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27 September 2013, Volume 34 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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How Service Modularization Affects Innovation Performance in Professional Service Firms Wei Jiang, Liu Yang, Zhao Jiangqi 2013, 34(9): 1-10.  Abstract ( 1706 )   PDF (1178KB) ( 2441 )   The professional service industry has been set up late but developed rapidly in China due to the popularization of the service modularization to the industry. Then, how has the modularization helped improve the performance of the professional service firms (PSFs) in China? This paper conducts a multiple-case explorative study to four professional service enterprises by introducing the knowledge creation theory into the modularization theory and proposes a function mechanism model of the professional service industry's service modularization on the innovation performance based on the knowledge codification. The study results indicate that the service modularization of PSFs (i.e. the modular self-discipline and the interface standardization) can improve the innovation performance through promotion of the individual knowledge structuring and the enterprise knowledge dominancy (the customer response). This conclusion has solved the discrepancies available in the existing literature and will provide a unique thinking to study the modularization from the perspective of the knowledge management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development trend to study on China’s university-industry-research collaboration based on the co-word analysis Fan Xia, Wu Jin, Ren Changxiang 2013, 34(9): 11-18.  Abstract ( 1958 )   PDF (1188KB) ( 2991 )   This paper explores the focal points and the evolution trend of the university-industry-research collaboration innovation in China by applying the method of co-word analysis. The result shows that the study to China's university-industry-research collaboration innovation is in the growing stage, and the group of the important journals for the relative research has been formed. The research subjects come mostly from the science and engineering or comprehensive universities with good practice basis and quite a number of papers are coauthored by researchers from different organizations. The hot fields of theoretical research feature in the co-evolution of China's science and technology strategic direction and the development characteristics of the university-industry-research collaboration practice. The focal points of the present research are mainly focused on the mode, mechanism, alliance and performance of the university-industry-research collaboration innovation and other areas of research. Besides, the methods of theoretical modeling and the empirical research are becoming the mainstream method and trend in the university-industry-research collaboration innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Connotation and building path for national innovation capability Ren Zhongbao, Qiao Lili 2013, 34(9): 19-26.  Abstract ( 1707 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 2571 )   Nowadays, researchers from home and abroad have conducted comprehensive research on the formation of the innovation capability and influencing factors from such perspectives as the activity, factor, system and stage of the innovation. Generally speaking, the present research achievements lie in the recognition of relevant factors affecting capability formation or the evaluation of capability development level, but involve little such topics as the connotation and epitaxial of national innovation capability as well as the building path. In recent years, the Chinese government decided to formulate the National Innovation Capacity Building Plan, which would guide and propel the whole society to strengthen the building of innovation capability. This also made new request to understand deeply the connotation and epitaxial of national innovation capability and to hold the major tasks of construction. On the basis of systematic summary of all the research achievements, this paper defines the national innovation capacity in combination of China's national condition and deliberates the choice of the path to China's national innovation capability and the major tasks. Based on this, the paper summarizes the research results and the revelation of building the national innovation capability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the modes of open innovation matched with firms’ characteristics Chen Yufen 2013, 34(9): 27-35.  Abstract ( 1830 )   PDF (943KB) ( 3391 )   The open innovation is a trend to the present development, but there is still lack of research on how to implement and manage the open innovation efficiently. Based on the open technical innovation, this paper stresses the essence of complementation and synergy of the internal and external innovation resources and proposes the modes of openness to be adopted by enterprises with different characteristics in combination with the key innovation resources owned by different external organizations, and tests such modes with solid evidence. The research manifests that openness does improve the innovation performance, but there are interaction effects between the enterprise's internal capabilities and different modes of openness. For firms with intensive R&D activities, collaboration with science-based partners will improve innovation performance. For firms with less intensive R&D activities and common manufacturing capabilities, collaboration with horizontal connections will improve innovation performance. For firms with common R&D capabilities, collaboration with technology-related organizations and value chain partners will improve innovation performance. This paper points out that enterprises with different characteristics should select the mode of openness matched with their internal capabilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on enterprise innovation management based on principal-agent model Zheng Yongbiao, Zhang Lei 2013, 34(9): 36-45.  Abstract ( 1613 )   PDF (1397KB) ( 2590 )   The Principal-Agent Theory is a research on incentive contract to promote the agent to fulfill the purpose of the principal in lack of perfect information based on the main tools of the static incentive model and the dynamic incentive model. This paper focuses on how the leaders will motivate the workers to do long-run innovation and improve the policy incentives in the enterprise's dynamic mechanism in the innovation management of the enterprise in lack of some information by light of the principal-agent dynamic model. This paper construct respectively the continuous-time models for the distribution of the employee's efforts in the conventional work and the innovative work under the situations where the moral hazard exists only, and where both the adverse selection and the moral hazard and coexist, and discusses the changes of the optimal incentive contracts under such two circumstances. It is also found out through comparison that the effort level of employees will remain unchanged when the past in irrelevant to the future and they will select the directions of efforts according to their own interests ignoring the innovation of the enterprise. Thus, it is proposed that in the dynamic mechanism of policy motivation in the enterprise innovation, both the past performance and the effort costs of the employees should be included in the performance evaluation system to motivate the workers to adjust their effort levels on innovation at different periods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The integrated effect of executive incentives on technology innovation—Empirical research based on high-tech listed companies Xu Ning, Xu Xiangyi 2013, 34(9): 46-53.  Abstract ( 2008 )   PDF (931KB) ( 3019 )   Organizational control theory under the framework of the innovation economics motivates the evolution of the core problem of corporate governance from "Value Distribution" to "Value Creation". This paper redefines and estimates the effect of executive incentives from the dimensions of promoting technological innovation, and conducts an empirical research on the relationship between monetary incentive, equity incentive and control rights incentive and their integrated effect on technology innovation by using the balanced Panel Data from 2007~2010 of Chinese high-tech listed companies. The research result shows that the duel moderating effects of monetary incentive and control rights incentive, equity incentive have a positive effect on the technology innovation. Specifically, there is a complementary relationship between monetary incentive and equity incentive and there is a substitutive relationship between control rights incentive and equity incentive. Therefore, orientated by the technological innovation, a Chinese high-tech company should establish an integration system with executive incentives featuring strengthened equity incentive, stable monetary incentive and weakened control rights incentive. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transboundary search strategy and product innovation during economic transitions Zhang Wenhong, Zhao Yapu 2013, 34(9): 54-63.  Abstract ( 2255 )   PDF (1149KB) ( 2529 )   Previous researches on the relationship between the transboundary search and innovation focus on the transboundary search of the technological knowledge, ignoring the effects of the transboundary search of the market knowledge. By using an original data set of 270 manufacturing firms in China, this study aims to examine the impacts of the transboundary search of the technological knowledge and the market knowledge on the product innovation during economic transitions and discusses the modulatory effects of two important situational variables, namely the industry competitive intensity and the ownership type. The results show that (1) the transboundary search of the technological knowledge and the market knowledge can both promote the product innovation; and (2) the industry competitive intensity and the ownership type moderate the above relationship. Specially, with the enhancing industry competitive intensity, the impact of the transboundary search of the technological knowledge on the product innovation is increasing while the impact of the transboundary search of the market knowledge on the product innovation is decreasing. In comparison, the relationship between the transboundary search of the market knowledge and the product innovation is weaker for foreign-invested firms than for domestic-invested firms. However, there is no significant difference on the relationship between the transboundary search of the technological knowledge and the product innovation for them. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on manufacturers’ collecting and remanufacturing the closed-loop supply chain model based on the game theory Li Xinran, Mu Zongyu, Song Zhicheng 2013, 34(9): 64-71.  Abstract ( 1865 )   PDF (1477KB) ( 3024 )   In a manufacturers' collecting and remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) which is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer, in consideration of the Nash equilibrium game existing among the system members, the Stackelberg game led by the manufacturers, the Stackelberg game led by the retailers and other right relations, this paper studies and compares the pricing decisions and profits problem of the three decentralized decision-making CLSC models. The research results indicate that: in the markets led by manufacturers, the retail price of the retailers has a positive correlation with the wholesale price of the products obtained; in the markets led by the retailers, the manufacturers' wholesale price and return rate have a negative correlation with the retail price of the retailers; the potential expected income of the recovered products is the driving factor for the recovery activities. In the decentralized decision-making CLSC, when there is no leader in the market, the consumers will get most profit and the CLSC is more favorable to the resources consumption. Moreover, both the manufacturer and the retailer have the motivation to be leaders, and they will get more power, bargaining capacity and profits. In comparison, in the centralized decision-making CLSC, the retail price is lowest, the return rate and total channel profits are highest. Finally, we design the revenue sharing contract to coordinate the three decentralized decision-making CLSC models. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the influence of focal firm spin-offs imposed on entrepreneurial cluster formation Li Xiaokang, Hu Bei 2013, 34(9): 72-80.  Abstract ( 1794 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 2788 )   The paper introduces the concept of "focal firm spin-off entrepreneurship" and sets up the spin-offs entrepreneurship model focusing on the fostering of entrepreneurial competency as the central link. On the basis of literature review, a qualitative analysis is conducted with the case study verification and it argues that the focal firm spin-offs play a key dynamic role in creating the new industry-related firms and pushing the eventual formation of the enterprise clusters. An explanatory model of cluster formation is constructed, which characterizes the focal spin-offs entrepreneurship as the core mechanism and based on such model, a suggestion is proposed on the policy to promote the regional economy growth and innovation development through an entrepreneurship -cluster approach. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing mechanism of organizational elements on growth performance of new ventures Liu Jingjian, Shi Jinyan 2013, 34(9): 81-88.  Abstract ( 1818 )   PDF (885KB) ( 3182 )   How do organization-level elements as antecedents influence the growth of new ventures? This paper takes innovation as a key mediating variable and explores its antecedents and consequences, and then uncovers the key factors influencing the growth performance of new ventures. By presenting the logical proposition and defining variables and using questionnaires and structure equation model (SEM) methods, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the data on 273 new ventures. The results show that innovation is helpful to promote the new venture's growth performance, and the learning culture plays a key role in improving the absorptive capacity and innovation, which highlights the positive role of such "soft" factors as the atmosphere and culture on the growth performance. Finally, the paper summarizes the main conclusions and makes several suggestions on the early growth of new ventures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of R&D input and output effects in export enterprises：based on enterprises’ technological innovation census data in Jiangsu Province Li Qiang 2013, 34(9): 89-96.  Abstract ( 1570 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 3086 )   With two-level CES production function model, the paper analyzes Jiangsu enterprises' R&D data, and studies whether the R&D contribution of export enterprises is different from that of non-export enterprises and whether the R&D contribution of the export or non-export enterprises varies due to the difference of production, area, firm scale and category. The study result shows that the export enterprises' R&D input-output contribution is significantly higher than that of the non-export enterprises, that the non-R&D input-output contribution is greater than the R&D input-output contribution for some industries, and that the R&D capital input-output contribution is greater than the R&D labor input-output contribution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the influencing factors of private enterprise innovation performance-from the perspective of the entrepreneurial confidence Yu Haiyun, Zhao Zengyao, Li Xiaozhong 2013, 34(9): 97-104.  Abstract ( 1981 )   PDF (964KB) ( 3119 )   Confidence is an important factor that affects the behavior of the subject which participates in the micro-economic activities. From the perspective of entrepreneurial confidence, this paper applies the structural equation model to analyze empirically the key factors and the interaction of these factors which influence the innovation performance of 208 private enterprises. The analysis results show that the entrepreneurial confidence, innovation strategy, resources and capabilities will directly influence the innovation performance and the entrepreneurial confidence plays an intermediary role in regulating the relationship among innovation strategies, resources and capabilities, and innovation performance. Such regulating role implies that entrepreneurial confidence could alleviate the negative impact of lack of resources and low technical capacity on the innovation performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Empowerment climate, psychological empowerment climate and employee’s psychological empowerment Lin Meizhen 2013, 34(9): 105-113.  Abstract ( 1994 )   PDF (622KB) ( 2938 )   An Empirical study of 52 tourism enterprises is conducted to investigate the impact of organizational level variables (organizational supportive leadership climate, empowerment climate, service behavior evaluation climate), departmental level variables (departmental supportive leadership climate and psychological empowerment climate), employee level variables (employee's role overload, role conflict and role ambiguity) on employee's psychological empowerment. The results of HLM analysis indicate that both organizational and departmental level variables have positive effects on employee's psychological empowerment, and the employee's role ambiguity has negative effect on the employee's psychological empowerment. In addition, the organizational empowerment climate has indirect effects on the employee's psychological empowerment through the departmental psychological empowerment climate, and regulates the relationship between departmental supportive leadership climate and employee's psychological empowerment. The organizational supportive leadership climate may regulate the relationship between employee's role overload and their psychological empowerment, and the departmental supportive leadership climate may regulate the relationship between employee's role conflict and their psychological empowerment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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FDI, industrial agglomeration and total factor productivity growth Zhang Gongwei, Chen Xiang, Li Zan 2013, 34(9): 114-122.  Abstract ( 2022 )   PDF (974KB) ( 2881 )   The coupling of China's FDI with the industrial agglomeration in space has decided that it will be biased to study it impacts on the TFP growth of the manufacturing industry. This paper first calculates the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of 28 professions of the manufacturing industries in China from 2000 to 2009 using the DEA-Malmquist index method, and then it studies how FDI and industrial agglomeration affect the TFP in the manufacturing industry and its breakdown indicators in a unified framework. The paper finds that manufacturing industry has an average annual growth rate of 9.6%, in which over 80% is contributable to the technological progress whereas there is little difference of technological progress and much difference of technological efficiency among different industries, and the latter becomes the main reason for the difference of the TFP growth. The regression results indicate that FDI has generally the technological spillover effect and the industrial agglomeration plays a positive external effect. The interactive effect of them had significant differences in affecting the TFP growth of four types of industries which are classified by the factor intensity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on epidemic model of emergency events risk perception in food industry Ma Ying, Zhang Yuanyuan, Song Wenguang 2013, 34(9): 123-130.  Abstract ( 1751 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 2133 )   In 2011, a series of unexpected public crisis, namely the "earthquake-tsunami-nuclear leak-nuclear radiation" which happened in Japan, brought out a great impact on the economy and the consumers' life in China, especially in the food industry, which generates a series of emergencies in food supply safety, such as the poor market of spinach and the panic buying of table salt, etc. This paper applies the epidemic model to analyze the features and process of the risk perception and transfer in the emergency events of the food industry, and establishes an epidemic model for such risk perception and transfer, Then, the paper also conducts the model simulation by citing the panic buying of the table salt generated by the great earthquake in Japan as an example of the risk perception of the food supply safety emergency, and puts forward suggestions to avoid the emergency risk perception transferring in food industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on new development of international entrepreneurship Zhai Qinghua, Su Jing, Ye Minghai, Tian Xueying 2013, 34(9): 131-138.  Abstract ( 1547 )   PDF (1153KB) ( 2708 )   The legitimacy of the entrepreneurship research is much debated although breakthroughs have been made in this field in the past few years. This paper employs the knowledge mapping to analyze all the entrepreneurship research literature collected in the Web of Science database and makes the co-cited reference and co-word knowledge maps to study the main theories, study themes and change trends in the field of entrepreneurship research. The study results show that: (1) Theories applied in entrepreneurship research are quite diverse and entrepreneurial opportunity will be the core of theoretical framework; the three important branches of the entrepreneurship research, namely the international entrepreneurship, the corporate entrepreneurship and the originating conditions of the entrepreneurship activities, have formed relatively stable and independent theory foundation. (2) the themes of the entrepreneurship research are still fragmented and the focus is on innovation while not much attention has been paid to the entrepreneurial opportunity. Seen from the trend of the keyword development, the social entrepreneurship, the corporate entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial opportunity will be important themes of this field in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stackelberg Game analysis on distribution channel product quality strategy between competitive producers Zhu Lilong, Yao Chang 2013, 34(9): 139-150.  Abstract ( 1977 )   PDF (1778KB) ( 2579 )   This paper constructs the three-echelon stackelberg game model which consists of two competitive producers, two retailers and the end customers, and studies how to make quality strategies in designing the distribution channels of the two competitive producers. It also develops three types of strategy models of the producer distribution channel (the direct channel strategy, indirect channel strategy and mixed channel strategy), and analyzes impact of the distribution channel strategy on the producer's product quality decision, the retailer's product purchase decision, the expected profits function and the customer's consumer surplus. Compared with the direct channel strategy, when the producer chooses the indirect channel strategy, the product quality level and the retailing price will both be reduced and the consumer surplus will also be decreased finally. However, when the low quality producer chooses the indirect channel strategy, the consumer surplus will be increased. These conclusions will be a strong complement in the research field of distribution channel quality strategy. Finally, an example analysis is conducted and the numerical computing results prove the model's effectiveness and the conclusion's correctness, both of which will indicate the further specific application direction in practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Four dimensions reciprocal strategy pattern based on virtual community experiences Ning Lianjv, Feng Xin 2013, 34(9): 151-160.  Abstract ( 1884 )   PDF (970KB) ( 2766 )   With the development of the virtual product community and the brand community, how to use social media platforms to bring positive experiences to customers has become an important issue which major enterprises have to face. This paper has, by summarizing the previous researches, selected the 26 indicators in the virtual community experiences from the perspective of the customer experience and the social media and conducted the factor analysis to such indicators, deducing such four dimensions as the utilitarian experience, hedonic experience, social experience and available experience. Similarly, the paper has also summarized the dimension of the customer attitude and selected 29 indicators and deducted them to such three dimensions as the attitudes of customers to products, brands and enterprises by analyzing such factors. Finally, three regression models were established by taking the virtual community experience dimension as the independent variables and the attitudes of the customer as the dependent variable, to explain the influencing mechanism of the virtual community experience to the attitudes of the customers, to enrich the research results of the customer experience theory, and to provide relevant scholars with valuable guidance of theory and practice. Meanwhile, the development pattern of the four dimensions reciprocal strategy helps companies to manage the customer relations and develop the brand strategy and the corporate development strategy, providing relevant scholars with valuable guidance of theory and practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics