization. This innovative model provides a useful reference for the practice of Chinese industry-university-research institute collaboration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the factors influencing internationalization of Chinese universities Hu Yiwu 2009, 30(5): 76-81 .  Abstract ( 1911 )   PDF (1589KB) ( 2118 )   Abstract： A survey on 50 domestic universities at all levels is coducted; it focuses on the factors influencing internationalization of universities. Based on the survey, firstly the main factors are determined by using factor analysis method, at then the important incentives and major obstacles in the process of internationalization for the universities in China are selected and analyzed. The research results can provide the important knowledge-base and supports for the universities at all levels in China to determine core areas that they focus on while implementing the strategies of internationalization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the human capital earning equation and its empirical analysis Wang Yunduo 2009, 30(5): 82-89 .  Abstract ( 1659 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 2019 )   Abstract: Based on the school attainments, sectors, and regions distribution of questionnaire, there are a few defects lie in working experience square variable of human capital earning equation. According to the relation between working experience and earning of questionnaire, referring to the theory of expansion of human capital earning equation that is advanced by Murphy and Welch, by means of adding the working experience high-order terms into a standard Mincer earning equation, a significantly better fit for earning equation is yielded, the results reveal that the earning equation including a working experience cubic term is the bestchoice. Related Articles | Metrics

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The causes and effect of knowledge management strategy: The impact of human resources Du Wei1, 2, Si Youhe1, Wen Pingchuan2 2009, 30(5): 90-102 .  Abstract ( 1755 )   PDF (1247KB) ( 2380 )   Abstract: Knowledge management strategy as an important issue of knowledge management field becomes more and more popular. The resource-based theory is taken as the research perspective, and an integrated model which takes the human resources and IT competency as the knowledge management strategy causes, and the organization performance as the effect is constructed. The 397 firms were taken as samples to test the model. And the results showed that human resources and IT competency can affect knowledge management strategy positively, and knowledge management strategy also affect organization performance positively. The results also showed that human resource has a positive impact on IT competency. The direct and indirect effect also exits between human resources and organization performance. This is the a mechanism of human resources depicted by the model. Related Articles | Metrics

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The staffing theory on oversea subsidiaries in China and its empirical study Tao Fengming， Meng Weidong， Yang Tao 2009, 30(5): 103-115 .  Abstract ( 1865 )   PDF (930KB) ( 2347 )   Abstract: The staffing for oversea subsidiaries in China is characteristic of expatriation for top and middle level managers and localization for low level managers. It is proposed that such a staffing decision results from its low transaction costs. And a bunch of transaction costs including recruitment costs, training and internalization costs, monitoring costs, and enforcement costs are discussed. Then, a series of hypotheses on the basis of theory analysis is formulated. With a sample of 151 subsidiaries in China, an empirical study is constructed to test the hypotheses. Empirical results may clearly explain the paradoxbetween the cost reductionprinciple and the costly recruitment of expatiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the overinvestment behavior based on a real option Yang Junmin1, Cao Zhiguang2 2009, 30(5): 111-116 .  Abstract ( 1660 )   PDF (1010KB) ( 2156 )   Abstract: Investment opportunity is an option to the enterprise. This option can increase the value of the enterprise. However, the exercise timing will affect the value of this option. While debt financing will bring overinvestment problem, more complicated financing behavior can alleviate the problem. Based on the Mauer-Sarkar model, the conclusion is drawn that proper financing behavior can increase the value of the real option. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the allocation and management mode of expenditure for Germany national scientific research institutions Wu Jianguo 2009, 30(5): 117-123 .  Abstract ( 1872 )   PDF (922KB) ( 2819 )   Abstract: The German experiences in R&D budget management and evaluation are introcluced, the management mechanism of expenditure allocation of three National Scientific Research Institutions (NSRIs) supported by German government is analyzed, and the management pattern of expenditure allocation of different NSRIs is abstracted. As a result, three recommendations for improving the S&T expenditure management of China are pointed out, namely, to strengthen the strategic management of national S&T strategy and policy, the supervision of S&T program implementation; to strengthen the S&T expenditure management of different NSRIs so as to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of expenditure utilization; to explore a new pattern integrating the growth of rewards with the performance of scientific research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Does FDI promote the innovation of domestic-funded enterprises? Pan Shenbiao, Yu Miaozhi 2009, 30(5): 124-131 .  Abstract ( 1979 )   PDF (948KB) ( 2786 )   Abstract: The effect of Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) in China on the domestic-funded enterprise’ innovation is analyzed with the revised A-J model. No evidence shows that the technology spillover from FDI definitely leads to the innovative ability improvement of the domestic-funded enterprise before it reaches the threshold. Once over the threshold， with the spillover increasing， the innovative ability of the domestic-funded enterprise improves. With the industry data of China from 1999 to 2006， it is found that the innovation promotion effect from FDI on the domestic-funded enterprises in high-tech and middle-tech industries is not significant. But in the low-tech industry the effect is obvious. Finally， some explanations on the threshold and suggestions on the policy are given. Related Articles | Metrics

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Industrial organization optimization and modularity design for the brand agriculture Ji Liuxiang 2009, 30(5): 132-138 .  Abstract ( 1632 )   PDF (2291KB) ( 2281 )   Abstract: Based on the development conception of agricultural industrialization and brand establishment in China, the industrial organization network model of brand agriculture has been general described, its core content is to establish a universal intermediary industrial service network between individual peasant and brand market, analysis the inner logic of modern agriculture transformation which organization structure changes from the networking to the integration, even virtualization. Secondly, the modularity of organization operation that include capital flow, logistics, knowledge flow, and brand value flow is designed, also the integrated information management platform is constructed based on the Web in order to satisfy online service, real-time management, cooperative increment, and implement the virtual value net model supported by the completed information. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between knowledge acquisition and cooperative performance in the context of different coopetition portfolios Li Jingyu, Shen Hao 2009, 30(5): 139-147 .  Abstract ( 1876 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 2229 )   Abstract: The 2*2 matrixes are shaped to explore the differences on interpersonal relationship, knowledge acquisition, and cooperative performance in the context of different coopetition cells. The differences among knowledge acquisition, interpersonal relationship, and cooperative performance in different coopetition portfolios are also tested by an empirical investigation. The results indicates that, comparing with other three coopetition portfolios, the portfolios of high competition and high cooperation will highly facilitate firms’ knowledge acquisition, individual relationship, and cooperative performance, and provides firms a new strategic choice perspective to win the sustained competitive advantage in the transition economy. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the relationship among CEOs’ leadership behavior, organizational learning capability， and organizational performance Chen Guoquan, Zhou Wei 2009, 30(5): 148-154 .  Abstract ( 2308 )   PDF (1667KB) ( 2648 )   Abstract: CEO’s leadership, mainly at the personal-level factor, affects the organizational performance through the factors of organizational level. By the method of empirical research, the relationship was analyzed among the leadership behavior, organizational learning capability, and organizational performance. The conclusions could be drawn as followed:（1）The three kinds of leadership behavior ofTRC model have significant effect on the organizational learning capability, in which the most importantis change-oriented, the second is relation-oriented, and the third is task-oriented according to the significant. (2) Organizationallearning capability has a complete mediate effect on the relationship between relation-oriented, change-oriented leadership behavior and organizational performance. Finally, the contribution, deficiency, and future development of the research are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of team shared mental model on the team effectiveness in high-tech organizations: The mediating role of knowledge sharing behavior Cao Keyan1, Long Junwei2 2009, 30(5): 155-161 .  Abstract ( 1912 )   PDF (935KB) ( 2660 )   Abstract: The effect of team shared mental model on team effectiveness in high - tech organizations is empirically explored. The data collected from 248 team members in 36 high-tech organizations of 4 cities show that the team shared mental model has a significant impact on the team performance and team members’ satisfaction. Team shared mental model has an impact on the team performance through knowledge sharing behavior among team members, that is, knowledge sharing behavior partially mediates between team shared mental model and team performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on the structural transformation of manufacturing industry in Zhejiang Qianfangming， Chenjuan 2009, 30(5): 162-168 .  Abstract ( 1808 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 2790 )   Abstract: In recent years, the structural transformation of the manufacturing industry in coastal developed areas of China has become the hot spot of the theory and practice. One analytical framework is established for the study in restructure of regional manufacturing industry, and the change of the magnitude and direction from 1990 to 2006 is measured in Zhejiang province. The empirical results show that from 1990 to 2006, the structure of the manufacturing industry in Zhejiang province underwent great adjustment process in a large scale, and gradually transform into the field with high artificiality and high technicalization, but it still remains in the low-end of value chain. The degree of industry ecologicalization is not high. In the end, the inspirations to the restructuring of regional manufacturing industry in Zhejiang province from empirical results have been suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reseach on the manufacturer product pricing under the waste outsourcing treatment mode Wu Di， Wu Chunyou 2009, 30(5): 169-177 .  Abstract ( 1690 )   PDF (1193KB) ( 2700 )   Abstract: Environmental regulations and public opinions of many countries and regions require that manufacturers should take the responsibility on their shoulder for waste disposal in order to effectively restrain the positive correlation effect of economy growth and waste soaring. Under this background, the waste outsourcing treatment mode came into being. It plays an important role accelerating the formation of manufacturer’s product price competitive advantage and core competitiveness. However, many scholars pay attention to the waste reusing or recycling，and neglect the research on how the outsourcing of other wastes and stack processing of all kinds of wastes affect the manufacturer’s product price. Based on this fact, an organic contact between waste types and waste outsourcing treatment modes is established. After analyzing the basic characteristics of different waste outsourcing treatment modes, the influence mechanisms and countermeasures about that the parameters affect the optimal product price and manufacturer’s profits are discussed with different modes which depend on the mathematical model and example. The references for the manufacturers to choose appropriate waste outsourcing treatment modes and waste treatment plants in order to cut down their costs are provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on the relationships between CEO characteristics, R&D intensity, and external environment Ning Jing, Jing Runtian 2009, 30(5): 178-186 .  Abstract ( 1948 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 2718 )   Abstract: Using firm-level data from the Investment Climate Surveys conducted by the World Bank in China, Brazil, and South Africa, the relationships between CEO’s demographic characteristics and R&D intensity and the moderating effects of social culture, and government policy, and legal system on the relationship are investigated. Neither CEO’s education level nor his/her work experience (the years of experience working in same sector before they become CEO’s) was found to have a significant impact on R&D intensity. Social culture significantly moderated the relationship between CEO’s education level and R&D intensity and that between CEO’s work experience and R&D intensity; the positive relationship between CEO’s education level and R&D intensity and that between CEO’s work experience and R&D intensity in China and Brazil were both significantly stronger than those in South Africa. The government policy negatively moderated the relationship between CEO’s education level and R&D intensity; the more unstable the government policy, the stronger positive relationship between CEO’s education level and R&D intensity. But the government policy didn’t moderate the relationship between CEO’s work experience and R&D intensity. Legal system didn’t moderate the relationship between CEO’s education level and R&D intensity or that between CEO’s work experience and R&D intensity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on journal classification based on co-citation ratio analysis Wang Xianwen1，2, Liu Zeyuan1 2009, 30(5): 187-195 .  Abstract ( 1968 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 2242 )   Abstract: A method using Cited Reference Search in Web of Science to search the matrix of co-citation amounts among journals in the whole database is introduced; the complete co-citation matrix could be got. Then the co-citation ratio of the matrix is calculated and a clustering analysis is made. The co-citation ratio matrix is the standardization of co-citation matrix, which could reduce the data error. After that, the sample journals are randomly selected from 4 subjects in JCR, and an empirical analysis to this method is carried on. The results of clustering analysis fit completely close to the classification in JCR. Further, an analysis on 78 management journals indexed in JCR-SSCI is made, the co-citation ratio matrix is searched and calculated, Netdraw is used to cluster the journals, and analyze the inner knowledge structure and knowledge communication of management science. Related Articles | Metrics