The temporal coordination mechanism and its effect on team effectiveness in knowledge-based teams

Abstract

Abstract: The inherent ambiguity and variability of knowledge-based tasks require temporal coordination mechanism to eliminate temporal conflict and maintain the team as a whole, which are beyond the knowledge coordination. Aiming at the shortage of existing studies of team temporal coordination mechanism, which focus on explicit temporal coordination mechanism represented by team temporal leadership and overlook the implicit temporal coordination mechanism, this paper introduces team temporal mental model as implicit temporal coordination mechanism, investigating its relationship with team effectiveness and team temporal leadership. The results of the statistical analysis of 102 knowledge-based teams show that team temporal leadership and team temporal mental model has significant influence on team performance and members' satisfaction; team temporal mental model significantly mediates the relationship between team temporal leadership and team effectiveness; and team temporal pressure significantly moderates the relationship between the temporal leadership-temporal mental model and the temporal leadership-team effectiveness.

Key words: knowledge-based team, temporal coordination mechanism, team effectiveness

CLC Number:

C939

Zhang Gang, Cen Jie. The temporal coordination mechanism and its effect on team effectiveness in knowledge-based teams[J]. Science Research Management, 2015, 36(6): 145-156.

References

[1] Zwaan R A, Langston M C, Graesser A C.The construction of situation models in narrative comprehension:An event-indexing model [J].Psychological Science, 1995, 6(5):292-297. [2] Brown S L, Eisenhardt K M.Competing on the edge:Strategy as structured chaos [M].Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998. [3] Zerubavel E.Hidden rhythms:Schedules and calendars in social life [M].University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1981. [4] Orlikowski W J, Yates J.It's about time:Temporal structuring in organizations [J].Organization Science, 2002, 13(6):684-700. [5] Espinosa A, Lerch J, et al.Explicit versus implicit coordination mechanisms and task dependencies:One size does not fit all [A].Salas E, Fiore S.Team cognition:Understanding the factors that drive process and performance[C].APA Books, Washington, DC, 2004:107-129. [6] 王端旭, 薛会娟.团队内隐协调的运作机理及影响因素分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2009, 30(2):160-163.Wang Duanxu, Xue Huijuan.The analysis on team's implicit coordination function and its influence factors [J].Science of Science and Management of S&T, 2009, 30(2):160-163. [7] 井辉, 席酉民.组织协调理论回顾与展望[J].管理评论, 2006, 18(2):50-56.Jing Hui, Xi Youmin.Review and advance of research on organization coordination theory[J].Management Review, 2006, 18(2):50-56. [8] McGrath J E.Time, interaction and performance (TIP):A theory of groups [J].Small Group Research, 1991, 22(2):147-74. [9] Montoya-Weiss M M, Massey A P, et al.Getting it together:Temporal coordination and conflict management in global virtual teams [J].The Academy of Management Journal, 2001, 44(6):1251-1262. [10] Massey A P, Montoya-Weiss M M, et al.Because time matters:Temporal coordination in global virtual project teams [J].Journal of management information system, 2003, 19(4):129-155. [11] Rico R, Sánchez-Manzanares M, et al.Team implicit coordination processes:A team knowledge-based approach [J].Academy of Management Review, 2008, 33(1):163-184. [12] Bartel C A, Milliken F J.Perception of time in work group:Do member develop shared cognition about their temporal demands? [J].Research on Managing Groups and Teams, 2004, 45(6):87-109. [13] Gevers J M P, van Eerde W, Rutte C G.Team self-regulation and meeting deadlines in project teams:Antecedents and effects of temporal consensus[J].European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2009, 18(3):295-321. [14] Hamilton K, Mohammed S, et al.Virtual team effectiveness:Investigating the effect of temporal team mental models.Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology[C].San Diego, CA, 2012. [15] Gevers J M P, Rutte C G, van Eerde W.How project teams achieve coordinated action:A model of shared cognitions on time [J].Research on Managing Groups and Teams, 2004, 6:67-85. [16] 陈旭.团队领导对团队效能的影响机理研究[J].科研管理, 2006, 27(7):138-141.Chen Xu.On the impact mechanism of team leadership on team performance[J] Science Research Management, 2006, 27(7):138-141. [17] Ancona D G, Okhuysen G A, et al.Taking time to integrate temporal research [J].The Academy of Management Review, 2001, 26(4):512-529. [18] Halbesleben J R B, Novicevic M M, et al.Awareness of temporal complexity in leadership of creativity and innovation:A competency-based model [J].Leadership Quarterly, 2003, 14(4):433-454. [19] Mohammed S, Nadkarni S.Temporal diversity and team performance:The moderating role of team temporal leadership [J].The Academy of Management Journal, 2011, 54(3):489-508. [20] Crossan M, Cunha M P, et al.Time and organizational improvisation [J].Academy of Management Review, 2005, 30(1):129-145. [21] Schriber J B, Gutek B A.Some time dimensions of work:Measurement of an underlying aspect of organizational culture [J].Journal of Applied Psychology, 1987, 72(4):642-650. [22] 理查理·惠普, 芭芭拉·亚当, 艾达·萨伯里斯.建构时间:现代组织中的时间与管理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2009.Richard Whipp, Barbara Adam, Ida Sabelis.Making time:Time and management in modern organizations [M].Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press, 2009. [23] 曹科岩, 龙君伟.团队共享心智模式对团队有效性的影响机制研究[J].科研管理, 2009, 30(5):155-161.Cao Keyan, Long Junwei.Effects of team shared mental model on the team effectiveness in high-tech organizations [J].Science Research Management, 2009, 30(5):155-161. [24] 白新文, 刘武, 林琳.共享心智模型影响团队绩效的权变模型[J].心理学报, 2011, 43(5):561-572.Bai Xinwen, Liu Wu, Lin lin.Shared mental models and team performance:A contingent model [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2011, 43(5):561-572. [25] 张钢, 熊立.成员异质性与团队绩效:以交互记忆系统为中介变量[J].科研管理, 2009, 30(1):71-80.Zhang Gang, Xiong Li.Member diversity and team performance:The transactive memory system as a medium variable [J].Science Research Management, 2009, 30(1):71-80. [26] 刘嘉, 许燕.团队异质性研究回顾与展望[J].心理科学进展, 2006, 14(4):636-640.Liu Jia, Xu Yan.Team diversity:Measurement, outcomes and moderators [J].Advances in Psychological Science, 2006, 14(4):636-640. [27] Gevers J M P, Rutte C G, et al.Meeting deadlines in work groups:Implicit and explicit mechanisms [J].Applied Psychology, 2006, 55(1):52-72. [28] Klimoski R, Mohammed S.Team mental model:Construct or metaphor? [J].Journal of Management, 1994, 20(2):403-437. [29] McGrath J E, Kelly J R.Time and human interaction:Toward a social psychology of time (Guilford social psychology series) [M].Guilford, NewYork, 1986. [30] Jansen K J, Kristof-Brown A L.Marching to the beat of a different drummer:Examining the impact of pacing congruence [J].Organizational Behavioral and Human Decision Processes, 2005, 97(2):93-105. [31] 王大伟, 刘永芳.时间知觉对决策制定的时间压力效应的影响[J].心理科学, 2009, 32(5):1106-1108.Wang Dawei, Liu Yongfang.Time perception affecting the time pressure effect of decision-making[J].Psychological Science, 2009, 32(5):1106-1108. [32] Janicik G A, Bartel C A.Talking about time:Effects of temporal planning and time awareness norms on group coordination and performance [J].Group Dynamics:Theory, Research, and Practice, 2003, 7(2):122-134. [33] 张钢, 岑杰.团队时间心智模型:内涵拓展与量表开发[J].管理学报, 2014, 11(6):844-851.Zhang Gang, Cen Jie.Temporal team mental model:Connotation expansion and scales development[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2014, 11(6):844-851. [34] Straub D.Validating instruments in MIS [J].MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(2):223-235. [35] Shaw J D, Zhu J, et al.A contingency model of conflict and team effectiveness [J].Journal of Applied Psychology, 2011, 96(2):391-400. [36] Andrews J, Smith D C.In search of the marketing imagination:Factors affecting the creativity of marketing programs for mature products [J].Journal of Marketing Research, 1996, 33(2):174-187. [37] Bliese P D.Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability:Implications for data aggregation and analysis [A].Klein K J, Kozlowski S W.Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations:Foundations, extensions and new Directions [C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 2000. [38] James L R, Demaree R G, Wolf G.Estimating within-group inter-rater reliability with and without response bias [J].Journal of Applied Psychology, 1984, 69(1):85-98. [39] Baron R M, Kenny D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6):1173-1182. [40] Ilgen D R, Hollenbeck J R, et al.Teams in organizations:From input-process-output models to IMOI models [J].Annual review of psychology, 2005, 56(1):517-543.