Loading...

Archive

    27 October 2012, Volume 33 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

    For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
    The relationships between Chinese current R&D resources and R&D outputs——Based on data of the second Chinese R&D resource investigation
    Shi Xinxiang, Feng Li, Liang Tongying
    2012, (10): 1-8. 
    Abstract ( 1997 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 2808 )  
    Previous studies on R&D performance measurement usually use R&D gross indicators to measure R&D inputs. However, using gross indicators to measure R&D inputs is unable to find the different impacts of R&D input structure and characteristics on R&D outputs. Using the data of latest nationwide R&D resource investigation, the relationships among Chinese current R&D expenditure structures, R&D researcher characteristics, and R&D outputs are empirically examined. The results suggest that the R&D types, purposes, and sources have the impact on R&D outputs with subtle difference. Also, the gender, education, and job character of R&D researchers have the impact on R&D outputs with subtle difference. Therefore, using gross indicators to measure R&D input is unable to find above results. It is better to conduct specific analysis under different contexts.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Comparison of regional patterns for technological specialization in China
    Feng Rentao, Yu Xiang
    2012, (10): 9-16. 
    Abstract ( 2024 )   PDF (969KB) ( 2505 )  
    Regional patterns of technological specialization are viewed as the distribution of technology across sectors, which is the prerequisite and basis for carrying out credible and rational technology development strategy. Data involving the granted Chinese invention patents of 31 provinces during the period of 1985-2010 are collected and classified into technological sectors in accordance with their main International Patent Classification (IPC) to form the Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA) index. Regional patterns of technological specialization across technological sectors are analyzed over different periods with RTA index. Furthermore, the patterns during the period of 2001-2010 for 31 provinces are evaluated, which will provide the guidance for the policy of technology development of theses provinces.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    International technological diffusion: A multiple spillovers channels analysis based on TFP model
    Zhang Huayao, Wang Ciyu
    2012, (10): 17-25. 
    Abstract ( 2039 )   PDF (1410KB) ( 2801 )  
    With the deepening of Chinese economics’ internationalization, international technological diffuse has become a hot topic. There are various contradict explanations for different research results. The structure change of model and delay from spillovers lead to that the model separates from practice. The common used Total Factor Productivity (TFP) model is applied to inspect the spillover effects of Chinese import, export, FDI, and Outward-Foreign Direct Investment(OFD) on TFP during a time span from the year of 1985 to 2007. The results show that both domestic R&D investment and FDI have remarkable effects, consisting with the results of former researches. Besides, they also indicate how the structure change of model has led to the import effects that are difficult to explain, and how the delay effect of spillovers has led to indistinct export results. Furthermore, the unremarkable regression results of the inverse knowledge acquisition from abroad for OFDI are a result of efficiency lose, but are not the failure of the theory.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The structure and measurement of team reflexivity in high technology firms
    Zhang Wenqin, Sun Rui
    2012, (10): 26-37,105. 
    Abstract ( 2308 )   PDF (1523KB) ( 3300 )  
    Team reflexivity has been identified as a possible important determinant of team effectiveness. The structure of team reflexivity was explored in China, and the Team Reflexivity Scale (TRS) was developed. After looking up key papers from the cited references, interviews and survey were conducted to obtain items for the TRS. And then, empirical and statistical methods were employed to assess the structure and psychometric properties of the TRS. The exploratory factor analysis shows that team reflexivity contains three dimensions. The three dimension constructs are confirmed by using a confirmatory factor analysis on the confirmation sample with 352 staffs. In both samples, three factors of reflexivity are identified. They are labeled task reflection, process reflection, and action adaptation. And then, the two-level structure of TRS is assessed by means of Multi-level Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MCFA) on all samples, indicating that the three dimension constructs of team reflexivity could be used both at individual and team levels. Statistics from individual and team level shows good psychometric properties for the scale in both studies. It is concluded that the scale forms a valid instrument to assess team reflexivity in high technology firms.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Licensing choice for a nonproductive firm
    Wang Junmei
    2012, (10): 37-47. 
    Abstract ( 2589 )   PDF (1902KB) ( 2799 )  
    A model is developed in which a nonproductive firm decides to license its cost reducing innovation to two firms; these two firms compete with each other on the product market in Stackelberg fashion. It is shown that the optimal choice for patent holder depends on both the licensing contract and the degree of innovation. Specifically, with a fixed-fee contract, the patent holding firm prefers to license its technology to the Stackelberg leader (follower) if the degree of innovation is small (large). With a royalty contract, the patent holder is likely to transfer its technology to two firms. However, with a two-part tariff contract, it is optimal to sell the technology to the market follower. Two-part tariff contract not only produces a maximal licensing profit, but also generates a maximal social welfare, the fact implies that the licensing decision of the patent holder achieves at Pareto optimal.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The political connections and R&D of private enterprises basedon the perspective of marketization degree
    Jiang Yawen, Huang Yan, Xu Wen
    2012, (10): 48-55. 
    Abstract ( 2332 )   PDF (1211KB) ( 2991 )  
    The relationships between private enterprise’s political connections and their investments on R&D among different regions of China with diverse marketization degree are focused on. Using the investment climate survey conducted by World Bank in China and controlling a series of relative factors, the following findings are obtained: (1) the political connected private enterprises are more likely to conduct R&D activities than non-political connected companies; (2) the lower the marketization degree and the more backward economic development a region is, the more noticeable the effect mentioned above is.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Comparative analysis on national design system and its implications
    Guo Wen, Zhang Hongyun
    2012, (10): 56-63. 
    Abstract ( 2182 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 2356 )  
    Design has already become the main focus of national strategy for acquiring industrial competitiveness and national advantage in competition. The policy for promoting design services has become an important part of national innovation policy among developed countries. National Design System (NDS) has been proposed by scholars from two aspects: One is main body related with design activities; the other is activities promoting design industry development. Based on the analysis on NDS with Finland and South Korea, the road map for the design system in China is described. Furthermore, the comparative analysis on NDS among Finland, South Korea, and China are conducted so as to explore the problem of main body missing and function deficiency of design system in China. Finally, the implications and policy suggestion are discussed.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The influential factors of manufacturing firms’ servitization based on service innovation
    Qu Wan, Mu Rongping, Li Minglu
    2012, (10): 64-71. 
    Abstract ( 2301 )   PDF (1210KB) ( 2631 )  
    Based on the dimensions of service innovation and value migration, firstly the servitization process of manufacturing firms is described, and then a model is puts forward to analyze the influential factors of servitization in manufacturing firms. After that, Daimler’s Car2go project is introduced as an empirical study to verify the factor model with the aim to provide some inspiration for Chinese enterprises. The research shows that service innovation, customer needs, technology progress, and macro environment greatly influence the ability to creation new value, and promote the servitization process of manufacturing firms.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The relationship between enterprise resource, dynamic capabilities, and innovation
    Lin Ping
    2012, (10): 72-79. 
    Abstract ( 2139 )   PDF (943KB) ( 2497 )  
    The relationship between dynamic capabilities and innovation is a black box. Drawing from both the resource-based view and the dynamic capability perspective, the different roles played by a firm’s resource stock and dynamic capabilities in the process of firm innovation are theoretically explored and empirically examined. The electronic information enterprises in Fujian Province are taken as research targets. Samples are collected by using questionnaire as a data collection tool. After the empirical study on these samples by using factor analysis, structural equation model, etc, the results indicate that the resource directly affect dynamic capabilities and dynamic capabilities directly affect innovation. Additionally, it is also found that the relationship between resource stock and innovation is mediated by dynamic capabilities. That is, merely possessing well-endowed resource is not sufficient for innovation in the hypercompetitive environment. The dynamic capability to renew and reconfigured its resources and capabilities and align them with the changing environment is of vital importance to the firm dynamically and constantly innovations.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The optimal R&D investment and subsidy under the perspective of emission reduction
    Song Zhijie, Sun Qilong
    2012, (10): 80-89. 
    Abstract ( 2137 )   PDF (1280KB) ( 2554 )  
    On the basis of game theory, an enterprise R&D model under conditions of R&D subsidy and pollution emission tax has been constructed. With the goal of emission reduction, optimal R&D level, optimal R&D subsidy, and optimal pollution emission tax for the enterprises are studied. The research results show that appropriate emission tax is of benefit to the improvement of the R&D investment and output of enterprises; the R&D subsidy is able to eliminate the effect of push aside and improve the R&D investment greatly. The environment pollution must be controlled in the scope of social acceptable; otherwise, the enterprise production activities will be ultimately stopped by the government.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The influential factors of the knowledge spillover of trans-nationalcompany’s subsidiary in a cluster area
    Wang Lei
    2012, (10): 90-96. 
    Abstract ( 2013 )   PDF (953KB) ( 2470 )  
    Based on cross-sectional data of (Information Communication Technology) ICT cluster of Pudong District, Shanghai, The influential factors of the knowledge spillover of Trans-National Companies (TNC’s) subsidiary in a cluster area are empirically researched. The result indicates that the embeddedness and independence of TNC’s subsidiary, the relations between TNC and Chinese native enterprises have the significantly positive influence on the knowledge spillover of TNC’s subsidiary. In order to boost the knowledge spillover of TNC’s subsidiary, the measures must be taken to accelerate the embeddedness of TNC’s subsidiary, consolidate the relations between TNCs and Chinese native enterprises, make subsidiary becoming a network node of the cluster.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The impact of incentive, attitude toward colleagues, and personal culture on the knowledge sharing
    Zhang Xiaodong, Zhu Min
    2012, (10): 97-105. 
    Abstract ( 2263 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 2822 )  
    Knowledge sharing promotes employees to update their knowledge and innovation, enhance enterprise competitiveness, and increase business performance. In the past, the researches on knowledge sharing depend on the application and support of information technology to carry on. However, now there is growing recognition that knowledge sharing is a really complex management system. The three elements, that is, incentive mechanism, attitude toward colleagues, and personal culture, have been analyzed to empirically research their influence on the knowledge sharing. According to the establishment of background and material of experiments, two different management scenarios have been carried out. In the scenario one, the explicit knowledge has been shared by all members of the organization via the information systems platform. In the scenarios two, through mutual exchange, the tacit knowledge has been shared by some members of the organization. Based on the analysis of experiments data, the following results could be presented: knowledge sharing could be seem as a kind of assessment standard and special sharing which is able to increasingly improve employees’ training-skills and knowledge; The attitude toward my colleagues has a significant impact on knowledge sharing; Horizontal collectivism individual culture are positively related to knowledge sharing. On the basis of the above conclusions, some management implications and recommendations are proposed in the end.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The impact of government support and market uncertainty onuniversity-industry knowledge transfer efficiency
    Yuan Changhong, Zhao Wenhong, Zhou Linhai
    2012, (10): 106-113. 
    Abstract ( 2187 )   PDF (906KB) ( 2733 )  
    The multilevel approach is used to address the question of how governmental support and market uncertainty influence the university-industry knowledge transfer efficiency during the transition period. A multilevel model of university-industry knowledge transfer efficiency that accounts for transition context is developed. Results reveal that university-level and city-level factors predict the efficiency of university-industry knowledge transfer. It is found that both city-level governmental support and market uncertainty have a positive moderating effect on the relationship of efficiency for university-level knowledge transfer.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The mechanism of leader-member exchange effect on organizationalcitizenship behavior of knowledge workers
    Zeng Chuikai
    2012, (10): 114-121,137. 
    Abstract ( 2098 )   PDF (1552KB) ( 2600 )  
    In the era of knowledge economy, it is important for the leaders of enterprises to enhance the level of organizational citizenship behavior for knowledge workers. Previous studies have revealed the positive effectiveness of Leader-Member eXchange (LMX) on organizational citizenship behavior of the employees, but its mechanism was seldom paid close attention to. The data from the surveys of 396 knowledge workers in China’s high-tech enterprises were analyzed to explore whether attitudes toward job play a mediating role in the effecting process of LMX on organizational citizenship behavior. Results show that LMX has the more significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior of knowledge workers than that of general staff. The attitudes toward job partially mediate the relation between LMX and organizational citizenship behavior. Based on the perspective of attitudes toward job, the major innovation point is disclosing the mechanism of the effect of LMX on organizational citizenship behavior for knowledge workers.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The regional risk of Chinese resource-typed OFDI from institutional perspective
    Chen Feiqiong, Wang Xuanzi
    2012, (10): 121-128. 
    Abstract ( 1978 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 2903 )  
    In order to explain the international political dilemma of Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) from China, especially considering the sensitivity of resource-typed investment, institutional development level is combined with bilateral political relationship and resource diversification for reexamining the regional risk. By using intelligent clustering method and AHP model, an analysis on institution, political sensitivity, and resource diversification capability of 44 host countries with the major investment from China is given to estimate the interactive effect. And the result indicates that Chinese resource-typed OFDI in the countries with different institutional development level is affected by different risk factors, the political sensitivity between two counties plays a very significant role. It is suggested that Chinese investors should focus on the unexpected risks caused by political sensitivity in the countries with high institution development level, in the meanwhile fully assess the risks from economic and social scope as well as resource diversification in the countries with low institution development level.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The impact of venture capital firms’ network positionon the mechanism for their successful exit
    Dang Xinghua, Dong Jianwei, Yang Minli
    2012, (10): 129-137. 
    Abstract ( 2236 )   PDF (934KB) ( 2684 )  
    Researches have shown that venture capital firms’ network position has a significant influence on their successful exit, however the mechanism of this influence has not yet been revealed. On the basis of Heckman model, a two-step model is constructed to study this influence. In the first place, the inverse Mills ratio is calculated by the first-step selection model, and then the inverse Mills ratio is introduced into the second-step regression model in order to separate the effect of venture selection and value-added services, respectively from the overall influences of venture capital firms’ network position on their successful exit. With the data of Zero2IPO Database from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009, it is found that venture capital firms standing on a vantage point in co-investment network not only could select high-quality ventures, but also could provide high-quality value-added services to them, therefore they are able to achieve a higher ratio of successful exit.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The relationship among residents’ perceptions of tourism impact, attitude,and their participation behavior
    Lu Xiaoli
    2012, (10): 138-144. 
    Abstract ( 2466 )   PDF (964KB) ( 2449 )  
    The development of tourism has led to an extensive impact on the tourism destination communities, and local residents are the main recipients of those impacts. Understanding the residents’ perception of tourism impact and encouraging them to participate in the activities of tourism are the most effective means to increase the positive tourism impact and reduce the negative tourism impact. The structural model involving residents’ perception of tourism impact and their attitude and participation behavior in ecotourism development is tested. The model consists of four latent constructs and five path hypotheses, and is based on 457 face to face questionnaires returned by residents in three ecotourism communities of Dalian that is one of the three best tourism cities in China. It is found that residents’ positive perception toward ecotourism has a significant positive impact on residents’ attitude toward ecotourism development and their participation behavior. The residents’ negative perception toward ecotourism has an insignificant impact on residents’ attitude toward ecotourism development; however, it has a significant positive impact on residents’ participation behavior. In conclusion, residents’ participation behavior is positively affected by their attitude toward the development of ecotourism.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Prospect theory of patents and its criticism
    He Yudong
    2012, (10): 145-150. 
    Abstract ( 1893 )   PDF (845KB) ( 2661 )  
    In order to reduce the repetitive investment in the competition for subsequent improvements to the patented technology, the prospect theory implies that widening patents scope is necessary for the initial inventors. On the contrary, the post-invention competition theory suggests that narrowing patent scope could retain more incentives for subsequent improvements. Rent dissipation theory proposes that invention competition prior to the granting of broad patents would probably result in rent dissipation; it has not been paid the adequate attention by prospect theory. It is suggested that although prospect theory has dominated the academic research on patent scope as well as patent policy in some countries, new factors and perspectives should be considered for pursuing optimal patent scope in order to promote the innovation in the new fields of technology.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The internal relation mechanism between time pressure andinformation searching for promotion decision making
    Lu Changbao, Yu Ranhai, Cao Hongjun
    2012, (10): 151-160. 
    Abstract ( 1998 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 2924 )  
    The date of expiration for sales promotion will force consumers to achieve the cognitive closure in a short period of time. While the model excludes subjective time pressure (perception of opportunity cost), both individual time constrains and promotion time restrictions (objective time pressure) will cause consumers to depend on heuristics. Under this condition, promotion time restrictions will affect information searching for promotion decision making even stronger. The reference dependent points of consumers will generally focus on the brand experience and product price knowledge in order to meet their needs for cognitive closure. While the model includes subjective time pressure and selects it as a mediator, the manners of information searching for consumers will split. Under this condition, consumers will not only depend on heuristics, but also take necessary information searching and learning (rational thinking) into account. To a great extent, the study has testified that there is an internal relation between time pressure and information searching for promotion decision making, i.e., the information searching by consumers will prefer heuristics for meeting a demand for cognitive closure.
    References | Related Articles | Metrics