为促进半导体产业的发展，实现关键技术自主可控，2014 年以重视产业发展的顶层设计和创新性加大市场化政策工具力度为主要特征的《国家集成电路产业发展推进纲要》出台，我国半导体产业发展迈入了技术上“强长板、补短板”的发力冲锋阶段。为明确产业政策对半导体企业创新行为的影响，研究从新结构经济学视角出发，以《纲要》的出台为天然准自然实验，基于 2012~2020 年微观企业级面板数据，构建双重差分模型，进行实证检验。研究结果表明，产业政策的实施对半导体企业创新绩效，尤其是探索式创新，存在明显促进作用；对高资本密集度企业、非国有企业和成长期企业的积极作用更为显著；从更长时间窗口看，政策效果表现为先上升后下降。研究结论为产业政策制定过程中充分考虑市场与政府结合的方式和时机、遵循异质性规律精准施策提供参考。

The irreplaceability of semiconductors and the current international political and economic situation have made how to achieve the rapid development of the semiconductor industry an urgent and important issue in China today. In 2014, the introduction of the " Outline for promoting the development of national integrated circuit industry ", which was mainly characterized by the top-level design of industrial development and the innovative increase of market-oriented policy tools, marked the development of Chinese semiconductor industry into a technologically strong growth. This stage is characterized by strengthening strengths and making up for weaknesses. From the perspective of new structural economics, the research uses the introduction of the "Outline" as a natural quasi-natural experiment, and builds a difference in differences model based on micro-enterprise-level panel data from 2012 to 2020 to empirically test the impacts of semiconductor industry policies on enterprise innovation performance. The test also considered the effects and duration of impacts, as well as different effects on heterogeneous enterprises. The research results show that the implementation of industrial policies has significant promoting effect on the innovation performance of semiconductor companies, especially exploratory innovation one. It also has a more significant positive effect on high-capital-intensive companies, non-state-owned companies, and growth-stage companies. Looking at a longer time window, the effect of the policy shows a trend of rising first and then falling situation. Therefore, it is concluded that the national large fund, investment and financing policies and other market-oriented policy tools can help the semiconductor industry to gradually transform into a comparative advantage industry; There are heterogeneity in the impacts of industrial policies on innovation of enterprises with different characteristics, and policy layout should follow the heterogeneity regulations. The promotion impacts of semiconductor industry policy on enterprise innovation performance increased first and then decreased. The early performance rise is related to the gradual emergence of policy effects and the lag of innovation output, while the subsequent decline is likely to be related to the diminishing marginal effect of direct intervention of industrial policies with the continuous improvement of the market, which should be paid attention to in industrial policy layout. The research contributions of this research are as follows. The potential comparative advantage characteristics of semiconductor industry are identified, which can be transformed into comparative advantage industry with the support of policy. The integration of the new structure economic theory into the related researches of industrial policy and enterprise innovation development provides empirical evidence for the combination of "promising government" and "effective market" proposed by the new structural economics. The function boundary of “two hands” in industrial innovation is explored by clarifying the effect of policy on heterogeneous enterprises and time effect. In addition, the conclusions of this research provide suggestions for policy making both in semiconductor and other similar industries. This research provides a new perspective and insight for studying the combination of "promising government" and "effective market" in promoting the development of industries with potential comparative advantages into industries with realistic comparative advantages, and the boundary of the role of "two hands" in industrial innovation. It also provide an reference for the country to formulate and optimize industrial policies and achieve precise policy implementation.

In management contexts, mathematical programming is usually used to evaluate a collection of possible alternative courses of action en route to selecting one which is best. In this capacity, mathematical programming serves as a planning aid to management. Data Envelopment Analysis reverses this role and employs mathematical programming to obtain ex post facto evaluations of the relative efficiency of management accomplishments, however they may have been planned or executed. Mathematical programming is thereby extended for use as a tool for control and evaluation of past accomplishments as well as a tool to aid in planning future activities. The CCR ratio form introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, as part of their Data Envelopment Analysis approach, comprehends both technical and scale inefficiencies via the optimal value of the ratio form, as obtained directly from the data without requiring a priori specification of weights and/or explicit delineation of assumed functional forms of relations between inputs and outputs. A separation into technical and scale efficiencies is accomplished by the methods developed in this paper without altering the latter conditions for use of DEA directly on observational data. Technical inefficiencies are identified with failures to achieve best possible output levels and/or usage of excessive amounts of inputs. Methods for identifying and correcting the magnitudes of these inefficiencies, as supplied in prior work, are illustrated. In the present paper, a new separate variable is introduced which makes it possible to determine whether operations were conducted in regions of increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale (in multiple input and multiple output situations). The results are discussed and related not only to classical (single output) economics but also to more modern versions of economics which are identified with “contestable market theories.”