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“一带一路”倡议与城市创新效率的空间关联
he Belt and Road Initiative and the spatial association of urban innovation efficiency
国内城市的创新效率及其空间关联性对于推动经济高质量发展起着重要作用,“一带一路”倡议促进了城市间在创新领域的交流互动和资源整合,也对创新效率的空间关联产生了深远影响。文章以“一带一路”倡议为背景,运用社会网络分析法对中国284个地级市的创新效率进行研究,探讨“一带一路”倡议对中国城市创新效率及其空间关联的影响。文章运用了DEA-Malmquist法测度各城市的创新效率,利用引力模型构建了中国城市创新效率网络,通过网络指标分析探索“一带一路”倡议对创新效率空间关联的影响,并采用QAP回归定量分析了创新效率网络的影响因素。研究发现:(1)近年来中国城市创新效率持续提高,但节点城市与非节点城市在创新效率上的差异在“一带一路”倡议实施后有所扩大;(2)“一带一路”倡议实施后,城市间创新效率的关联得到明显加强;(3)空间距离、经济发展、人力资本、对外开放和政府支持等因素均对创新效率存在显著影响;(4)“一带一路”倡议下城市创新效率网络的空间关联主要体现在节点城市对周边城市的溢出效应上。本研究在理论上拓展和丰富了对创新效率空间关联的研究,在实践上为创新效率的提升提供了政策建议。
The innovation efficiency and spatial associations of domestic cities play a crucial role in promoting high-quality economic development. The "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) has facilitated exchanges and resource integration in the field of innovation among cities, profoundly impacting the spatial associations of innovation efficiency. This paper, set against the backdrop of the BRI, employed a social network analysis to study the innovation efficiency of 284 prefecture-level cities in China, and explored the impact of the BRI on the innovation efficiency and spatial associations of Chinese cities. The paper used the DEA-Malmquist method to measure the innovation efficiency of each city and constructed a network of innovation efficiency among Chinese cities using the gravity model. Through the network indicator analysis, it explored the impact of the BRI on the spatial associations of innovation efficiency and employed the QAP regression to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of the innovation efficiency network. The study found that: (1) In recent years, the innovation efficiency of Chinese cities has continuously improved, but the gap in innovation efficiency between node cities and non-node cities has widened after the implementation of the BRI; (2) After the implementation of the BRI, the associations of innovation efficiency among cities have significantly strengthened; (3) Factors such as spatial distance, economic development, human capital, openness to the outside world, and government support all have significant impacts on innovation efficiency; and (4) Under the BRI, the spatial associations of the urban innovation efficiency network are mainly reflected in the spillover effects of node cities on surrounding cities. This study will theoretically expand and enrich the research on the spatial associations of innovation efficiency and provide policy recommendations for improving innovation efficiency in practice.
“一带一路”倡议 / 创新效率 / 社会网络分析 / 空间关联
Belt and Road Initiative / innovation efficiency / social network analysis / spatial correlation
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高质量发展是中国“十四五”乃至更长时期经济社会发展的主题,也是适应社会主要矛盾变化的基本要求,更是建设社会主义现代化国家的关键路径和遵循经济实践规律的根本所在。本文从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享5个维度构建经济高质量发展的评价指标体系,测度了2011—2018年中国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的经济高质量发展水平,在此基础上运用社会网络分析（SNA）和二次指派程序（QAP）分别对经济高质量发展的关联网络结构特征和经济高质量发展差异的作用机制进行分析。研究发现：① 空间关联网络的关联度一直为1,且网络密度稳定在0.2~0.26之间,省际经济高质量发展的空间关联网络通达性较强且存在多重叠加现象和一定的等级性,但关联紧密程度有待提高,各网络指标保持相对稳定。② 省际经济高质量发展的空间关联网络可以分为4个板块,其中以西部省份为主的“净溢出”板块获益最小;以中部省份为主的“经纪人”板块起着“中介”和“桥梁”的作用;以环渤海省份为主的“双向溢出”板块和以长三角、东南沿海省份为主的“净受益”板块在空间关联网络中的掌控和支配作用更大,且在全国经济高质量发展过程中所起的极化作用大于涓滴作用。③ 人力资本、城市化水平、金融科技和环境质量的地区差异都会直接造成地区间经济高质量发展水平的差异,人力资本差异对其贡献超过了90%。
High-quality development is the main focus of China's economic and social development in the 14th Five-year Plan (2021-2025) and even in a longer period. It is also the basic requirement to adapt to the changes of the main social contradictions and the key path to build a modern socialist country and the fundamental place to follow the law of economic practice. This paper constructs an evaluation index system of high-quality economic development from five dimensions of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and measures the high-quality economic development level of China's provincial-level regions from 2011 to 2018. On this basis, social network analysis (SNA) and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) are used to analyze the structural characteristics of the associated network of high-quality economic development and the mechanism of the difference of high-quality economic development. The results show that: (1) The correlation degree of spatial correlation network has always been 1, and the network density is stable, between 0.2 and 0.26. The spatial correlation network with high-quality development of inter-provincial economy has strong accessibility, multi-overlap and certain hierarchy, but the correlation tightness needs to be improved, and the network indicators remain relatively stable. (2) The spatial association network of inter-provincial high-quality development can be divided into four sections, among which the "net spillover" section with western provinces as the main section benefits the least; The "agent" plate, which is dominated by the central provinces, plays the role of "intermediary" and "bridge"; The "bidirectional spillover" plate dominated by provinces in the Bohai Rim and the "net beneficial" plate dominated by provinces in the Yangtze River Delta and southeast coastal areas play a greater role in controlling and dominating the spatial association network, and exert a greater effect in polarization rather than trickle down in the process of high-quality development of national economy. (3) The regional differences of human capital, urbanization level, financial technology and environmental quality will directly lead to the differences of high-quality economic development level between regions, among which, the difference of human capital contributes more than 90%. |
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随中国经济创新转型的大力实施及市场化改革的不断深入，当创新服务需求因转型而不断加大时，一省区极有可能因满足外部的创新服务需求而获得自身的创新发展。论文不仅使用探索性空间数据分析工具研究了1999-2010年中国各省区创新专利产出的空间分布格局与特征，并以一个表征市场潜能对地区创新发展影响的新经济地理学模型为基础，运用空间误差面板数据方法，考察了外部潜在的创新服务需求即市场潜能给地区创新发展带来的直接空间溢出效应。结果发现，中国创新发展存在随时间推移而日益加大的正向溢出性，并且市场潜能因素对中国各省区的创新发展及相互溢出具有重要影响，只不过由市场潜能所引致的创新空间溢出存在随地区间隔距离增大而减小的地理特性。
With the market-oriented reforms and the innovative transformation of China's economy，a province is likely to get access to development due to meet external demand for innovative services when the demand for innovative services is constantly increasing. Based on the ESDA method，this paper not only explores the feature of regional linkage and the spatial correlation among China's regional innovation output of patent from 1999 to 2010，but also try to explores the effect of the potential market on the regional innovation development or regional spillover in china with the help of the new-economy-geographical model. We find that there exists global spatial autocorrelation all over the country, and this kind of autocorrelation has been increasing since 1999. Meanwhile, the empirical analysis shows the potential market is important to the regional innovation growth and innovation spillover among regions. However the spatial spillover effect caused by the potential market will gradually vanish as the distance between regions increase.
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