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25 June 2015, Volume 36 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Spatial econometrics test of pollutant discharge system's driving on green technological innovationby taking 29 provinces and regions' manufacturing industries as examples Li Wanhong 2015, 36(6): 1-9.  Abstract ( 831 )   Based on the theory of spatial econometrics, we build up a geographical weighed regression model to analyze the pollutant discharge system's driving on the green technological innovation. In this model, green technological innovation is regarded as explained variable, pollutant discharge system is as explanatory variable, and industrial scale and innovation human resource input are as controlled variables. By taking 29 provinces and regions' manufacturing industries as examples, we apply global Moran's I indexes, local Moran scatter diagrams and LISA clustering maps to explore the spatial autocorrelation of pollutant discharge system and green technological innovation. The GWR model also is used to estimate the driving effect of pollutant discharge system on green technological innovation. The results show that pollutant discharge system and green technological innovation both reveal the characteristics of spatial autocorrelation. The driving effect of pollutant discharge system on green technological innovation also presents spatial differential characteristics, namely the characteristic in developed areas supports Potter hypothesis.The higher the level of economic development, the more significant the driving effect. While in developing areas it does not support Potter hypothesis, the backward economic progress level inhibits the achievement of driving effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A patent industrialization probability model based on Markov Chain: The perspective of patent citation Xu Qi, Gu Xinjian 2015, 36(6): 10-19.  Abstract ( 941 )   The article differentiates the patent industrialization probability with a quantitative analysis from the perspective of patent citation. The method of mathematical statistics is used to measure the importance and values of patents in the technology development process. The principle of identification and evaluation of patent industrialization is demonstrated. Time-independence, irreducibility and irreversibility of a patent citation network enable it to meet the conditions for convergence of Markov Chain. So Markov Chain is adopted to model the process of random browse in a patent citation network. The correspondence between a patent citation network and Markov Chain is established. And the calculation of patent industrialization probability is translated to calculate the stable distribution of the transfer matrix of Markov Chain. The iterative algorithm for computing the largest eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transfer matrix is devised. The article collects 235 patents related to electron emitter manufacturing which were granted between 1976 and 2006 from the database of United States Patent and Trademark Office. The annual distribution of the patents is analyzed. The article queries from the patent data set of National Bureau of Economic Research to get 592 patent citations and uses the network analysis software Pajek to build a patent citation network as the experimental data. The experimental results show that, the proposed model is effective. It is consistent with the actual situations of patent industrialization, and can be used as the instructions of patent industrialization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of supplier networks and buyer firms' NPD performance Xie En, Chen Xin 2015, 36(6): 20-27.  Abstract ( 794 )   This paper investigates the effects of supplier networks' embeddedness and heterogeneity on buyer firms' NPD performance. Using structural equation modeling method to analyze data from 192 firms in Chinese manufacturing sectors, we find that social relational embeddedness of supplier networks has no significant effect on creativity or speed of NPD activities. However, IT-embeddedness correlates positively with two outcomes of NPD activities. Structural embeddedness correlates positively with the speed of buyer firms' NPD activities, but does not affect NPD creativity. Both geographical and technological heterogeneities of supplier networks improve NPD creativity, but do not have a significant influence on the speed of NPD activities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The complex network analysis of the structure evolution of collaborative innovation networks: An example of the industry-university-research collaboration of Chinese ICT industry Gao Xia, Chen Kaihua 2015, 36(6): 28-36.  Abstract ( 1150 )   In the era of Big Science, innovation network structure has become the key determinant of innovation ability. In this context, the measurement and evaluation of the evolutionary characteristics has become the emerging trend in the evaluation of scientific and technological innovation ability. Based on the co-applied patent data from the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China (SIPO), the dynamic mechanism and structure evolution of collaborative innovation networks for industry-university-research institute (I-U-R) has been studied in the Chinese ICT industry by complex network analysis. It shows that the size of I-U-R cooperation networks appears significant increasing trend, and the networks have the small-world and scale-free characteristics. These findings provide some helpful inspirations for adapting to the structural characteristics and evolutional trend of complex network to improve some related policies of I-U-R cooperation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Knowledge sharing behaviors, innovation and development performance of complex products Wang Juanru, Luo Ling 2015, 36(6): 37-45.  Abstract ( 842 )   Base on the knowledge management and Complex Product System (CoPS) theories, this study analyzes the relationship of key stakeholders' explicit and tacit knowledge sharing, innovation speed, innovation quality, and development performance from the perspective of complex product development, and then a theoretical model is developed. The model is empirically tested based on the Structural Equation Modeling method. It is found that both explicit and tacit knowledge sharing behaviors have not only directed effects on product performance and learning performance, but also indirect effects on these through innovation speed and innovation quality. In addition, the results indicate that explicit and tacit knowledge sharing behaviors have different impact on innovation and development performance, that is, explicit knowledge sharing behaviors have more significant effects on innovation speed and learning performance, whereas tacit knowledge sharing behaviors have more significant effects on innovation quality and product performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of the effects of preferential tax policy on corporate R&D investment Jiang Xihe, Wang Shuijuan 2015, 36(6): 46-52.  Abstract ( 912 )   Preferential tax policy is a major governmental instrument that promotes corporate R&D investment. The new Law of Corporate Income Tax, issued in 2008, together with its related Regulations for Pre-tax Deduction of Corporate R&D Expenses, marks the updated perfection and level of Chinese practice of its preferential tax policy. Based on the survey data of 128 sample enterprises from the central, southern and northern parts of Jiangsu, and by employing the random utility model, this paper makes an empirical study of the incentive effects of contemporary polices of pre-tax deduction of corporate R&D expenses, as well as impacts on corporate R&D investment by other variables. The investigation indicates that the new policy has positively influenced the way corporations make R&D investment, if not to a considerable extent, and that the taxable income has had an effect on R&D intensity, though its positivity is yet to be of any significance. In addition, the return on assets and cash flow claims positive correlations with R&D investment, while the asset-liability ratio and the nature of corporations have negative correlations with R&D intensity, though the capital-intensity does not have a significant impact. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The innovation mode of generic technology in the industry cluster from the perspective of enterprise contribution Zhao Hua, Li Jiang, Wei Hongzhu 2015, 36(6): 53-59.  Abstract ( 697 )   It is of great importance to inspect the industrial cluster enterprise contribution level in generic technology cooperation innovation. By establishing the cluster enterprise duopoly model and analyzing the best contribution level difference between Nash equilibrium and Pareto optimality, this paper comes to the proposition that the contribution of Pareto optimality is better than Nash equilibrium. Around this proposition and considering factors of industrial clusters, a cooperative innovation mode is extracted, which is conducive to achieving Pareto optimality for cluster enterprises in generic technology cooperation innovation. Furthermore, an organization operation mechanism is designed from the perspective of contract justice. In the end, the feasibility of the mode is proved by successful case. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis on the effects of urban mass transit on the development of urban peripheral tourism areas based on tourism businesses' spatial location selection in Hangzhou Bian Xianhong 2015, 36(6): 60-67.  Abstract ( 738 )   In order to discuss the influence of urban mass transit on tourism business location selection and tourism development in urban peripheral areas, this paper explains the relationship between urban mass transit's features and tourism businesses' spatial location selection behaviors, demonstrating that urban mass transit will definitely improve resource location, market location, employee location and transportation location, stimulate tourism land use as well as tourism resource and project exploration, and result in the concentration of tourism businesses in urban peripheral tourism areas. Meanwhile, this paper also takes Hangzhou as an empirical example to analyze the influence of urban mass transit on the development of urban peripheral tourism areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between knowledge spillover and cluster innovation performance:The moderating effect of competition Yang Jiaoping, Hou Nan, Xu Lei 2015, 36(6): 68-74.  Abstract ( 935 )   This paper analyzed the mechanism of knowledge spillover influence on cluster innovation, which is based on the competition degree among cluster enterprises as the moderator and the innovation synergy and the inhibitory effect of innovation as the mediator. The results of mathematical analysis and empirical test show that knowledge spillover can increase synergistic effect and promote technical innovation on one hand, and it will increase inhibiting effect and hinder technology innovation on the other hand. The competition has a negative moderating effect between the relationship of knowledge spillover and synergistic effect, and it has a positive moderating effect between the relationship of knowledge spillover and inhibiting effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the percentages of government investment at different stages of R&D Wang Boya, Xiong Chai, Lu Xiaoyu 2015, 36(6): 75-80.  Abstract ( 983 )   When government funds are invested at different stages of R&D, two factors should be considered: the efficiency of government funds at different stages of R&D, and the efficiency differences between government funds and enterprise self-raised funds. Compared with other countries, the ratios of government funds invested at the basic research stage and the applied research stage are smaller in China, while the ratio of investment at experimental development stage is bigger. The result based on the Provincial-level panel data analysis in 2009-2013 shows that: at the basic research and the applied research stages, the government funds have more positive innovation effects than enterprise self-raised funds; at the experimental development stage, the government funds invested have no significant effects; the government funds have a more positive effect at the basic research stage than atthe applied research stage. We suggest that government should increase the percentages of investment at the basic research and the applied research stage, and reduce the percentages of investment at the experimental development stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The optimal emission reduction and pricing strategies and coordination based on the perspective of supply chain under carbon tax policy Cheng Yonghong, Xiong Zhongkai 2015, 36(6): 81-91.  Abstract ( 954 )   In view of the fact that many scholars have studied the effect of carbon tax on emission reduction and firm's production decision from the macroscopic and microcosmic aspects, this paper initially establishes the centralized and decentralized decision-making models from the perspective of supply chain, then discusses respectively the optimal carbon dioxide emission reductions and pricing strategies for the manufacturer and retailer, and the impact of carbon tax rate on carbon dioxide emission reductions and product sale price. Some results show that the carbon dioxide emission reductions of per-unit product not only depend on the government's carbon tax rate, but also relate to its initial carbon dioxide emissions and the choices of decision-making in supply chain. In addition, there is the problem of "double marginalization" under the decentralized decision-making with carbon tax policy, so we coordinate supply chain with the two-part tariff contract. Finally, we further verify the conclusions by using numerical simulations, and give a number of suggestions and strategies for improving the efficiency of emission reduction for the supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the management and performance of National Natural Science Foundation of China for developing the growth of young talents in China Guo Jia, Luo lingling, Xing Huaibin 2015, 36(6): 92-101.  Abstract ( 873 )   The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is one of the most important funding sources for basic research in China. By participating in the project of "International Evaluation of Funding and Management of NSFC" for comprehensive evidence collection, the overall evaluation of NSFC has been reached by the two sorts of young talents having obtained this fund based upon the questionnaire survey. The survey results indicate that NSFC has played a significant role in discovering scientific talent, fostering talents' scientific literacy, improving research capacity, etc. The managing stress faced by NSFC is discussed and management strategies are proposed to further improve the funding performance of young talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the effect of opportunistic orientation on knowledge acquisition in new ventures Yin Miaomiao, Bi Xinhua 2015, 36(6): 102-108.  Abstract ( 910 )   This study aims to reveal the key factors that influence new ventures acquiring knowledge under Chinese context. Based on Chinese entrepreneurial practice, this study builds a theory model including opportunistic orientation (technological opportunistic orientation and market opportunistic orientation), knowledge acquisition and organizational learning. After collecting data from 361 new ventures in China, we made regression analysis. Finally, the results show that both technology opportunistic orientation and market opportunistic orientation positively influence new ventures acquiring knowledge; organizational learning plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between market opportunistic orientation and knowledge acquisition; organizational learning plays a part mediating role in the relationship between technological opportunistic orientation and knowledge acquisition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A literature research on characteristics and trend for domestic green technology innovation Li Dan, Yang Jianjun 2015, 36(6): 109-118.  Abstract ( 895 )   This is a literature review, which summarized the characteristics of current study and forecasted the domestic development trend on China's green technology innovation from the quantity, quality perspective of domestic existing green technology innovation literature. Then, it utilized the analytical framework of Astley (1983) which develop a systematic, coherent analysis on the level, phase, theme and depth of domestic green technology innovation literature, and summarized the characteristics of research and calculated the trend of green technology innovation research by connecting it with the time dimension. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on evaluating the legal quality of pharmaceutical patents by patent characteristics Liu Lichun, Qi Su 2015, 36(6): 119-127.  Abstract ( 777 )   Some China drug patents that Pharmaceutical Multinational Corporations held could not meet the legal requirements of China Patent Law on granted patent. This paper collects Pharmaceutical Multinational Corporations' patents that have suffered invalidation application from 2001 to 2012 and discusses theoretically the patent characteristics that could significantly influence legal quality according to the characteristics of pharmaceutical industry. Then, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the influence of the patent characteristics to legal quality and establishes the regression equations by the patent characteristics and the probability ending with revocation. The empirical results show the expression of the patent characteristics on the legal quality of pharmaceutical patents is different from other industries. Five patent characteristics, including the number of claims, examples, etc., significantly influence legal quality of pharmaceutical patents. The direction and the degree of the explanatory from patent characteristics to legal quality and economic quality are different. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on managing mechanisms and organizing patterns of German S&T programs Ge Chunlei, Pei Ruimin 2015, 36(6): 128-136.  Abstract ( 900 )   The system of S&T programs is an important part of S&T innovation system, and takes significant effects in the realization of "Innovation-driven development" strategy. The developed countries' successful management experiences of S&T programs are worthy of studying and reference. Through literature research, interviews and review methods, this paper summarizes the German S&T program system, studies its managing patterns and commission management mechanisms, and analyses the operation of project management agency by case study. Finally, the paper presents four kinds of organizing patterns in connection with different kinds of S&T programs and proposes suggestions for China's S&T program management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Learning by exporting, R&D effects and firm productivity upgrading —The Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms Geng Qiang, Lv Daguo 2015, 36(6): 137-144.  Abstract ( 1057 )   The domestic literatures based on the heterogeneity firm theory mostly concentrated on testing whether there is "learning by exporting" in china, but less involved the mechanism about "learning by exporting". This paper argues that the main reason for "learning by exporting" is exporting firms have higher R&D probability and performance, these firms will be more likely to choose R&D investment, which enhance productivity more significantly in the exporting process. This paper uses Chinese industrial firm-level database during 2004-2007, up to one million sample points, as sample to empirically test and conclude that Chinese manufacturing firm's R&D probability will increase 21.63% after exporting, this R&D choice will bring about 7.3% annual productivity increase for such firms. Exporting of Chinese firms can improve employment because of comparative advantage, it is also an important way to increase productivity in the long time and get dynamic advantage through more R&D investment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The temporal coordination mechanism and its effect on team effectiveness in knowledge-based teams Zhang Gang, Cen Jie 2015, 36(6): 145-156.  Abstract ( 886 )   The inherent ambiguity and variability of knowledge-based tasks require temporal coordination mechanism to eliminate temporal conflict and maintain the team as a whole, which are beyond the knowledge coordination. Aiming at the shortage of existing studies of team temporal coordination mechanism, which focus on explicit temporal coordination mechanism represented by team temporal leadership and overlook the implicit temporal coordination mechanism, this paper introduces team temporal mental model as implicit temporal coordination mechanism, investigating its relationship with team effectiveness and team temporal leadership. The results of the statistical analysis of 102 knowledge-based teams show that team temporal leadership and team temporal mental model has significant influence on team performance and members' satisfaction; team temporal mental model significantly mediates the relationship between team temporal leadership and team effectiveness; and team temporal pressure significantly moderates the relationship between the temporal leadership-temporal mental model and the temporal leadership-team effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The determinants of the scale of foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives transactions Liu Renfan 2015, 36(6): 157-167.  Abstract ( 797 )   Many entrepreneurial firms depends much more on import, export and external debt financing, so they need to manage the foreign currency and interest rate risks by means of foreign currency or interest rate derivatives. This paper collects derivatives transaction data fromover 60 listed companies including entrepreneurial firms, defines derivatives transaction scale by dividing thecontractual nominal principal by foreign currency or interest rate risk exposures. The empirical results support themanagement of foreign exchange and interest rate risk, the alleviation of under-investment, the complementary nature of foreign debt and derivatives, and the cash flow incentives hypotheses. As for the results of the tests for the hypotheses of manager utility maximization, financial distress, derivatives substitute for cash as risk reduction instrument, they are contrary to that of interest rate derivatives. The multi-regression results are misleading based on the prior literature's scale measures of foreign currency or interest rate derivatives transaction. Finally, the author gives his own policy suggestions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on imitation and contagion behavior in the evolution of network public opinion of the food safety emergency events Ma Ying, Ding Zhoumin, Zhang Yuanyuan 2015, 36(6): 168-176.  Abstract ( 983 )   The network has become the daily essential channel to publish and access information for people, more and more consumers rely on network access to emergency events, so the network public opinion is becoming more and more important in the development process to promote the event. This article is based epidemic model theory to build an imitation and contagion model in the evolution of network public opinion on food safety incident, which aims to study the infection mechanism and behavior of the Internet users in the process of public opinion spread of food safety incidents. The study takes the "ShuanghuiClenbuterol" events for an example, simulates and verifies the correctness of the model. It is expected to provide a reference to the stakeholders of food safety incidents who will correctly respond to imitation and contagion behavior of Internet users in the process of the network public opinion evolution. References | Related Articles | Metrics