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27 August 2013, Volume 34 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on relationship between enterprise network ability,innovation structure and complex product system innovation Ran Long, Chen Jin, Dong Fuquan 2013, 34(8): 1-8.  Abstract ( 1600 )   PDF (1173KB) ( 2975 )   With the increase of China's infrastructure investment and the advance of modern industrial system, the innovation of the complex product system has attracted great attention from both the Chinese Government and the academia. By selecting Puzhen Company as the subject of research on the innovation process spanning from 1949 to 2012, this paper obtains the following conclusions:the innovation of the complex product system co-evolves from the enterprise network ability, innovation structure and innovation mode of such system and shows the multi-phase characteristics of self-organization, namely:(1) in the fluctuation stage:the system enterprise forms the structure conducive to the exploitative innovation mode by means of the network ability; (2) in the slaving stage:the system enterprise forms the structure conducive to the exploratory innovation mode by means of the network ability; (3) in the phase transition stage:the system enterprise forms the co-structure, both exploitative and exploratory, by means of the network ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on impact of political connections of Chinese private listed companies on R&D activities Kang Hua, Wang Luping, Yang Liuqing 2013, 34(8): 9-16.  Abstract ( 1662 )   PDF (936KB) ( 2436 )   This paper investigates the impact of political connection of the Chinese private listed companies on their R&D activities by using the data of 599 publicly listed Chinese companies in the period of 2005-2009. The empirical study shows that the political connections of Chinese private companies are conducive to the R&D activities and that the political connections of the companies in different locations may have different impact on the R&D activities. This finding shows that the political connections of the companies in the transitional economic body may significantly affect the company operation, which means the political connections are complementary to the market mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Knowledge transfer, technological achievement protectionand innovation in the technology strategic alliances Yang Zhenning, Li Jingjing 2013, 34(8): 17-26.  Abstract ( 1725 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 3074 )   The technology-based enterprise obtains the technological innovation knowledge by means of two ways:firstly, the knowledge accumulation and creation through the internal process of the enterprise; and secondly, the knowledge exchange, the sharing and transfer of knowledge by establishing the technology strategic alliance through the external process of the enterprise. The enterprises establish the technology strategic alliance to obtain economic gains in the knowledge transfer process, but the independence of the enterprises in the Alliance and the particularity of knowledge compel the enterprises to consider the protection of the intellectual property rights. Through the literature review, questionnaire survey and the statistical analysis process, the study discovers that a special "competition and cooperation" relationship exists in the Technology Strategic Alliance, and the enterprises may promote their innovation performance from the knowledge transfer and exchange by forming such alliance with either their competitors or the non-beneficial organizations. Moreover, in the process of cooperation with the Technology Strategic Alliance, the enterprises may adopt the legal or competitive protection measures for the technological achievements and carry on the management practices for the intellectual property rights to maintain the enterprise's core competency and promote the enterprise's innovation effects. This kind of technological achievement protection is more effective in the process of the knowledge transfer when the enterprises are forming the technology strategic alliance with the competitive markets. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of network strength and knowledge transfer on innovation performance of cluster enterprises Jiang Tianying, Wang Zhengyan, Zhang Yiqing 2013, 34(8): 27-34.  Abstract ( 2110 )   PDF (958KB) ( 2866 )   Based on the literature review, this paper builds up a theory model which studies the relationships between the network strength, the knowledge transfer and the innovation performance of cluster enterprises, and conducts an empirical testing to the enterprises in the five industrial clusters in Zhejiang Province. The study results show that the network strength has a significantly positive impact on the innovation performance of cluster enterprises whereas the knowledge transfer plays a totally intermediary role between the network strength and the innovation performance of cluster enterprises. Furthermore, this paper introduces the cluster type, a control variable, through which it is found out that the testing results vary in different types of clusters. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on relationship between the entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and the team effectiveness Fan Chuanhao, Wang Jigan 2013, 34(8): 35-41.  Abstract ( 1682 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 2636 )   Many factors in the external environment cause uncertainty for high-tech entrepreneurships. Existing research does not give a reasonable explanation on "what kind of entrepreneurial teams are more likely to be effective". This paper studies relationship between entrepreneurial teams heterogeneity and team effectiveness through quantitative and qualitative research method and does some path analyses. Researches are conducted to the empirical data of 806 samples by using the case study method and the results reveal that the entrepreneurial team heterogeneity effects team efficiency distinctly. Heterogeneity is only one kind of static expression and once an entrepreneurial team is formed, such elements as the general demographic attributes and the education background which social identities are shown longer period are settled. If an entrepreneurial team has already been formed, it means commitment of social identities of the team is above a certain level, and then during the process of entrepreneurship, the short-term effects of entrepreneurship experience, social identities, work values will be activated to affect indirectly and positively the efficiency of the entrepreneurial team. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on action mechanism between patent acquisition, patent protection,patent commercialization and technological innovation performance Cao Yong, Zhao Li 2013, 34(8): 42-52.  Abstract ( 2072 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 3186 )   The role of patents has changed from defensive tool into strategic tool in high-tech enterprises; thus, patents are becoming more and more important in the operation of enterprises. According to the 363 valid samples collected from 118 high-tech enterprises, from the resource-based view and by use of the structural equation model, this paper explores empirically the action mechanism between enterprises' patent acquisition (PA), patent protection (PP), patent commercialization (PC) and technological innovation performance (TIP), and then examines the mediating roles of PC between PA, PP and TIP. The research results show that PA has a positive effect on PP and PC; PP has a positive effect on PC; and PA, PP and PC all have a positive effect on TIP; while PC plays a partial mediating effect on the relationship between PA and TIP and PC plays a complete mediating effect on the relationship between PP and TIP. This study not only expands the academic research fields on patent and TIP, but also provides practical underpinning to the enhancement of TIP in high-tech enterprises through committing targeted patent management under open innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of R&D investment structure on growth and optimal intensity of basic research Huang Ping 2013, 34(8): 53-57.  Abstract ( 1625 )   PDF (925KB) ( 3070 )   With respect to the defect of previous study that attention has only been given to the total amount of the R&D investment but not to the R&D investment structure and the basic research intensity, the paper sets up an endogenous economic growth model through revising the MRW model and decomposing R&D investment into the basic research and the non-basic research, and examines empirically the effects of R&D investment structure on the regional economic growth using the data of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 1998 to 2010. The study results show that the proportion between the basic research and the non-basic research increases by 1%, the economic growth rises by 0.08%-0.12%, and the R&D investment structure plays an important role on the economic growth. To promote the economic growth, while increasing its R&D investment, China should increase the basic research investment and optimize its share in the R&D to achieve the optimal configuration of the R&D. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic capabilities evolution of the manufacturers of complex products and systems：A longitudinal case study Su Jingqin, Liu Jing 2013, 34(8): 58-67.  Abstract ( 1724 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 2731 )   Based on the longitudinal case study of Dalian Locomotive, a large-scale key state-owned enterprise from 1986 to 2010, the paper examines the changes of three dimensions of the dynamic capabilities, including the market perception capability, the multi-organization collaborative control capability and the organization, study and assimilation capability, which will influence the innovation of the complex product system (CoPS) in the three-stage internationalization process. The study shows that (1) the evolution of the dynamic capabilities is on the rise with the enterprises' development and growth; (2) the three capability dimensions have different leading roles in the dynamic capability composition during different stages of the internationalization process of the product innovation; and (3) the three capability dimensions have different change trends and speeds during different stages of the internationalization process of the product innovation. The research in this paper extends the understanding of the connotation and evolution of the dynamic capabilities, and also has some enlightening significance in the product innovation of the enterprises with the CoPS. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on relationship between industrial technological catch-up mode and performance in backward countries Liu Jianxin, Wang Yi 2013, 34(8): 68-74.  Abstract ( 1902 )   PDF (959KB) ( 2728 )   This paper adopts "the multi-case study approach through the establishment of theory", collects data via interviews, documents, field observations and other methods, and conducts the data triangulation. China's TV set manufacturers followed the same catching-up pathway, namely to catch up by importing mature product technology form abroad and it is the typical "single pathway" technology catching-up mode. In the initial period of China's telecommunication equipment industrial technology catching-up, while introducing from abroad the advanced equipment and the production line, the Chinese enterprises and research institutes (which are transformed into enterprises) made early independent R&D of products (the imitative innovation), thus forming a unique catch-up mode of the industrial technology, including the entry catch-up by developing independently the high-end products, the initiation catch-up by developing independently the low-end products, the initiation catch-up by introducing the production lines for high-end products and other catch-up pathways, and it is a typical "multiple pathway" technology catching-up mode. This paper measures the performance of the above two typical technology catching-up modes from the following two aspects:1) the quantity of patents for the key enterprises in the industry; and 2) the subjective assessment of the experts and scholars in the industry. Based on the comparisons and analyses, it is believed that the technology catch-up performance of the telecommunication equipment industry is significantly higher than that of the television set industry. And on the basis of these studies, the main findings in this paper are as follows:in the context of the rapid technological changes and the poor bases of the technological competence of the backward countries, the "multiple pathway" technology catching-up mode is likely to bring higher technological catching-up performance compared with the "single pathway" technology catching-up mode. This theoretical proposition contributes to compensate for the deficiency of the theories of "the catching-up in sequence" and "the catching-up by leapfrogging". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Manufacturer’s anti-replication strategies and government’s regulation policy under the influence of piracy Deng Liusheng, Zhang Xumei 2013, 34(8): 75-81.  Abstract ( 1529 )   PDF (951KB) ( 2572 )   Aiming at the problem that pirate products may have the same quality and prices with the genuine products in real life, this paper uses the optimization method of the game theory to establish a two-stage Stackelberg output game model composed of the genuine manufacturer, the pirate manufacturer and the government in the information market, analyzes the market equilibriums when the genuine manufacturer adopts different anti-replication strategies, and studies the government's optimal supervision policy and the genuine manufacturer's strategy choice under the circumstances where the social welfare is maximized. The research indicates that the relationship between the genuine manufacturer and government's anti-piracy efforts is like a game, in which when the genuine manufacturer toughly prevents the pirate manufacturer from entering the market, the government will choose to free-ride or slacken the supervision, but when the genuine manufacturer chooses to tolerate the pirate action moderately, the government will actively strengthen the supervision. As a genuine manufacturer, it is always beneficial to take the anti-replication strategy. And the government should encourage genuine manufacturers to reinforce their anti-replication technology and strengthen their cooperation with the genuine manufacturer to fight against piracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on technology renovation investments and product cost advantage-Based on the perspective of technology life cycle and process innovation Xu Xin 2013, 34(8): 82-89.  Abstract ( 1417 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 2625 )   Based on the theories of technology life cycle and process innovation, this paper deeply explores the relationship between the technology renovation investment and the product cost using the Chinese manufacturing listed companies for the period 2002-2008 as research samples. It is found out upon research that the technology renovation investment can effectively reduce the product cost so as to improve the company performance. Technology renovation investments have a significant leverage effects to reduce product costs. On average, the increase of 1 yuan in technology renovation investment can reduce the sale cost by 9.0813 yuan correspondingly, so the technology renovation investment has an obvious leverage effect on the reduction of the sale cost. In addition, the technology renovation investment has a positive influence on the future trend of the product cost. Moreover, the technology renovation investment can significantly increase the range of variation in the operating cost reduction and alleviate effectively the trend of the sale cost growth. The conclusion of this paper provides not only a new perspective and evidence for the economic consequence of the technology renovation investment, but also some valuable decision-making basis and policy-making suggestions for deepening the enterprise independent innovation and allocating the innovation resources rationally. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical analysis of China’s manufacturing outsourcing and its influencing factors Zhang Li, Bao Xiaohua 2013, 34(8): 90-97.  Abstract ( 1665 )   PDF (901KB) ( 2869 )   Based on the data of the industry, China and the trade, this paper analyzes empirically China's manufacturing outsourcing and its influencing factors. The study results indicate that the Chinese manufacturing outsourcing is influenced by the industry characteristic factor, the national characteristic factor and the inter-state relation characteristic factor, and it is more involved in capital-intensive tasks. On the other hand, though the capital and technology intensive industry have a high level of outsourcing, they are more inclined to outsource labor-intensive tasks. In addition, the states with the thicker market will be selected for the production to save the search cost. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions on relevant policies based on these study results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of entrepreneurial strategies on organizational performance：An analysis of mediation effect Tian Xiaoming, Jiang Li, Jiang Qinfeng 2013, 34(8): 98-105.  Abstract ( 1744 )   PDF (925KB) ( 2378 )   Previous research suggested that entrepreneurial strategies have a positive role in improving the organizational performance, but the mechanism for the role is not clear. This paper adopts the empirical approach to explore the mediating factors on the relationship between entrepreneurial strategies and organizational performance, namely operational capabilities and social communications. The results of a questionnaire survey conducted to 361 companies indicate that entrepreneurial strategies have a positive effect on the organizational performance. Specifically, operational capabilities have a mediating effect on the competitive strategy and the organizational performance whereas social communications have a mediating effect on the community strategy and the organization performance. The present study is helpful to our understanding of the process of the effects of the entrepreneurial strategies on the organizational performance and the study results will provide a significant reference for the entrepreneurial practices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of emotional intelligence on employee creativity Duan Jinyun, Tian Xiaoming, Wang Xianhui 2013, 34(8): 106-114.  Abstract ( 1992 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 2894 )   The employee creativity is a key topic which concerns the sources of organizational core competence. This paper intends to investigate the influence of the employee emotional intelligence on the employee creativity and the regulating effects of the enterprise human resource strategy and the employee innovative characters on this relationship. By adopting the approach of random sampling to 340 valid samples, the study finds out that:(1) the employ emotional intelligence (EEI), the employee creative characters (ECC), the enterprise investment innovative strategy and the involvement cultivation strategy have an obvious positive effect on the employee creativity; (2) a further analysis of the above three interactive factors reveals that the adoption of the investment innovative and improvement of the employee creative characters have an enhancing impact on the relationship between the employee emotional intelligence and the employee creativity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on relationship strength and performance of new enterprisesin different stages of development Shen Jia, Li Xueling, Ma Wenjie 2013, 34(8): 115-122.  Abstract ( 1522 )   PDF (914KB) ( 2363 )   The relationship network plays a vital role in the survival and growth of new enterprises. Based on the questionnaire surveys and the typical case study of the new enterprises in dozens of cities in China, this paper examines the impacts of the government and market relationship strength on the performance of new enterprises in their different stages of development. The study shows that the market relationship has a positive impact on the performance of the new enterprises in the period of their establishment and growth whereas the government relationship has no significant impact on the performance of the new enterprises in the establishment stage, but has a positive impact in the growth period. This suggests that during the transition of China's economy, although the structural network of the government relationship and the market relationship still exist, the market relationship plays more significant roles than the government relationship in different stages of the enterprise development, so the entrepreneurs should take up a more pragmatic attitude to carry out the market operations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DEA-Based evaluation of variable resources utilization efficiency of AMT project Chen Yehua, Li Xiaoqing 2013, 34(8): 123-129.  Abstract ( 1549 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 2474 )   The evaluation of variable resource utilization efficiency is important to optimize the investment to advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) projects. With respect to the AMT project featuring in large investment leading to many outputs,this paper analyzes various factors which affect the variable resource utilization efficiency of the AMT project and establishes the evaluation index system of the variable resource utilization efficiency. In addition, this paper utilizes the DEA approach to build up the evaluation model of the AMT project resources utilization efficiency. By solving the model, we get the overall state of the variable resources utilization efficiency and the amount of variable resources to be input so as to achieve the best resources utilization rate. Meanwhile, the paper will, pursuant to the results of the sensitivity analysis, enumerate several important factors which affect the utilization efficiency of the enterprise variable resources, and provide some constructive suggestions for companies developing the AMT. Finally, the paper verifies the validity and feasibility of the model approach by adopting the case study method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Governance of information technology outsourcing relationships：the impact of clients’ innovation intent Mei Shu'e, Xie Gang 2013, 34(8): 130-138.  Abstract ( 1590 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 2609 )   In order to explore how the IT-outsourcing enterprises with different innovation intents apply the contractual governance and the relational mechanism to manage their relations with the service providers, this paper will, based on an view of the transaction cost economics and the relational exchange theory, construct a research model which attempts to analyze the impact of the innovation intent on the relationships between two governance mechanisms and service quality and on the relationships between the assets specificity and the governance mechanisms. The model is empirically tested using data collected from 220 enterprises. The results suggest that the supplier's assets specificity will enable the enterprises to strengthen both the contractual governance and the relational mechanism whereas the outsourcer's assets specificity will enable the enterprises to strengthen the relational mechanism. When supplier's assets specificity increases, the innovation-oriented enterprises and the non-innovation-oriented enterprises will both strengthen the relational mechanism, but the former is more inclined to strengthen the contractual governance than the latter is. Relational mechanism plays a more important role on promoting the service quality in innovation-oriented enterprises than in non-innovation-oriented ones. However, the contractual governance plays the same important role in both type of enterprises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors of urban residents’ energy use behavior Sun Yan, Feng Lifang, Pang Arong 2013, 34(8): 139-146.  Abstract ( 1653 )   PDF (938KB) ( 2286 )   On the basis of a systematic literature review, this paper studies three types of influencing variables of urban residents' energy use behavior (EUB), including the individual psychology, social condition and family characteristics, and from the perspective of the behavioral developing process, examines different effects of the above three variables on the Chinese urban residents' EUB from such two stages as the intention and implementation. Based on a questionnaire survey to 583 urban residents, the results show that the individual psychological and social conditional variables correlate significantly with EUB while only the average monthly disposable income in the family characteristic variables correlates with EUB significantly; and in the stage of the EUB intent, the individual psychological variables have the most powerful influence whereas in the stage of the EUB implementation, the social conditional variables have the most powerful influence. Finally, the relevant countermeasures are presented in the paper to improve the EUB of urban residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on real estate companies’ debt financing efficiency based on the three-stage DEA model Lin Yu, Qiu Yu, Gao Qingping 2013, 34(8): 147-157.  Abstract ( 1875 )   PDF (1013KB) ( 2703 )   Based on the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, and focusing on the evaluation of debt financing efficiency of a sample of 39 real estate companies which are listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges and which are randomly selected from the 1st-tier, 2nd-tier and 3rd-tier cities, this paper isolates the environmental factors influencing the input variables and studies the debt financing efficiency of each company under the regulatory policies to the real estate companies. The study results show that the listed sample companies' technical efficiency of debt financing has somewhat improved compared with the figure obtained before the input variables are adjusted; that the uneven level of listed real estate companies' pure technical efficiency of debt financing in China shows obvious difference; and that 76.92% of the companies' are in the state of decreasing the returns to scale which can be improved by narrowing the scale of debt financing, and thus their debt financing efficiency can be enhanced to a certain extent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Iron ore resource strategy and mining and metallurgical engineering management—Engineering philosophic ideas about “Five Grades Linkage” mode Shao Anlin 2013, 34(8): 158-164.  Abstract ( 1583 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 2807 )   China has great iron ore reserves but most of them are lean ores. Subject to the restrictions of the beneficiation technology and engineering management mode, the resource utilization level was very low which put our iron and steel industry under the control of others. Guided by the idea of the engineering philosophy, Ansteel established the "Five Grades Linkage" engineering management mode which captured the exploitation of lean iron ores, a world-wide difficult problem and made billions of tons of ore to be exploited. Under such engineering management mode, Ansteel has also implemented the "self-sufficiency-based" resource strategy to increase the proportion of the home ores and to control the price of imported iron ores so that a sound support will be given to build the national resource strategy security system. References | Related Articles | Metrics