Emerging innovation ecosystems, such as those based on artificial intelligence foundation models, are rapidly taking shape. Unlike traditional industry innovation ecosystems, architects in these new ecosystems must navigate both positive and negative impacts of technological innovation during the experimental and exploratory phases of ecological construction. Further investigation is required to understand the formation mechanisms and governance strategies of these emerging industry innovation ecosystems. This paper employed a longitudinal case study approach, focusing on OpenAI, a leading research and development organization, to distill general patterns in the formation of emerging industry innovation ecosystems from the architect's perspective. It also delved into the varied governance mechanisms employed by architects within industry innovation ecosystems. The study revealed that: first, in the initial exploration phase, architects clarify technical objectives through open architecture and extensive testing of various technology pathways; second, during the development breakthrough phase, architects achieve a comprehensive technology layout by leveraging collaborative architecture, making focused investments in selected technology routes, integrating internal technology governance, and embracing public oversight; and third, in the continuous growth phase, architects enhance joint industry governance and engage in governmental governance activities by integrating architecture and accelerating the construction of innovation ecosystems, thereby reinforcing the legitimacy of ecological development. This paper constructed a "structure-conduct-governance-performance" (SCGP) process model, identified multiple governance mechanisms, including technology governance, public supervision, industry governance, and participation in government governance, and advanced research on the formation mechanisms of emerging industry innovation ecosystems. It will hold significant implications for research and development organizations aiming to achieve breakthroughs in emerging technologies and expedite the development of emerging industry innovation ecosystems.

Since the reform and opening-up, a large number of Chinese enterprises have been enlisted in the Fortune Global 500. The emergence of these outstanding firms is closely tied to their effective management practices. However, management theories derived from China's management practices remain scarce, thus highlighting a significant gap where theoretical development lags behind advanced practices. As a result, the task of building an autonomous Chinese management knowledge system is both pressing and formidable. This paper focused on the development of management theories based on Chinese management practices and reviewed three central debates: (1) whether there exists Chinese management, (2) whether there exists Chinese management theory, and (3) how to develop management theory based on the Chinese practice. The paper summarized the "Four Quadrants and Two Cycles" Communication Path of Chinese and Western Management Theory and Practice and, based on the "Scientific Process" model, explored the logic and methodology of theory building grounded in the Chinese management practice. It also discussed the role of contextual factors in shaping theoretical development. This study has responded to the national call for constructing an autonomous knowledge system and it will provide valuable guidance for Chinese management scholars seeking to build theories rooted in local practices.

The digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises has increasingly become a hot spot for both academics and practitioners. Due to the complexity of transformation, the related mode and realization mechanism are still in the exploration stage. Using the method of qualitative meta-analysis and 53 research cases as objects, this paper expanded and deepened the dual perspectives of "process value-added-customer value-added" and explored the internal mechanisms of different digital transformation modes of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results showed that: First, the digital transformation consists of two paths, namely process value-added and customer value-added, which are manifested in the positioning of local digitization, global digitization and ecological digitization as well as the choice between goods-dominant logic and service-dominant logic. Second, according to the combination of differentiated paths, the transformation modes can be divided into such five types as leap-over type, reconfiguration type, incremental type, mixed type and disruptive type. Third, the internal mechanism of digital transformation mode can be analyzed by using the logical chain of "transformation context - behavioral mechanism-transformation result". Different digital transformation modes stem from the differentiated resource reorganization mechanism, institutional action mechanism, digital innovation mechanism and transformation results which result from transformation contexts. This study has innovatively extended the micro-combination mechanism of resource orchestration, institutional, and digital innovation theories within diverse digital transformation modes, with its conclusions being instructive and inspiring for both relevant theories and practical endeavors in the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises.

Promoting the market-oriented transformation of industrial policies is an inevitable path to achieve the high-quality development of China's economy in the new era, and the study of the impact on the allocation of factor resources has become a key focus of evaluating the economic effects of selective industrial policies. In response to the problem of insufficient attention to macro effects and limited expansion of effectiveness boundaries caused by the relatively fixed abstract variables of policy behavior in existing research, this paper empirically tested the mechanism and effect of selective industrial policies on resource misallocation based on quasi-natural experiments in national industrial transfer and undertaking demonstration zones using a multi-period DID model, and deeply explored its impact on economic geographic spatial distance heterogeneity. The research has found that: (1) the establishment of national level industrial transfer and undertaking demonstration zones will exacerbate the mismatch of labor resources, while the impact on capital mismatch is not significant; (2) Establishing industrial transfer demonstration zones can effectively alleviate the mismatch of labor resources in the eastern region, but it will exacerbate the mismatch of labor resources in the central region. Currently, the impact on the allocation of labor resources in the western region is not significant; (3) The crowding effect of "true crowding and false agglomeration", increased pressure on government growth, and imbalanced supply and demand in factor markets are the main mechanisms through which policies distort the allocation of labor resources; (4) The mismatch effect of labor resources in areas with accessible transportation, slow population growth, and small urban scales is significant, while being closer to large ports and cities will weaken the mismatch effect of selective industrial policies. The research conclusion of this paper will help to further clarify the deep-seated impact mechanism of selective industrial policies on factor resource allocation, and provide useful practical insights for the government to improve the implementation performance of industrial policies and empower high-quality economic development.

Tax incentives have a significant impact on the research and development (R&D) innovation activities of listed companies in China. In order to explore the possible issues and reasons for R&D expenses of listed companies under the new tax incentive policies, Company X was taken as an example and its R&D input and output data were compared vertically and horizontally. This study found that under the new tax incentives, there is no direct correlation between corporate innovation output and R&D investment. A detailed analysis of the R&D expenses revealed that there is a possibility for companies to adjust other costs or expenses to R&D expenses, which was achieved through structural adjustments in R&D personnel. Further discussion found that the reasons for companies to adjust the classification of R&D expenses are due to excessive performance pressure, insufficient market competitiveness, risks of being treated by ST, favorable tax incentives, and insufficient regulatory efforts. The paper had made an in-depth exploration of the classification adjustment of enterprise R&D expenses from a case perspective, which will not only enrich the literature research on R&D expense classification issues, but also provide corresponding suggestions and references for optimizing R&D expense accounting recognition and strengthening tax incentive supervision.

The accreditation policy for National Enterprise Technology Centers is an important initiative to enhance the autonomous innovation capabilities of enterprises during the critical period of the current technological revolution and great power competition. It provides feasible solutions for advancing innovation in "bottleneck" technologies. However, few studies have comprehensively revealed the impact of this accreditation policy on enterprises' innovation in "bottleneck" technologies. Based on the theory of technological innovation system, this paper selected the data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2021 and employed a multi-period DID model to empirically test the impact of the accreditation policy for National Enterprise Technology Centers on "bottleneck" technology innovation in enterprises. The results indicated that the accreditation policy significantly positively influences "bottleneck" technology innovation. This conclusion holds even after considering endogeneity issues and robustness tests. The mechanism analysis showed that the accreditation policy primarily promotes "bottleneck" technology innovation through supplementary innovation funding, talent introduction and cultivation, network interaction, alleviating R&D uncertainties, and intellectual property protection. Furthermore, the policy also has a technology spillover effect, enhancing "bottleneck" technology innovation in other non-recognized enterprises. The heterogeneity analysis revealed that the policy's impact is more significant when the enterprise is state-owned, located in first- or second-tier cities, belongs to emerging industries, and when the technology center is rated as excellent. However, it also reflected potential issues with the policy in guiding innovation breakthroughs in mature industries and private enterprises. This study has affirmed the positive impact of the National Enterprise Technology Centers accreditation policy on "bottleneck" technology innovation in enterprises, expanded the antecedent research on "bottleneck" technology innovation, broadened the applicability of the technological innovation system theory in the Chinese context, and it will provide a theoretical basis for the government to effectively guide "bottleneck" technology innovation at the practical level.

To make breakthroughs in the key and core technologies and develop our own aero-engines is an important choice for national rejuvenation. However, there are still many capability dilemmas in technology breakthroughs of aero-engines, and there is an urgent need for capability reconfiguration. The reconfiguration paths for organization, resource and innovation capability were studied with the capability reconfiguration theory and in conjunction with case studies. Some important conclusions were drawn from this study as follows: (1) the technology breakthrough of aero-engines is a dynamic process of multiple capability reconfiguration which integrates organization, resource and innovation capabilities, and this process evolves continuously with technological breakthroughs and includes two stages, i.e. evolutionary reconfiguration and replacement reconfiguration; (2) organization reconfiguration is the foundation of technology breakthrough, and the organization reconfiguration from "plane-engine binding", "plane-engine loosening" to "plane-engine separation" maximizes the innovation autonomy and flexibility; (3) resource reconfiguration is the guarantee of technology breakthrough, and the reconfigurations from closed resource reconfiguration and open resource reconfiguration, to military-civilian resource sharing configuration effectively support technology breakthrough of aero-engines; and (4) innovation capability reconfiguration is the core of technology breakthrough, and the innovation capability reconfiguration from initial imitation to current independent R&D largely enhances the innovation capability of aero-engines.

 The development of emerging technologies not only brings innovation and market opportunities, but also brings new challenges for science and technology governance. The theory of Collingridge dilemma suggests that the social governance of technology is hindered because when negative externalities of a specific technology emerge, it has become deeply entangled with human society. Therefore, how to identify or foresee the potential risks of emerging technologies in the early or initial stages is of great significance for the formulation and improvement of relevant science and technology policies. Identifying the early risks of emerging technologies is a scientific problem due to the sparse and difficult-to-identify signals. Based on the proposed three dimensions of researcher knowledge, enterprise cognition and individual perception, this paper used academic papers, patents, enterprise annual reports, and social media data to construct a quantitative framework for identifying emerging technology risks. An empirical test was conducted by using the example of autonomous driving technologies. The theoretical and empirical analyses showed that the integrated analysis framework based on deep learning and multi-source data can further mine potential risk signals of emerging technologies, thus providing more diverse decision-making references for science and technology risk governance. Among various deep learning methods, the Siamese-BERT twin network model has better risk signal mining effects for emerging technologies. Regarding autonomous driving technology, the empirical analysis showed that potential risks involving many different fields require attention from relevant policy and supervision departments. This paper has presented a theoretical and quantitative analysis framework based on deep learning for emerging technology risk analysis, which has further enriched the current theoretical and methodological system of emerging technology management from the perspectives of knowledge management and text semantic mining, and it will provide a new perspective and tools for potential risk assessment in the early stages of emerging technology evolution.

Artificial intelligence has become a crucial force in enabling entrepreneurial development, playing an increasingly important role in the chance of entrepreneurial opportunity discovering and value creating. Although the entrepreneurial field has gradually paid attention to artificial intelligence, the current research on artificial intelligence-enabled entrepreneurship is still fragmented and lacks systematic integration. This paper adopted the unsupervised machine learning methods, combined machine coding with manual coding, and used structure topic models to analyze 122 relevant literatures collected by Web of Science. This study sorted out the current research status from the aspects of the antecedents, scenarios, processes, results, theoretical perspectives, and tools and methods of AI-enabled entrepreneurship. This study found that the research on the driving mechanism of AI-enabled entrepreneurship needs to be further deepened, the research on scenario fields needs to be further enriched, the research on path mechanisms needs to be further explored, the research on dual impacts needs to be further discussed, the underlying logic needs to be further broken through, and the technical instruments need to be further integrated. On this basis, it proposed a future research framework and topics, and revealed that we should deepen the research on the driving force of AI-enabled entrepreneurship at the macro-, meso-, micro- and even cross-level levels, promote the research on the multi-scenario ecology of AIenabled entrepreneurship in regions, industries and fields, strengthen the research on the process path of AI-enabled entrepreneurship from a cross-level and dynamic perspective, pay full attention to the possible positive results of AI-enabled entrepreneurship, especially the negative impact, and further explore the unique theoretical system of AI-enabled entrepreneurship based on new practices, provide solid data, tools and methods to support the research on AI-enabled entrepreneurship. By combing through existing literature and constructing a future research framework, this paper will provide a guideline for enriching and deepening research on artificial intelligence-enabled entrepreneurship.

   Innovation consortium, representing a micro-level achievement of the new national system, has become a crucial way for China to respond to scientific and technological innovations, promote the integrated innovation and support high-quality industrial development. This paper, based on the multi-agent participation model of innovation consortium, after considering the strategic choices of leading enterprises, supporting enterprises, and government supervision departments, constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model, and solved the stable equilibrium point of each game player′s strategic choice. The stability of the strategy combination was analyzed with the Lyapunov′s first method, and Matlab 2022b was used for simulation analysis to verify the influence of each decision variable on the strategy choice of different players. The results showed that: first of all, the leading enterprises in the industrial chain are the key driving forces affecting the formation of innovation consortium. For the leading enterprises, the incurred loss and cost of collaborative innovation when they do not lead innovation in the innovation consortium are the key factors influencing the evolutionary game results. Secondly, the supporting enterprises in the industrial chain, as the systemic innovation subjects of innovation consortium, are more sensitive to government subsidies than the leading enterprises. With the higher probability of local government subsidies and the leading enterprises of leading innovation, they are more inclined to join the cooperation of innovation consortium. Moreover, the support of local government is the basic guiding force for the formation of innovation consortia in the early stage, and the central government′s funding preference for local governments will have a positive impact on the evolution stable strategy of local governments. Finally, this paper proposed the following countermeasures: refined policies should be provided to enhance the leading innovation capabilities of the industrial chain leading enterprises; targeted subsidy should be implemented to stimulate the endogenous innovation drive of the industrial chain supporting enterprises; and integrated cooperation platforms should be established to bolster the innovation vitality of the industrial chain. Key participating entities of the innovation consortium and their corresponding functional orientations, as well as the evolutionary process of their strategic choices should be taken as the main research line to enrich the theoretical research on the formation of innovation consortia. Moreover, focuses systematically on the strategies of micro-entities in the innovation consortium will offer more practical insights into the maintenance of stability.

   The high-quality development of the energy conservation and environmental protection industry is a crucial driver for China to achieve the innovation-driven strategy and green low-carbon transformation. However, it remains unclear whether China′s policies on energy conservation and environmental protection industries produce a resource compensation effect or a crowding-out effect on corporate technological innovation. Moreover, how a firm′s strategic innovation behavior influences its choice of different types of innovation is still a subject of investigation. This study addressed these questions by using the promulgation of the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industry as a natural experiment and employing the difference-in-differences method to empirically examine the effects and mechanisms of these policies on firm innovation. We found that energy conservation and environmental protection policies generate a "resource compensation effect" on non-green technological innovation activities. However, firms often strategically pursue non-green innovation in response to government support, leading to a "crowding-out effect" on green innovation. Furthermore, industry policies have yet to effectively elevate public environmental awareness. R&D investment serves as a crucial transmission factor for the strategic non-green innovation effects induced by these policies. Finally, small-scale enterprises and firms in more market-oriented regions are more significantly affected by policy interventions concerning innovation activities. However, their motivation for substantive and green innovation is weak. This paper will provide important insights for formulating and implementing more robust policies for the energy conservation and environmental protection industry.

   Strategic knowledge disclosure is an important channel for enterprises to participate in open value creation, but its relationship with product innovation performance is not yet clear. Based on the resource orchestration theory, the mechanism and boundaries of the impact of strategic knowledge disclosure on product innovation performance were explored in this paper, and a fixed-effects negative binomial regression model was constructed for empirical analysis by using the 213 Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises′ experiential data. The results showed that strategic knowledge disclosure can enhance product innovation performance. The influence mechanism test indicated that strategic knowledge disclosure can drive product innovation through channels such as enhancing relational reciprocity, releasing cooperation signals, and expanding the public knowledge pool. The moderating effect test found that knowledge modularization capability, knowledge retrieval capability, and the synergy of the two can positively moderate the relationship between strategic knowledge disclosure and product innovation performance, and in terms of difference in effects, the moderating effect of knowledge modularization capability is the strongest. This paper has expanded the research on the mechanism of strategic knowledge disclosure to promote product innovation from the perspective of external knowledge acquisition, and it will provide some reference for how enterprises utilize dynamic capabilities to facilitate open product innovation.

  Innovation ecosystems are characterized by the coordination mechanisms among diverse organizations around shared value propositions. This topic has become a significant academic issue in business management recently. This study reviewed the innovation ecosystems based on the quantitative analysis, and analyzed 1856 pertinent journal papers through bibliometric and content analysis techniques. The main findings include: Firstly, quantitative research on innovation ecosystems has identified three literature clusters related to corporate affiliation, technology connections and interaction mechanisms, with emerging related themes. Secondly, regarding quantitative measurements, both corporate affiliation and technology connections concentrate on analyzing the composition and relationship dimensions, developing distinct quantitative methods in terms of nodes, indicators, and modeling techniques; and despite their differences, they converge in research methods at the interaction mechanisms level. Thirdly, this study proposed an integrated framework combining “corporate affiliation-technology connections-interaction mechanisms” within the innovation ecosystem′s quantitative analysis. It highlights the importance of adapting between corporates and technologies during innovation, coordinating supply and demand to facilitate value creation and value capture through interactions. Reviewing the innovation ecosystem literature based on the quantitative analysis is an attempt to fill the current gap dominated by qualitative rather than quantitative research and lack of quantitative reviews. This will suggest directions for future quantitative empirical studies on innovation ecosystems and offer insights for integrating theory into academic, commercial, and policy-making practices.

Regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation is the key point and breakthrough to implement the military-civilian integration development strategy and innovation-driven development strategy at the regional level, and is also an important measure to improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system and drive regional innovation development. However, there are still problems in the current regional military civilian technology collaborative innovation, such as diverse innovation entities and their interest demands, unclear cost sharing and benefit distribution mechanisms. The innovation management paradigm from the traditional perspective has been unable to meet the practical needs of regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation development, and it is urgent to introduce an innovation ecological perspective to solve the obstacles of regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation. Compared with previous innovation system theories, the innovation ecosystem theory uses stronger biological metaphors to carry out dynamic evolution analysis of the mechanism of action among various innovation agents, providing a more suitable analytical framework for solving the above problems. Therefore, introducing the theory of innovation ecosystem into the research of regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation and promoting the transition and evolution of the research paradigm of regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation from the conventional "innovation system" to "innovation ecosystem" is helpful to more deeply reveal the complex interaction between the main innovative subjects, elements and environment of military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation. Regional collaborative innovation ecosystem of military and civilian S&T is a complex network system of interaction, symbiosis, competition and dynamic evolution formed to realize the continuous emergence of military and civilian S&T innovation and integrate regional superior resources. In addition to the common characteristics of innovation ecosystem such as systematicness, symbiosis, diversity, dynamics and self-organization, it also has the unique characteristics of limited openness, cooperative target diversification, coexistence of state-led and market regulation. The formation and evolution of the regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation ecosystem is a process that gradually breaks the constraints of time and space, from low-level innovation to high-level innovation, from the inefficient construction stage to the advanced maturity stage. The dynamics of system evolution come from the interaction and feedback loop between the innovation population, the innovation population and the external innovation environment. In the process of evolution, the innovative populations in the system maintain a symbiotic relationship of competition and cooperation. In other words, under the action of internal and external driving forces, repeated games will be played within and between innovative populations, and the game results will ultimately affect the evolution direction of the system. Based on above research, this paper introduced the perspective of innovation ecosystem into the study of military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation, and analyzed the characteristics and evolution mechanism of regional military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation ecosystem. An evolutionary game model with military enterprise, private enterprise and local government as the key innovation subjects was constructed. Taking Heilongjiang Province as an example, the effects of benefit distribution, cost sharing and policy subsidies on the behavior of key innovation entities and system evolution were analyzed with numerical simulation. The results showed that: (1) In the case of reasonable cost sharing, even if the local government does not intervene in the military-civilian collaborative innovation, military and private enterprises will still choose to continue to cooperate in the collaborative innovation of S&T. The cost sharing coefficient has no significant influence on the strategy evolution direction of local governments. With the evolution and development of the system, local governments will eventually choose not to intervene in military-civilian collaborative innovation. (2) The fair distribution of benefits is conducive to promoting continued collaboration between military and private enterprises. In the case of unbalanced benefit distribution, the party with less benefit tends to choose the exit strategy, and the system evolution tends to disintegrate. When the distribution of benefits is extremely unbalanced, the government tends to take intervention strategies to maintain the stability of the system. (3) Whether or not local governments provide financial subsidies and how strong or weak the subsidies are will not have a fundamental impact on the evolution direction of the collaborative strategy between military and private enterprises. The sensitivity of private enterprises to financial subsidies is stronger than that of military enterprises, and appropriate financial subsidies are conducive to promoting the positive evolution of the system.

    "Five minutes on TikTok, one hour on earth"! In recent years, the academia has focused a lot of attention on short-video social networks, which have become one of the most important sources of information and daily entertainment for users. Few academics, however, have examined in-depth how TikTok and other short-video viewers perceive and understand the platform technology and how this influences the users′ psychological requirements and behavioral patterns. When using the TikTok platform, users′ information behavior is primarily that of information adoption. However, there is currently relatively little research on how likely users are to adopt the information on platforms for short-videos, like TikTok. It is unclear whether the distinctive features of short-video sites like TikTok will have a different effect. Second, one of the key features of short-video platforms like TikTok is in the form of personalized recommendation. According to some academics, users will be less ready to adopt information if perceived customization is too strong. On the platforms for short-videos like TikTok, nevertheless, this conclusion has not been tested. It has not been investigated whether perceived personalization will affect users′ psychological resistance or negative psychology. Finally, there are still some conflicts and contradictions in the current research on the impact of information narrowing, and it is necessary to further verify the impact of information narrowing. The impact of perceived personalization and information narrowing for short-videos, such as TikTok, has also not been established. To seek reasonable solutions to these issues, this study empirically examined the information adoption intention of users of short-video platforms by using TikTok as an illustration, and using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model.In this study, the primary data collection method used is questionnaire surveys. The measurement of relevant variables mainly adopted the currently available relevant scales, and the Likert five-level scale was used as the measurement tool. A total of 480 questionnaires were collected, and 435 valid questionnaires were obtained after eliminating some invalid ones. Our hypotheses were essentially confirmed by analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaires. First, the findings demonstrated that perceived personalization benefits information narrowing. Contrary to other studies, this one discovered that perceived personalization lowers the psychological resistance among users and raises their intention to adopt new information. Users′ perceived personalization and information adoption intention do not interact nonlinearly. In contrast to earlier studies, it was also found that information narrowing also lowers users′ psychological resistance and raises their intention to adopt new information. The impacts of perceived personalization and information narrowing on information adoption intention are partially mediated by psychological resistance.By introducing a new research setting, new research variables, and new research model, this study broadened the study of information adoption intention. The findings of the study showed that it is not viable to completely depend on earlier research when examining users′ perceptions of personalization on short-video platforms like TikTok and that further research is necessary. This study enriched the research field of perceptual personalization and provided some reference for other scholars to explore the perceptual personalization of users on short-video platforms such as TikTok. Besides, this study adopted the quantitative way to further verify the existence of information narrowing. As for the variable of information narrowing, this study′s findings differ from those of earlier studies, which offers a fresh theoretical foundation and new support for related research in this field. The findings of the study demonstrate that "Information Cocoons" is directly tied to user psychology as well as the algorithms used for short-video recommendations and other applications. The phenomena of "Bad money drives out good" in the communication sphere must therefore be avoided through the combined efforts of platform managers, news media and readers. In order to further strengthen recommendation algorithms and customer satisfaction, platform management should pay close attention to the findings of this study.

    Innovation is the primary driving force for development, and the key to the great power game is institutional competition for innovation. The report of the CPC′s 20th National Congress proposed "to establish a foundational system for all-round innovation". Internationally, the elements of high-end innovation required for high-quality development are often more sensitive to the institutional environment, and developed countries continue to squeeze the legal system space for developing economies to support innovation. Domestically, the structural problems of China's current innovation system need to be solved through basic institutional arrangements. This paper put forward the connotation of all-round innovation from such two perspectives as theoretical basis and reform practice, and systematically studied the mechanism of forming the foundational systems to support all-round innovation. Supporting all-round innovation is the value orientation of foundational systems, which include market system, element system, organization system, incentive system and open system. It is proposed in this paper that the basic role of the market systems supporting innovation should be highlighted, the vitality of innovative organizations and innovative talents should be fully stimulated, the social institutional foundation to support all-round innovation should be strengthened and the institutional construction and institutional evolution through all-round innovation reform should be promoted.

    The innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) drives the national high-quality and self-reliance development and it is the basis for consolidating common prosperity. In addition, enterprise innovation has the characteristics of positive externality. Therefore, the State has issued the "specialized, refined, characteristic and innovative" qualification accreditation policy, the soul of which is to empower enterprise technological innovation. This paper explored the mechanism and impact of the policy on the technological innovation of SMEs, and based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai from 2015 to 2021, it constructed a time-varying DID model for empirical analysis. The research found that: (1) in general, the qualification accreditation policy of "specialized, refined, characteristic and innovative" enterprises can significantly improve the technological innovation level (R&D investment and innovation output) of SMEs, but the incentive effect is not strong; (2) the mechanism test showed that the policy can promote the technological innovation of SMEs through the "resource bias" effect, and there are heterogeneous effects of "qualification upgrading" and "regional difference"; (3) Compared with provincial and municipal qualification accreditation policies, the national "specialized, refined, characteristic and innovative" qualification accreditation policy has a stronger incentive effect on the technological innovation of SMEs, which verifies the scientific nature of policy gradient cultivation. However, it also reflected that there may be problems such as lax qualification examination and insufficient motivation for continuous innovation in provincial and municipal qualification accreditation. (4) Compared with less developed regions, the absorption effect of policies in regions rich in economic and political resources is weaker, so policies should be adapted to local conditions to avoid the risk of regional policy saturation. This paper has not only expanded the relevant research on the impact of "specialized, refined, characteristic and innovative" qualification accreditation policy on enterprise innovation, but also provided some experiences for optimizing the policy to continuously promote the high-quality development of SMEs.

    The level of regional start-up cost is an important indicator to determine whether, where and when entrepreneurs start businesses. Entrepreneurs′ subjective perception of the entrepreneurial environment, local government support, the abundance of regional talent reserve, the difficulty of financing and other factors will also affect entrepreneurs′ entrepreneurial intention. The research showed that there is a certain deviation between objective start-up cost and subjective cost perception of entrepreneurs in some cities, which results in obvious differences in subjective and objective rankings of policy environment cost, financing availability and technology availability. Therefore, in the case of differences between subjective and objective start-up costs, entrepreneurs′ subjective perception of local start-up costs will become the core factor that directly affects their entrepreneurial intention.Previous studies have found that business cost, environmental cost, regulation cost, financing cost and investment cost have a heterogeneous impact on entrepreneurial intention. Some scholars also analyze the impact of urban entrepreneurial cost perception on entrepreneurial willingness and entrepreneurial effectiveness. However, existing scholars tend to focus on explicit costs such as human cost and study their impact on entrepreneurial willingness from a single dimension, while few studies take hidden costs such as financing environment into account, or integrate multiple cost dimensions to study their impact on entrepreneurial willingness. However, the impact of start-up cost on start-up intention is a complex process under the synergistic action of multiple factors, which needs to consider the synergistic linkage of multiple cost factors. Therefore, it is very important to explore the impact of start-up cost perception configuration effect on start-up intention.In addition, previous studies mostly explored the "net effect" of a single factor′s influence on entrepreneurial intention based on traditional regression analysis methods. Meanwhile, the analysis method of moderating variables was used to try to answer the configuration effect. However, in such studies, it was difficult to answer the configuration effect of multiple factors (especially more than three factors), and it was unable to dig out a clearer causal complex mechanism. Therefore, it is impossible to elucidate the configuration effect of synergistic entrepreneurial cost factors on entrepreneurial intention. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) based on configuration thinking can effectively overcome the limitations of traditional analysis methods and fully explore the influence mechanism of the linkage effect of multiple levels of antecedent variables on entrepreneurial intention.In view of this, in order to systematically deconstruct the combination of antecedents of entrepreneurial intention driven by entrepreneurial costs, this paper divided entrepreneurial costs into explicit costs and invisible costs from the perspective of the whole entrepreneurial cost and according to relevant concepts in economics, and constructed an entrepreneurial cost evaluation system. Taking 29 representative cities in China as samples, the fsQCA method was adopted to explore the relationship between different configurations composed of 7 antecedent variables and entrepreneurial intention, and explore the promotion path of entrepreneurial intention.The results showed that: (1) driving entrepreneurial intention has the characteristics of "multiple concurrency" and "common destination", and a single entrepreneurial cost factor does not constitute the necessary condition for the generation of entrepreneurial intention; (2) The activation mechanism of high entrepreneurial intention can be divided into four main paths: explicit cost-driven, social environment-driven, comprehensive cost-driven and explicit cost-technology-driven; (3) Under specific start-up cost conditions, economic environment cost and business cost have substitution relationship in the production process of high entrepreneurial intention; (4) Technology entrepreneurs are more sensitive to explicit costs in the start-up stage and more sensitive to the policy environment in the growth stage. The research conclusion is helpful to clarify the composition of start-up costs, explore the sensitive cost factors that affect entrepreneurial intention, and it has important theoretical and practical significance for stimulating entrepreneurial vitality in different regions and creating a good regional entrepreneurial ecology.

  In the new era, management research and practice are facing unprecedented complex challenges and opportunities, which put forward higher requirements for both the development of the field and scholars’ research. This paper analyzed the application and funding of the general project, youth project and regional project of the business administration discipline of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the past three years (2021~2023) using the new code. This paper systematically analyzed the characteristics and trends of project application and funding from the perspectives of regions, institutions, project leaders, disciplinary fields and hot spots of research. The research results indicated that the application presents an increasing trend thus competition for youth projects is increasingly intense, while the distribution among regions is differentiated. Further analysis of the growth pattern of young researchers relying on the NSFC projects suggested that the trend of applicants′ youthfulness is obvious, and the youth projects play a key role in supporting the growth of researchers. In terms of research hotspots, the field of business administration actively embraces the change of scientific research paradigm and actively absorbs diversified technologies and research methods. Finally, the paper put forward targeted suggestions on project application, execution, and project management of institutions based on the development situation of the disciplines of business administration, which helps researchers to improve the ability of project application and execution, helps supporting institutions to better conduct the project management, and helps to facilitate the high-quality development of the disciplines of business administration.

   With the increasingly fierce global technology competition, Chinese enterprises are paying more and more attention to applying for patents in the international market, especially in the developed economies. Will these patents be cited by enterprises in the developed economies? Which factors can contribute to the number of the citation? Based on the data of 4,880 invention patents granted by Chinese enterprises in the United States from 2005 to 2014, we analyzed the relationship between enterprise knowledge source and international reverse knowledge transfer, e.g. patents be cited by enterprises in developed economies, with negative binomial regression. We found from the study that: (1) Local knowledge sources and international knowledge sources have distinct effects on enterprises′ reverse knowledge transfer, local knowledge sources have a negative effect on the enterprises′ reverse knowledge transfer, while international knowledge sources have a positive effect. When considering about an emerging market enterprise′s transferring of knowledge across borders, the more local knowledge it absorbs, the more unfavorable it is for the enterprise to transfer its knowledge to developed countries, and the more international knowledge it absorbs, the more favorable it is for the enterprise to increase its knowledge reference from developed countries. (2) Technical complexity strengthens and regulates the negative relationship between local knowledge sources and reverse transfer of enterprise knowledge, as well as the positive relationship between international knowledge sources and reverse transfer of enterprise knowledge. When the technical complexity of patents is higher, absorbing knowledge from international knowledge sources can have a stronger effect on the reverse transfer of knowledge by enterprises, while absorbing local knowledge sources aggravates information asymmetry, which is unfavorable for foreign enterprises to cite their knowledge. (3) The level of national innovation capabilities weakens the negative relationship between local knowledge sources and reverse transfer of enterprise knowledge, as well as the positive relationship between international knowledge sources and reverse transfer of enterprise knowledge. When the national innovation level is high, the disadvantages of local knowledge sources on the reverse transfer of enterprise knowledge and the advantages of international knowledge sources on the reverse transfer of enterprise knowledge will both be weakened.This paper firstly proposed international "reverse knowledge transfer" from the perspective of enterprises in emerging economies, that is, the patents of enterprises in emerging economies are cited by enterprises in developed countries/regions, which enriches the research on knowledge sources and enterprise innovation. From the perspective of knowledge sources, it focuses on the reverse knowledge transfer of emerging market enterprises to the knowledge adoption by enterprises in the developed countries (the United States in this research), and takes into account the regulatory role of technology complexity, which deepens the understanding of how the knowledge source strategies of enterprises in emerging economies affect the micro-mechanism of enterprises in developed countries to quote their knowledge. Secondly, considering the change of national innovation level over time, this paper advanced the research on knowledge source and knowledge reverse transfer from a dynamic perspective. Based on the improvement of innovation capabilities in emerging market, such as China in this research, we analyzed the evolution of the relationship between different types of knowledge sources and knowledge reverse transfer. The analysis found that after the improvement of national innovation capabilities, the negative effect of local knowledge sources on enterprises′ reverse knowledge transfer and the positive effect of international knowledge sources on enterprises′ reverse knowledge transfer will be weakened, which reveals the dynamic impact of the improvement of innovation capability at the macro level over time. After the improvement of the national innovation capability, Chinese enterprises need to actively adjust the strategy of knowledge sources to further utilize and build the advantages of local knowledge.

   The 14th Five-Year Plan clearly pointed out that China should accelerate the construction of a strong manufacturing country and exert the role of advanced manufacturing in the optimization of the industrial structure. In view of the coexistence of China′s market-and- administrative resource allocation, the government has issued a series of industrial policies aimed at encouraging enterprises to innovate. In this paper, the data of A-share manufacturing listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock ranging from 2012 to 2019 are matched with the central and local "Five-Year Plan" texts, and empirically analyzes the effective boundaries and role paths of industrial policies under the background of the central-local decentralization system.The significance of this paper lies in the following aspects: First, based on the contract theory, the paper analyzed the impact of industrial support policies on enterprise innovation under the divergence of central and local goals, and extended the existing debate on the "industrial policy effectiveness" to the exploration of "industrial policy effectiveness boundary". Secondly, from the institutional background of the central-local decentralization under the reform of China′s economic system, the paper clarified the influence of the central-local policy synergy of "reasonable planning" and the central-local policy deviation of "independent division of labor" on the industrial innovation pattern, therefore clears the policy model to stimulate innovation of Chinese enterprises under the innovation-driven-development strategy. Finally, based upon the implementation of government support policies, the paper explored the paths of central-local policy synergy from industry and enterprise levels, and divided them into fiscal and tax policies that directly affect enterprises and the optimization of institutional environment that indirectly affects industries and regions, in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the utilization efficiency of R&D resources.The research found that: (1) Compared with the strategically oriented central industrial support policies, the local policies can better promote the overall innovation level of enterprises by "adapting to local conditions". (2) Under the institutional background of the central-local decentralization system, the central government tends to encourage state-owned enterprises to carry out substantive innovations based on invention patents, while local governments prefer to encourage private enterprises to carry out strategic innovations based on non-invention patents. (3) Central-local policy synergy can realize the embedded complementation of the central policy′s forward-looking screening advantage and the local resource efficiency integration advantage, thereby stimulating enterprise innovation. Many drawbacks such as local governments do not conform to local comparative advantage industries in order to meet the central policy development have not emerged. (4) The central-local policy deviation that seriously deviates from the central top-level design capability and the local resource endowment advantage is not conducive to enterprise innovation. (5) Central-local policy synergy can not only directly affect enterprise innovation in the form of financial subsidies and tax incentives, but also indirectly affect enterprise innovation by weakening administrative barrier and local protectionism and giving play to the market competition mechanism.The policy implications can be summarized as follows: (1) The policy makers should streamline administration and delegate power, consolidate the dominant position of the market mechanism in the allocation of R&D resources. (2) They should make the best use of the situation and realize the drainage effect of top-level design in the development of industrial innovation strategy. (3) They should also adapt measures to local conditions and give full play to the comparative advantages of local factor endowments in the transformation of the industrial structure. (4) They should execute effective coordination to improve the coupling degree of central-local policies in core technological innovation.

  In the new era, disruptive technology-centered competitions between major powers and their enterprise innovation strategies have aroused great concern. It is of great importance and urgency to systematically explore the theoretical basis and core conceptual framework of disruptive technovation to help the realization of national strategies such as "high-level self-reliance of science and technology".Nevertheless, the existing research on disruptive technovation is faced with significant challenges, such as the vagueness of concepts, fuzziness of theoretical boundaries, and lack of integration of framework. To fill this gap, we conducted our research in three main phases:Firstly, from the perspective of the evolution of the technology-oriented innovation paradigms, this paper systematically reviewed the theoretical origins and boundaries of disruptive technovation. In this way, we identified the core of disruptive technovation research as the exploration of the nature and pattern of the emergence and diffusion of disruptive technologies. Furthermore, we pointed out the similarities and differences between disruptive technovation and related paradigms by highlighting the technology-centered characteristics and rules. Thus, we built the theoretical basis for analyzing disruptive technovation in this section.Secondly, based on the methods of literature induction and theoretical deduction, an integrated conceptual framework of disruptive technovation covering was proposed. In this framework, a new technology’s disruptiveness could be captured by three main dimensions. The first is Technological Novelty. This phase depicts the technological change of the focal technology compared to the mainstream ones. The second phase is Technological Superiority which represents to what extent a focal technology is functionally competitive rather than the mainstream ones. The final phase is named Technological Externality. We use this phase of characteristics to link disruptive technovation to social demands and national development. Furthermore, we developed a system of the research issues of disruptive technovation. Specifically, we divided disruptive technovation research into four streams: first, the Acquisition stream focus on the emergence patterns and search modes of disruptive technologies; Second, the Identification stream takes the screening and prediction of disruptive technologies into consideration; Third, the stream of Adoption and Diffusion mainly explore the process of disruptive technovation by which an enterprise uses disruptive technologies to enter an existing market or develop a new market.Finally, the paper analyzed the opportunities, constraints, and challenges of disruptive technovation in China under the situation of “competition between major powers” and looked forward to the future trends of disruptive technovation practice and studies under the complex international environment and new development pattern.