关键词: “卡脖子”技术, TRIZ理论, TRIZ技术创新分级, 技术创新, 技术创新方法

Abstract:    According to the basic judgment that there is no alternative but to implement excellent scientific and technological strategies and choose a scientific breakthrough path for China in the China-US technological competition, our study proposes a thinking system to solve the "bottleneck" technology problem based on TRIZ with the analysis of the characteristics of "bottleneck" issues, which is the key core technology, is not necessarily a new technology, is an existing technology, one part has, one part does not have, the owner uses the priority to impose restrictions on the non-owner, constitutes a "bottleneck". Specifically, we establish two interrelated mechanisms, namely the "bottleneck" technological macro-breakthrough mechanism at the strategy and application layer, and the "bottleneck" technological micro-breakthrough mechanism at the enterprises′ implementation layer with respect to the TRIZ technological innovation classification. At the macro-level, the government-led strategy layer mainly from the angle of view of conflict management, from the perspective of the macro set including technology, talent, institutional innovation, business environment, market and industry from six aspects of science and technology strategy, as provided in the application level of the enterprise with the leading basic guarantee, promoting enterprise and the integration collaboration among innovation subjects. The enterprise-led application layer is mainly based on the perspective of physical conflict and technical conflict in TRIZ theory, attracting interdisciplinary and cross industry knowledge and talents, building a micro mechanism for enterprises to break through "bottleneck" technology based on specific solutions, and realizing the improvement of technological innovation ability. At the micro-level, enterprises break through the "bottleneck" technology implementation mechanism based on TRIZ technology innovation classification. There are three points to breakthrough "bottleneck" technology, the first point is clearing scientific research foundation of enterprises, targeted research and development of "bottleneck" technology, the second point is the agglomeration of cross-industry, interdisciplinary knowledge and talent, which is the key to break through "bottleneck" technology, the third point is technology marketization which is the end of "bottleneck" technology. Moreover, four detailed breakthrough paths are suggested: first, we should establish the macro mechanism to solve the "bottleneck" technology problem facing the government and enterprises. Only by handling the relationship between the government and the market correctly and giving full play to the guiding role of the government and the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, can we lay a good foundation for the breakthrough of the "bottleneck" technology from the strategic mechanism. Second, we should foster the subject status of enterprises in innovation with the assistance of TRIZ. Highlighting the dominant position of enterprises in innovation is conducive for enterprises to gather all kinds of social resources, including talent, technology, platform, equipment and capital. TRIZ method is an effective way to break through the "bottleneck" technology. The "bottleneck" of the technology depends on the physical conflict and technical conflict, and the solution theory of physical conflict and technical conflict in the TRIZ method depends on the separation principle and the invention principle respectively. Based on its related principles, the TRIZ method is introduced into the enterprise, which can point out the research and development direction for the enterprise to solve the key "bottleneck" technology scientifically and efficiently, so as to improve the technological innovation ability of the enterprise. Third, we should establish the interdisciplinary and cross industry linkage mechanism with technology convergence. Characteristics of "bottleneck" technology determines that its breakthrough and innovation are impossible to be achieved by an individual or institution. It needs a series of knowledge systems, technology systems, industrial systems to support and establish interdisciplinary, cross-industry linkage mechanisms, dynamic coordination among the government, the market and enterprises. While clarifying the relationship between the government and the market, we should highlight the main role of enterprises in market-oriented innovation, promote the organic linkage between the government and enterprises, and create a systematic environment for enterprises to break through the "bottleneck" technology. Finally, we should enroll talents effectively through platforms. We should make full use of the functions of all kinds of laboratories and engineering centers, especially enterprise laboratories and engineering centers, to achieve the effective aggregation of interdisciplinary and cross industry outstanding talents, so as to lay the talent foundation for breaking the "bottleneck" technology, which is also the most fundamental foundation.

Key words: "bottleneck" technology, TRIZ theory, TRIZ technological innovation classification, technological innovation, technological innovation solution