数据要素作为推动我国数字经济发展的核心引擎,提高数据要素应用水平是促进专精特新企业高质量发展的重要途径。本文以2014—2022年中国专精特新上市企业为研究样本,借助爬虫技术和机器学习等算法,创新性地刻画了数据要素全生命周期管理特征词图谱,采用固定效应模型实证检验数据要素对专精特新企业高质量发展的因果效应,挖掘数据要素如何通过“提质增智”促进专精特新企业高质量发展的内在机制。研究发现:(1)数据要素显著提升专精特新企业高质量发展水平,其促进作用在非国有企业、竞争激烈的企业以及劳动密集型和技术密集型企业中更加显著;(2)数据要素通过“提质”推动专精特新企业高质量发展,新质生产力在此机制中发挥正向中介效应;(3)数据要素通过“增智”促进专精特新企业高质量发展,数字技术创新在此机制中发挥正向中介效应。基于此,提出如下管理启示:全面激发数据要素潜能,巩固专精特新企业细分市场竞争优势;以数实融合助力新质生产力发展,引领专精特新企业结构深度变革;构筑自立自强的数字技术创新体系,助力专精特新企业抢占未来发展制高点。

Data elements, as a core engine driving the development of China's digital economy, play a crucial role in enhancing their application level, which serves as an important pathway for promoting the high-quality development of specialized, refined, distinctive and innovative (SRDI) enterprises. This study used the Chinese SRDI-listed enterprises from 2014 to 2022 as the research sample, leveraged the web crawler technology and machine learning algorithms to innovatively depict the feature word map for the whole lifecycle management of data elements, employed a fixed effects model to empirically test the causal effects of data elements on the high-quality development of SRDI enterprises, and explored how data elements promote high-quality development through "quality enhancement and intelligence improvement". The findings are as follows: (1) Data elements significantly enhance the high-quality development level of SRDI enterprises, with this promoting effect being particularly prominent in non-state-owned enterprises, those in highly competitive markets, as well as labour-intensive and technology-intensive enterprises; (2) Data elements promote the high-quality development of SRDI enterprises through "quality enhancement", with new quality productive forces playing a positive mediating role in this mechanism; (3) Data elements promote the high-quality development of SRDI enterprises through "intelligence improvement", with digital technology innovation playing a positive mediating role in this mechanism. In view of this, the following managerial implications are proposed, including comprehensively unleashing the potential of data elements to consolidate the competitive advantage of SRDI enterprises in niche markets; promoting digital-real economy integration to support the development of new quality productive forces, leading deep structural transformations in SRDI enterprises; and building a self-reliant and self-strengthening digital technology innovation system, empowering SRDI enterprises to occupy strategic high grounds in future development.