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Demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance and the efficacy of national innovation system Zhao Binbin, Chen Kaihua 2023, 44(4): 1-10.  Abstract ( 343 )      Under the background of increasingly intensified international scientific and technological competition, how to improve the efficacy of national innovation system has been widely concerned by major countries. At present, system failure and transformation failure restrict the efficacy improvement of China′s national innovation system, and demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance provides a way to solve two types of failures and improve the efficacy of national innovation system. Based on the theoretical framework of demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance and national innovation system efficacy improvement, we summarize the international typical experience of demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance, analyze the demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance challenges faced by China′s national innovation system, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.Firstly, we build a theoretical analysis framework for demand-oriented governance of scientific and technological innovation and the efficacy of national innovation system, and explain the mechanism and path for demand-oriented governance of scientific and technological innovation to improve the efficacy of national innovation system. We propose that the system failure caused by the imperfect structure and operation mechanism of national innovation system restricts the efficacy of national innovation system from the structural level, and the transformation failure may also restrict the continuous improvement of national innovation system′s efficacy from the directional level. Demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance helps to solve structural problems caused by system failure and directional problems caused by transformation failure in the national innovation system, thus promoting the efficacy of the national innovation system.Secondly, we analyze the layout and practice of science and technology governance guided by US strategic demand-driven and EU mission-driven. The United States has long implemented national strategic demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance. Taking DARPA for example, DARPA is the most typical demand-oriented scientific research organization model in the United States, and has established a demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation project governance system. The EU continues to promote mission-oriented science and technology innovation governance. For example, Horizon Europe promotes project-driven science and technology innovation governance under the guidance of mission, so that research and innovation can better serve national strategies and meet social challenges.Thirdly, we analyze the main challenges about demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance that restrict the efficacy improvement of China′s national innovation system, and put forward the ways of conducting demand-oriented scientific and technological innovation governance. Based on the demand-oriented innovation paradigm and governance of scientific and technological innovation, the systematic layout of innovation direction, scientific and technological resources and innovation policies will help solve problems such as decentralized allocation of innovation resources, inconsistent interests of innovation subjects, and difficult transformation of scientific and technological achievements, so as to improve efficient allocation of scientific and technological innovation resources, organic coordination of various subjects and coordinated and adaptive departmental policies.The main conclusions of this study are as follows. Demand-oriented science and technology governance helps to solve system failure and transformation failure restrict the efficacy of national innovation system. From the practical level, demand-oriented science and technology governance has been embedded in the organization and management of science and technology activities in the United States and the European Union. Main reasons restricting the efficacy of China′s national innovation system include that China′s demand-oriented science and technology resource allocation system and evaluation system are not perfect, demand-oriented industry-university-research cooperation mechanism and guarantee mechanism are not well organized, and the science and technology innovation policy system that meets the new needs of economic and social development is not mature. Therefore, China urgently needs to coordinate the construction of the capacity, efficiency and direction of national innovation system, establish and improve demand-oriented science and technology governance system so as to strengthen the efficacy of national innovation system.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on value co-creation in cross-border innovation of enterprises: A study based on the perspective of ecosystem Wang Qian, Liu Xielin 2023, 44(4): 11-18.  Abstract ( 275 )      The rapid development of digital technology has changed the relationship of cooperation and competition among organizations, and the organizational boundary and value creation mode has changed accordingly. Enterprises can use the digital platform to coordinate the innovation activities of different participants, so as to expand and extend the value. Cross-border innovation takes the ecosystem as the carrier, and the product or service innovation carried out by hub firms and different participants around the digital platform is a complex value co-creation process with dynamic characteristics. In this ecosystem structure, hub firms actively cooperate with different participants, engage with shaping a new innovation environment and create and capture of cross-border value through governance to internal and external participants of the organization.By reviewing the existing literature, the innovation ecosystem is an important context for firms to break boundaries and create value with multiple participants. It can be regarded as a coordination structure formed by different participants around a complex value proposition, including suppliers, complementors and users. With the entry of participants in different industries, the innovation ecosystem has expanded into a cross-border ecosystem on the interaction between participants and users. This paper describes different types of cross-border innovation models from the two dimensions of activity focus and control focus and summarizes them into four types: hub firm leading, user demand leading, open innovation leading and ecosystem leading. On this basis, assisted by case analysis, this paper summarizes the micro mechanism and process mechanism of cross-border value co-creation driven by resource heterogeneity effect, knowledge spillover effect, direct network effect, indirect network effect and digital isomorphism effect.The paper points out that: (1) It is emphasized that cross-border innovation is a dynamic process rather than a static one, and enterprises need to control and govern different types of cross-border models; (2) The logic of cross-border innovation is the transition process from single innovation activity to multiple innovation activities, and the interdependence between innovation participants is the key source of building a cross-border ecosystem; (3) This paper puts forward the theoretical framework and future research direction of value co-creation process mechanism in cross-border innovation, which has strong theoretical value. In addition, in the context of the digital economy, a large number of participants such as suppliers, complementors, users and even competitors have joined the innovation activities of enterprises, resulting in the cross-border activities of enterprises breaking through a single ecosystem category and emerging a more complex and dynamic ecosystem.Therefore, the mechanism of the formation of value co-creation reveals the new relationship between resource integration in cross-border innovation and provides useful inspiration for firm innovation development and digital transformation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital economy, transaction cost and regional innovation and entrepreneurship in China Yuan Hang, Zhu Chengliang 2023, 44(4): 19-28.  Abstract ( 283 )        "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" is an important strategy for accelerating the construction of an innovative country, promoting regional innovation and entrepreneurship through the digital economy is a powerful tool for in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. At present, China′s economy is in a critical period of transition from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The wide application of digital technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence has gradually pushed the society into the era of digital economy, which has become a "new engine" for economic growth and occupies an important position in the national development strategy. The vigorous rise of the digital economy has brought new opportunities to enhance urban innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, making innovation and entrepreneurship activities that rely on digital technology media to reflect unprecedented openness, borderlessness and strong interaction. It provides support for the comprehensive implementation and in-depth promotion of China′s "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" strategy. However, there is no systematic research about the impact of the digital economy on the innovation and entrepreneurship. Then, can the development of the digital economy effectively promote regional innovation and entrepreneurship in China? What is the internal mechanism? And will there be differentiated impacts due to the differences in regional distribution, city level and other factors? The answer to these questions will be the focus of the following research in this paper. Based on the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper systematically examines the impact of the digital economy on regional innovation and entrepreneurship. The research found that: (1) The digital economy plays a significant role in promoting regional innovation and entrepreneurial in China. This promotion is still established after a series of endogenous tests and robustness tests, which affirms the positive impact of the digital economy on innovation and entrepreneurship and provides support for the in-depth implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship in China from the development of digital economy, which will lay a solid foundation for accelerating China rise to the forefront of the world′s innovative countries; (2) The mechanism test shows that the digital economy promotes regional innovation and entrepreneurship by reducing transaction costs, thereby smoothing the flow of factors, suppressing resource mismatches, and promoting regional innovation and entrepreneurship. It provides a new explanation from the aspect of transaction cost of the digital economy to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in the perspective of institutional economics; (3) This paper examines the different influences of digital economy on the regional innovation and entrepreneurship in China from three aspects: regional heterogeneity, city-level heterogeneity and innovation and entrepreneurship intensity heterogeneity. And the heterogeneity test shows that the digital economy has a stronger effect on promoting the innovation and entrepreneurship activities in southern cities, general-level cities and lower-level innovation and entrepreneurship cities. It is necessary to attach great importance to the further differentiation of the development of the digital economy on the innovation and entrepreneurship between northern and southern cities.Based on the new development stage and new development pattern, in the face of the complex and severe international and domestic economic situation, in order to further build China into a strong country both in the digital economy and innovation and entrepreneurship, and create a "new benchmark" for driving regional innovation and entrepreneurship with the digital economy, combining with the above research conclusions of this paper, some policy implications are put forward as follows: First, vigorously promote the development of the digital economy, release the positive driving effect of the digital economy on regional innovation and entrepreneurship, and provide strategic support to enter the forefront of the world′s innovative countries at an early date. Second, strengthen the effect of the digital economy in reducing transaction costs, accelerate the free flow of information and other resources, optimize the allocation of innovation and entrepreneurship resources, and continuously enhance regional innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities. Finally, attach great importance to the development gap between the north and the south of the digital economy, strengthen the positive role of the digital economy in promoting the balanced development of innovation and entrepreneurship, and effectively ensure the comprehensive, sufficient, and balanced driving role of the digital economy in regional innovation and entrepreneurship in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on spatial correlation of industrial innovation and its influencing factors in China: An analysis based on the relationship of inter-regional industrial supply and demand Gu Xiaomei, Fan Decheng 2023, 44(4): 29-38.  Abstract ( 79 )       At present, China′s industry is facing double pressure at home and abroad. Accelerating promotion of the innovation-driven strategy is the inevitable choice for China to get rid of the constraints. However, limited by the foundation of innovation and the level of openness, there are obvious inter-regional differences in industrial innovation output in China. Moreover, inter-regional technological exchanges and knowledge spillovers are also insufficient, which hinders the improvement of overall innovation level. How to strengthen the regional innovation connection and build a regional collaborative innovation community has become a difficult problem for China′s industry to overcome. Since industrial production activities in any region cannot be carried out separately from other regions, the supply and demand relationships are the basis of inter-regional industrial spatial correlation. Along with production relationship, the innovation output will also overflow among regions. Therefore, if the inter-regional industrial innovation spillovers relationship is explored from the perspective of production relations, the inter-regional innovation spillovers can be increased quickly and effectively, which is of great significance to the formulation of inter-regional industrial collaborative innovation strategies.Considering the internal consistency of input-output technology and SNA method, this paper combines the two methods to analyze the spatial spillovers of industrial innovation from the perspective of production relations. First, this paper merges the industrial sectors in the input-output tables of 30 provincial-level regions in China to obtain the inter-regional industrial input-output table. And on this basis, the spatial spillovers of industrial innovation based on the supply relationship and demand relationship is measured. Then, this paper adopts the social network analysis method to construct the industrial innovation spatial correlation networks based on the supply and demand relationships. Finally, this paper analyzes the structural characteristics of innovation networks in two directions, and adopts the QAP method to reveal the main causes of spatial correlation of industrial innovation.Through above analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) Through the analysis of the overall structure characteristics of the networks in two direction, it is found that although the regional industries have established increasingly close and stable innovation linkages based on production relations, the density of the innovation networks in two directions is lower than 0.5 in the five research years, indicating that the degree of innovation spatial correlation is low and needs to be strengthened. The innovation spillovers issued by various regions have always been balanced while the flow of innovation spillovers has become more centralized, meaning that the level threshold of innovation networks has become more obvious. (2) Through the analysis of the status and role of each region in the networks, it is found that in the network based on the supply relationship, 8 provincial-level regions such as Beijing, Anhui and Chongqing play the central role. They act as intermediaries in the innovation relations among other regions and can easily obtain innovation resources. Nine provincial-level regions such as Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Fujian have low participation in the network and weak innovation relationship with other provinces. In the network based on the demand relationship, nine provincial-level regions such as Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong are the key nodes, while ten provincial-level regions such as Beijing, Heilongjiang and Guangxi are on the edge. (3) Through the analysis of the regional spatial clustering characteristics and the roles of regional plates, combined with the innovation spillovers paths among regional plates, it is found that the innovation networks in two directions can both be clustered into four plates, playing three roles including beneficiary, broker and spillover. At the same time, there exist the agglomerations of regions with strong influence and that of regions with weak influence in the two networks, without obvious geographical division. Comparing to the weak internal links of four plates, the innovation spillovers among them are stronger. (4) Through the QAP correlation analysis, it is found that geographical proximity as well as the regional differences in R&D personnel, R&D funds, technology upgrading funds and foreign capital utilization are the main reasons for the formation of the spatial correlation of industrial innovation. From the perspective of evolution trend of influence, it can be seen that the influence of geographical proximity has a decreasing trend, while the influence of R&D personnel, R&D funds, technology upgrading funds and foreign capital utilization have increased. The other factors all have little influence on the spatial correlation of industrial innovation, and are only significant in a few years. Among them, regional differences in the level of industrial development can strengthen the spatial correlation of innovation based on the supply relationship while weaken that based on the demand relationship. The regional differences in economic development level, infrastructure and marketization level can strengthen the spatial correlation of industrial innovation in two directions.Based on the above empirical conclusions, this paper puts forward targeted and detailed policy recommendations, in order to provide reference for optimizing inter-regional industrial production relations, promoting the spatial spillovers of industrial innovation and building regional industrial collaborative innovation community. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Boundary permeability of research and development and innovation of enterprises: The regulatory role of replication of routines Liu Jingdong, Zhou Qiaoyan, Xiao Yao, Zhu Mengyan 2023, 44(4): 39-46.  Abstract ( 114 )       Knowledge is an important resource in organizations. Resource-based view holds that knowledge is rooted in the culture, routines, system and many other aspects of enterprises, so the effective use of resources affects the innovation of the enterprise, and it can also bring sustainable competitive advantages to the enterprises. Innovation is the result of the interaction between a variety of heterogeneous resources, so alliance cooperation has become an important way to obtain innovation resources, and it may bring unexpected harvests——spillover resources that are difficult to identify and constantly permeate. But companies will face a risky option in the process of innovation cooperation: to use fewer but fully controlled resources, or to access a wider range of resources under limited control.In this paper, 138 valid questionnaires were collected from the biopharmaceutical, electronic information and high-end manufacturing industries in Hefei. Based on knowledge management theory and innovation theory, this paper proposes the concept of R&D boundary permeability from the perspective of the spillover resources that are difficult to clarify and constantly permeate in the R&D alliance, and it systematically analyzes the mechanism of R&D boundary permeability and replication of routines on enterprise innovation.The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D boundary permeability and firm radical innovation, but the inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D boundary permeability and firm incremental innovation is not obvious. Replication of routines strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D boundary permeability and firm radical innovation. It also found that replication of routines is a process of consolidating the relationship with other enterprises, which can strengthen the trust between enterprises, promote the resources flow between different enterprises, promote the enterprise incremental innovation. Thus, R&D boundary permeability and incremental innovation also has an inverted U-shaped relationship.The research results fill the gap of domestic R&D boundary permeability. Permeability is one of the key issues in early R&D boundary decision, so it has an important impact on the innovation capability of enterprises. However, scholars mostly focus on the relationship between network conventions and dual innovation, while ignoring the relationship between the R&D boundary permeability and dual innovation. Based on a review of the literature, this paper clarifies the concept of R&D boundary permeability, establishes the relationship between boundary permeability and firm innovation, and attempts to explore the moderating effect of replication of routines on the mechanism of boundary permeability on innovation capability.For the enterprises in the alliance network, the research results are helpful to the improvement of their dual innovation ability. Firstly, it is proved that moderate boundary permeability is the most beneficial to promote the improvement of innovation ability of enterprises. Secondly, according to different types of innovation activities, the selection of conventional or flexible replication of routines is conducive to the coordination management and resource acquisition and utilization in innovation activities, which can further promote the innovation of enterprises.The research conclusion also has the important enlightenment to the enterprise innovation practice. The modern era is highly open, and knowledge flows quickly. More than ever, leaders need to be open minded and inclusive. Enterprises should take the initiative to learn from excellent enterprises, maintain a good relationship and strengthen communication with excellent enterprise partners, effectively use organizational routines, promote the heterogeneous knowledge flow between different organizations, and provide guarantee for the improvement of innovation ability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence mechanism of government subsidy on corporate R&D investment: Some evidence from the perspective of executives′ innovation efforts Jin Guanghui, Wang Lei, Ma Ning 2023, 44(4): 47-55.  Abstract ( 117 )      R&D investment is a long-term investment with high risks and it faces strong financing constraints, so the incentive is weak for corporate executives to increase R&D investment. Government subsidy can mitigate financing constraints, but the conclusions are mixed regarding the link between government subsidy and R&D investment, because there is a gap from the alleviation of financing constraints to the realization of R&D investment, and it is not clear whether government subsidy will spur executives′ efforts in R&D investment. Thus, based on the perspective of executives′ innovation efforts, the paper investigates directly the incentive effects of government subsidy on R&D investment. Government subsidy can reduce the performance pressure induced by the expensing of R&D expenditure, but also weaken the link between performance and executives′ efforts, then may reduce the sensitivity of pay-performance. At the same time, the performance evaluation is more innovation-oriented as enterprises attach more importance to innovation activities, government subsidy helps change the attitude of the corporate executive to the risk of R&D investment, then may increase the sensitivity of pay-R&D investment. The paper takes the A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2009 to 2018 as a sample, selects the data from CSMAR and CCER databases, and employs a fixed-effect panel-based regression approach to test the predictions. The result shows that government subsidy can reduce the sensitivity of pay-performance while increasing the sensitivity of pay-R&D investment, and the conclusion is robust when considering the endogeneity issue and changing proxies of the main variables. In the section of further analysis, it shows that the above effect is significant in companies with stronger intensity of government subsidy, while the effect is not significant for companies with higher performance pressure based on industry comparison or companies that continuously receiving government subsidy. Government subsidy reduces corporate business risk and provides incentives for executives to engage in R&D investments with relatively higher risk.This paper contributes to the existing literature in the following three aspects. First, it expands the mechanism of how government subsidy affects corporate R&D investment. Prior studies mainly focus on the alleviation effect of government subsidy on financial constraints, this paper focuses on the incentive effect of government subsidy on executives′ efforts in R&D investment with the aid of the sensitivity of pay-R&D investment. Second, it provides empirical evidence on which forms of government subsidy are more effective. The intensity of government subsidy is more effective than its persistence, and the subsidy providing to the enterprises with low performance pressure is more effective. Lastly, it analyses the possible path of how government subsidy affects executives′ innovation efforts. Government subsidy changes the attitude of the corporate executive to the risk and motivates them to put more efforts into R&D investment with higher risk. The research conclusion has three implications in practice. First, the use efficiency of government subsidy should be maximized; the formulation of relevant policy should consider the psychological effect of the corporate executive who receives the subsidy; and the spillover effects should be demonstrated in project selection. Second, it is more effective to motivate executives′ innovation efforts in the form of investing before subsidizing or subsidizing based on innovation results. Lastly, it should consider adding back the expensed R&D investment or adding clauses directly to motivate R&D investment when design compensation contracts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the linkage effect of technological innovations driven by talent policies in enterprises Liu Yiqing, Chen Cheng, Chen Si 2023, 44(4): 56-66.  Abstract ( 125 )      Since 2017, there have been frequent promulgations of central and local talent policies. The government expects to stimulate technological innovation of enterprises through talent policies. But how exactly do talent policies diffuse and transmit to promote the technological innovations of enterprises? There is little discussion on the relationship between talent policies and enterprise technological innovation, and there is also a lack of exploration on the path of enterprise technological innovation driven by talent policies. Based on the policy diffusion theory, the paper takes the 2017 talent scramble as an observation point to integrate the motives and dynamics of enterprise technological innovation from three levels of talent policy grafting government resources, driving enterprise resources, and attracting social resources into a unified framework, and uses the fsQCA method to explore the linkage effects and dynamic path changes of corporate innovation performance of 26 listed companies in Jiangxi Province before the release of talent policy (2016) and after the implementation of talent policy (2018 and 2019). It is found that: (1) single factors such as government subsidies, enterprise resources, and commercial credit do not constitute the necessary conditions for the performance of enterprises′ technological innovation. The explanatory power of single antecedent conditions is weak, and the combination of multiple antecedent conditions is necessary to explain; (2) The driving factors such as government subsidies, enterprise resources and business credit form heterogeneous paths with different paths. In addition, there are obvious differences in the driving paths of enterprises′ technological innovation performance before and after the implementation of the talent policy, showing a gradual concentration and a shift of the dominant factor to the internal input of enterprises, and forming three configuration patterns explained independently by government subsidies elements, jointly explained by government subsidies and enterprise resources, and jointly explained by enterprise resources and external credit factors; (3) The percentage of invention patents increases and the percentage of non-invention patents decreases with the support of talent policy, which indicates that talent policy has an inhibitory effect on the strategic innovation behavior of the enterprise, validating the view that "talent policy has a signaling function of resource grafting". Finally, the study offers thoughts from both the government and enterprises. The government should continue to focus on the driving and penetrating effects of talent policy implementation, actively release the signal of talent policy support, and drive and collaborate with social resources to promote enterprise technological innovation; enterprises should make full use of the resource advantages of talent policy support, break through their own resource constraints, strengthen the linkage between government, enterprises and social factors to match the role of targeted strategies to improve enterprise technological innovation performance.The paper reveals the core conditions and driving paths of enterprise technological innovation driven by talent policy from a configuration perspective, and compares the configuration differences before and after talent policy, providing a holistic perspective on the complex interactions and causal asymmetric relationship between the conditions of enterprise technological innovation, offering new path explanations for talent policy-driven enterprise technological innovation, and enriching the research on the effects of talent policy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific and technological service agglomeration and technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises Qian Long, Cai Shukai 2023, 44(4): 67-76.  Abstract ( 98 )       Since 2010, the output value of China′s manufacturing industry has remained the largest in the world, and its industrial innovation capacity has been significantly improved. The scale and intensity of China′s R&D investment has been increasing, and the number of corporate patent applications has been among the top in the world. However, as a whole, there is still a big innovation gap with developed countries, and there is still a long way to go in the innovation capacity of the manufacturing industry. How to effectively promote the innovation capacity of the manufacturing industry has long been an important topic to policy makers, academic researchers, business managers and the public.S&T service is knowledge-intensive, technology-intensive and human-capital-intensive, and its professional services and technical services have effectively improved the added value of manufacturing industry and the technical content of products. With the development of economy, S&T service is showing the characteristics of agglomeration. Then, can S&T service agglomeration improve the technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises? What influence does it have on the technological innovation behavior of manufacturing enterprises? We can accelerate the development of S&T service, foster new drivers of innovative development in the manufacturing industry, fulfill innovation-driven transformation of China′s economy, promote deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industry and build a modern economic system, which has very important academic value and practical significance, if the influence of S&T service agglomeration on manufacturing industry is well researched.To solve this problem, this paper uses the World Bank in 2012 China enterprise survey database and city level data to empirically analyze the effect of S&T service agglomeration on technology innovation of manufacturing industry, connecting macro S&T service agglomeration and technology innovation of micro manufacturing enterprises, making up for the deficiency research on the innovation impact of S&T service agglomeration at the micro field, providing a new idea for manufacturing enterprises to improve technological innovation ability and providing more direct evidence that S&T service agglomeration can promote the technological innovation of manufacturing industry. The research results of this paper are as follows:Firstly, S&T service agglomeration has a significant promoting effect on the innovation probability and innovation intensity of manufacturing enterprises, that is, S&T service agglomeration improves the extensive margin and intensive margin of technological innovation activities in manufacturing enterprises. On average, the probability and intensity of technological innovation output of manufacturing enterprises will increase by 22% and 4.7% for each unit increase of location entropy of S&T service. S&T service agglomeration improves the possibility and intensity of enterprise′s technological innovation activities, improves the participation rate of enterprise′s R&D and innovation activities, increases the investment intensity of technological innovation, and promotes the improvement of enterprise′s innovation ability and core competitiveness.Secondly, through the analysis of the impact on the technological innovation behavior, the results show that S&T service has only some positive effects on exploitative innovation and imitation innovation, the exploratory innovation, independent innovation and cooperative innovation was not significant at the present stage, which suggests that China′s current S&T service fails to satisfy well the qualitive improvement for technology innovation of manufacturing industry, and innovation-leading function of S&T service still needs to be further explored and improved. The conclusion of this paper enriches the research on the impact of the S&T service agglomeration on the technological innovation behavior of enterprises.Based on the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward specific policy recommendations from three perspectives: amplify agglomeration scale of S&T service, improve agglomeration quality of S&T service and strengthen industrial association between S&T service and manufacturing industry. From the perspective of related industry layout, this paper provides micro evidence on how S&T service agglomeration promotes technological innovation in manufacturing enterprises, and has important enlightenment significance on how to give play to the innovation promotion role of S&T service agglomeration to help the manufacturing industry for gaining competitive advantages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence mechanism of technological innovation on consumption upgrading from the perspective of supply-side structural reform Peng Wei, Xiong Ke, Tang Hua 2023, 44(4): 77-84.  Abstract ( 75 )      China′s economy has entered into the era of "the New Normal" and is at an important juncture which demands a change in development concepts, optimization of economic structure and a shift in growth drivers. However, under "the New Normal", the imbalance of supply and demand structure still exists for a long time, which may affect the long-term balanced growth of China′s economy. Therefore, it is an important topic to explore effective methods to unleash the potential of individual consumption, accelerate the establishment of a "dual circulation" development pattern, and further relieve the contradiction between the growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development.Prior research has focused on how relationship embedded between consumption upgrading and its influencing factors, with little attention on the role technological innovation played and its mechanism. This paper makes an attempt to examine these important yet unexplored issues. Therefore, based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2006 to 2017, we addressed this gap by examining the channels through which technological innovation influences consumption upgrading from the perspective of the mediating effect of the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. We first take DEA-malquist approach, including 3 input factors and 2 output factors, to proxy the level of regional technological innovation in China. We also add to the growing use of the classification of consumption upgrading into survival, enjoyment and development consumption. Most importantly, given that industrial solutions also contribute to improvement of consumption demand, we further introduce the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure into our framework to testify the possible mediating effect. Overall, this paper explores the dynamic relationship between technological innovation, the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and the consumption upgrading. It is found that the consumption upgrading has a "Stickiness", demonstrating that the lag of the first stage consumption level has a positive impact on the current consumption. The dynamic empirical results also show a significant influence of technological innovation on consumption upgrading, identifying the essential role to break the "Stickiness". The higher the efficiency of technological innovation, the more conducive to promoting the transition from food and clothing consumption to development and enjoyment consumption. We then take one step forward to exploit the possible impact of industrial structure, and a mediating effect of the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure has been testified. Our work contributes to the relevant literature in the following aspects. First, we identify the relationship between technological innovation, the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and the consumption upgrading in Chinese context. To the best of our knowledge, this channel is new to the literature on the realm of consumption upgrading research. Our study provides a complement to the literature on the mediating role played by industrial structure. Second, based on the testable hypothesis, the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, instead of the traditional fixed-effect model, is employed to control for potential endogeneity and introduce dynamic effects in this paper. Third, our study adds to the literature by exploring the heterogeneity in different types of consumption upgrading. In addition, the testification of the impact of industrial structure allows us to shed light on the specific transmission channel to provide a more nuanced and complete understanding of the driving force for consumption upgrading in China.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the recognition results of high-tech enterprises based on the PSM-DID Model Liu Ziyu, Du Yushen 2023, 44(4): 85-92.  Abstract ( 122 )       Innovation is the primary driving force for development and the strategic underpinning for building a modernized economy. In order to encourage innovation and development of enterprises, the Chinese government issued the Measures for Administration of High-Tech Enterprise Recognition in April 2008, which granted the approved enterprises the qualification of high-tech enterprises, with which the enterprises could enjoy 10% income tax reduction. The evaluation of the recognition results of high-tech enterprises has important reference value for further implementation and improvement of policies, and has important practical significance for promoting the innovation and development of high-tech enterprises. Therefore, based on the research sample of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2017, this paper uses the main component analysis method to construct the measurement index of the recognition results of high-tech enterprises, uses propensity score matching method to balance the systematic differences between the experimental group and the control group, and evaluates the implementation effect of the current policy by using the DID model.The study found that the current policy can improve the technological innovation ability of enterprises on the whole, but it has no significant influence on the ability to commercialize technological achievements. The results of dynamic marginal effect analysis show that the promotion effect of high-tech enterprise qualification on the technological innovation ability of enterprises increases first and then decreases, but there is no regular effect on the ability to commercialize technological achievements. The result of heterogeneity analysis shows that the current policy has better incentive effect on large scale, abundant cash flow, strong operation ability and growing enterprises.The policy implications of this paper include the following points. First of all, policy makers should follow the inherent rules of innovation activities, establish a long-term assessment mechanism, and moderately relax the assessment period for some industries with high innovation risk or long R&D cycle, so as to avoid strategic innovation in order to meet the policy requirements. In addition, the evaluation factor of "time to acquire intellectual property" should be added to the policy, so as to raise the requirement for new intellectual property of enterprises, and promote the continuous innovation input and output of enterprises. Also, policymakers should guide enterprises to pay attention to the commercial value of innovation results, add requirements on the financial performance of the commercialization of innovation results, and prevent the occurrence of speculation. What′s more, policymakers should enrich existing support policies for high-tech enterprises by offering direct subsidies for small firms′ innovation rather than ex post facto tax breaks. Besides, the government should build convenient financing platforms for high-tech enterprises, increase support for innovative projects with commercial value, and help high-tech enterprises to better balance R&D and innovation investment with capital liquidity. Also, policymakers should include operational capacity into the recognition standards, give appropriate policy preference to enterprises with strong operational capacity, give correct guidance to enterprises with weak operational capacity, and give full play to the incentive effect of policies. Finally, policymakers should adopt differentiated recognition standards and supporting policies according to the life cycle of enterprises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the mechanism of “market for technology” from the perspective of institutional logic Zhang Ying, Xu Qiang, Cheng Cong 2023, 44(4): 93-102.  Abstract ( 82 )      Since the beginning of the 1990s, the system of "market-for-technology" was launched as a national innovation strategy of China′s reform and opening-up. The purpose of this strategy is to improve the technological level of Chinese enterprises by transferring/opening the huge market of China to foreign enterprises and introduce and absorb foreign advanced technologies. However, the market practice in the past 30 years shows that "market opening" has not made local enterprises obtain advanced technology well, and most of them are lost in the cycle of technological "catching up, lagging behind, catching up and lagging behind again". Thus, under the policy of "market-for-technology", how to develop an appropriate market and technology strategy for domestic enterprises to catch up with foreign companies? In this paper, we adopt the single-case exploratory research method, take two typical M&A cases of Sanhua with Lankel, and Sanhua with Danfoss as the research object, and then obtain the following research conclusions. First, the institutional logic changes in the process of competition and cooperation between Chinese and foreign companies under the framework of "market-for-technology" include two mechanisms: reform-oriented logic transformation and development-type logic transformation. Further, the reform logic transformation usually takes place in the emerging markets with relatively low product technology threshold and huge market potential to be developed. Its logic basis is that the market positions of the two parties in the competition and cooperation will be completely changed with the change of the competition and cooperation relationship. In the process of reform-oriented logic transformation, based on market-first strategy, local enterprises adopt the market heuristic strategy which is isolation first and then follow-up, and the technology accumulation paradigm which is exploration first and then use. Second, developmental logic is usually generated in a relatively mature market with a high technical threshold of products. Its logical basis lies in the fact that the market positions of the competing and cooperating parties are relatively equal. Through the transformation of the situation from cooperation to competition, the competitiveness of the enterprise is finally strengthened. In the process of development-type logic transformation, based on technology-first strategy, Chinese enterprises adopt the market heuristic strategy which is follow-up first and then isolation, and the technology accumulation paradigm which is use first and then exploration.This paper contributes to institutional logic theory through understanding the system of " market-for-technology" of domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises dominate the system logic change and its driving mechanism between them. First of all, based on China′s system of "market-for-technology" logic presupposition, Chinese enterprise market heuristic mechanism can be summarized as isolation mechanism and follow up strategy, at the same time, the technology accumulation is divided into independent exploration and external utilization. Secondly, the dynamic interaction between the market heuristic mechanism and the technology accumulation mode is discussed from the micro perspective of the logical transformation of the enterprise system. The relevant conclusions are of enlightening significance to explain the reliability of " market-for-technology" since the reform and opening up.The practical implications of this paper are as follows. On the one hand, for untapped and emerging markets with low technological requirement, Chinese enterprises with technological disadvantages should explore and develop low-end products independently, and occupy the domestic market quickly through market isolation strategy, so as to obtain the capital of key technology transfer negotiations with foreign leading enterprises, and provide technical support for comprehensively occupying the international market. On the other hand, in a mature market with relatively high technological requirements, in order to enter the international market, local enterprises should pay special attention to product technology improvement, and a relatively balanced market position can ensure local enterprises achieving technological leadership when enterprises jointly operate in the domestic market. Related Articles | Metrics

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How can performance feedback of technology enterprises affect the R&D information disclosure? Cheng Xinsheng, Xiu Haoxin, Zhou Cheng 2023, 44(4): 103-111.  Abstract ( 88 )       Relevant research found that R&D information disclosure includes both positive motivation such as easing information asymmetry, attracting strategic alliances, and mitigating agency conflicts, and negative motivation such as confusing investors, misleading competitors, and opportunistic manipulation. Therefore, how to identify the R&D information disclosure motivation is an important issue in information disclosure research. Considering the unique explanatory power of enterprise characteristics, this paper comprehensively analyzes the motivation of R&D information disclosure in technology enterprises from the perspective of performance feedback. This paper integrates enterprise behavior theory, strategic reference point theory and dynamic expectation theory to propose the overall category of performance feedback. From the perspective of configuration, performance feedback is a theoretical combination of three current results (performance, backward-looking and forward-looking attainment gap), and two previous results (historical and industry attainment gap). According to the time sequence, this paper determines the anchor points of performance feedback as "previous results" and "current results", and further extends the relationship of two anchor points into three categories: consistent, co-existent, contradictory.Our findings have the following suggestions: (1) any single explanatory attribute of performance feedback does not constitute a necessary condition of high R&D information disclosure of technology enterprises, but forward-looking expectation deficit plays a universal role in high R&D disclosure. (2) The paper found that four recipes—performance feedback—will lead to high R&D information disclosure of technology enterprises, namely, negative consistency under the absence of historical attainment gap (neutral-negative symbiosis), ambiguity under the absence of performance (fuzzy-neutral symbiosis), negative dominance under the historical expectation surplus (fuzzy-negative symbiosis), positive dominance under the industry expectation deficit and forward-looking expectation deficit (fuzzy coincidence), which respectively shows the disclosure motivation of innovation whitewashing, self-interested justification, innovation inclusion and competitive statement. (3) The four configurations that trigger high R&D information disclosure of technology enterprises all have positive market responses, indicating that R&D information disclosure strategy of technology enterprises is effective. The theoretical contributions are as follows: (1) This paper conducts NCA study to examine the necessary relationship between each single explanatory attribute of performance feedback and R&D information disclosure of technology enterprises. Relevant findings break through the limitations of Merkley and other scholars, confirming that poor performance does not necessarily lead to high R&D information disclosure. (2) This paper systematically integrates the five explanatory attributes of performance feedback, which contributed to the understanding of the relationship between the consistent, co-existent, contradictory of previous results and the current results. Previous studies have ignored multiple dimensions of performance feedback, and also failed to focus on R&D information disclosure. This paper systematically integrates performance feedback and develops its interaction, which provides new ideas for subsequent research. (3) This paper makes a more systematic and specific analysis of R&D information disclosure motivations, which has strong practical significance for the decision-making of technology enterprises. Relevant findings not only reveal the motivation of technology enterprises for innovation whitewash, self-interest defense, innovation tolerance and competitive statement, but also put forward requirements for the interpretation ability of external stakeholders. Investors, competitors and other subjects need to understand the "hidden voice" of technology enterprises and master the strategic logic behind R&D information.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the efficiency of China′s regional port groups under the integrated operation mode Jia Peng, Ma Qifei, Wu Tong, Lu Shenglan, Kuang Haibo 2023, 44(4): 112-126.  Abstract ( 71 )      Over the past 40 years since the reform and opening up, China′s economy has become more and more closely linked to the world economy. Ports have become a window to represent the national economic development, urban economic growth and opening up. They are important strategic resources for the national and regional development. By 2022, China has occupied eight of the top ten ports in the world with the largest throughput, and China has become a recognized port power in the world. However, there are still many problems in China′s ports, such as serious homogenization and disorderly competition, low utilization rate of port resources and unreasonable functional allocation, which lead to low port efficiency and slow down the pace of building a world-class port in China.With the rapid development of the global economy, and the continuous strengthening of the port collection and distribution conditions and loading and unloading capacity brought by technological innovation, the radiation radius of the port service hinterland is constantly expanding, and the process of the port development to large-scale and specialization is constantly accelerating. In order to improve the scale effect and competitiveness of port groups, all the major ports around the world have gradually started the practice process of port integration. Under this background, how to scientifically evaluate the development efficiency of China′s port groups under the integrated operation mode, identify the driving factors that affect the development of port groups, and explore the resource intensive optimization and governance strategies of regional port groups suitable for the "integrated operation" mode is a scientific issues worthy of academic study, which is of great significance to build a world-class port in China.Based on the scientific connotation of regional port group efficiency under the integration operation mode, this paper takes "regional port group" as a whole as a decision-making unit, divides the operation process of regional port group into production stage and hinterland service stage from micro and macro levels, and measures the total efficiency and staged efficiency of nine regional port groups in China from 2010 to 2019 by using the super-efficiency network SBM model considering the unexpected output. In addition, we apply the standard deviation ellipse model and Tobit model to further discuss the spatial evolution of the regional port group efficiency and its influencing factors, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the efficient development of regional port groups. It is found that, from the time dimension, the total efficiency, production efficiency and hinterland service efficiency of China′s port groups all showed an upward trend during the evaluation period, and the hinterland service efficiency contributed a lot to the total efficiency. From the perspective of spatial dimension, the efficiency of port groups in southern China is generally higher than that in northern China. In the later period of the study, the focus of efficiency shifted from south to north, and the imbalance of regional development improved. The age, location advantage, industrial structure and hinterland collection and distribution capacity of the port can promote the improvement of the regional port groups efficiency, while the increase of port infrastructure can inhibit the improvement of regional port groups efficiency.The above conclusions have important policy implications for promoting the process of China′s port integration and realizing the goal of world-class ports construction. First, China should optimize resource allocation, promote the rational and efficient utilization of port resources, and improve the production efficiency of port groups. Second, it should strengthen exchanges and cooperation, narrow the development gap between the northern and southern ports, and realize balanced regional development. Third, it should also promote technology upgrading, build an intelligent collecting and dispatching system, promote multi-level and high-quality services for regional ports, and continuously improve the efficiency of regional port groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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Can legal protection improve the quality of enterprise innovation? Zhou Zhou, Xia Xiaoyu, Li Yameng 2023, 44(4): 127-135.  Abstract ( 91 )      Enterprise innovation is an important driving force to promote high-quality development of economy and an inevitable requirement of building a country strong on quality. Therefore, how to improve the innovation quality of China′s enterprises effectively has become increasingly the focus of attention from all walks of life. To this end, a series of policies have been issued by government to continuously strengthen the support for invention patents, guide the market and enterprises to pay more attention to invention patents, and realize the improvement of enterprise innovation quality. However, relying only on the active guidance and support of the government is not a long-term solution. It is essential and fundamental to promote the endogenous upgrading of enterprise innovation activities through market forces, which needs a strong legal protection. So far, the economic development of China is still constrained by the low-quality innovation and inadequate legal protection. Therefore, this paper deeply discusses the relationship between legal protection and innovation quality of China′s enterprises, hoping to further fill the research gaps in the field of "law and innovation", and provide theoretical references for legal protection and innovation development in China.Based on the analysis of enterprise innovation motivation, this paper assumes that the legal protection can increase the demand of substantive innovation, crowd out the strategic innovation, so as to improve the innovation quality of enterprises. In this paper, the indirect mechanism of capital effect, technology effect and information effect are theoretically assumed based on the three problems of "financing constraint", "insufficient technology reserve" and "information asymmetry" faced by enterprises in the process of improving innovation quality. Based on the patent application data of listed companies in China′s manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2016, we analyze the average effect and influencing mechanism of legal protection on the innovation quality of enterprises. From the empirical results, we found that legal protection has a positive effect on promoting substantive innovation and overall innovation quality of enterprises, and has a certain inhibitory effect on strategic innovation. Besides, the analysis based on multiple intermediary models shows that legal protection can promote substantive innovation of enterprises through capital effect, technology effect and information effect, among which the technology effect is the dominant intermediary effect. Further research shows that compared with the improvement of judicial efficiency, justice, enforcement, transparency and legal intermediary organizations can better promote enterprises to carry out substantive innovation and improve the innovation quality. And legal protection has a more obvious positive impact on the substantive innovation and innovation quality of non-high-tech enterprises and mature enterprises.According to the research results, we draw out the following policy implications: First, the national judicial organs should strengthen the legal protection for the substantive innovation of enterprises, and implement different legal protections for innovation according to the characteristics of enterprises and the external environment. Second, it is essential to further protect and promote enterprises′ trade credit, promote the long-term development of technology trading market, standardize the accounting information disclosure of listed companies, and strengthen the effective ways of legal protection to improve the enterprises′ innovation quality. Finally, higher efficiency of legal protection should be established on the basis of ensuring impartiality, which also needs to break the dilemma of "law enforcement difficulty", increase the degree of legal openness, and support high-quality legal intermediary organizations in the market.Compared with the existing researches, the innovations of this paper lie in the followings: First, considering the level of innovation, this paper does a difference analysis on the relationship between law and innovation and reveals the possible impact of legal protection on the enterprises′ innovation quality in a more comprehensive and in-depth way. Second, by introducing a parallel multiple mediation model, this paper clarifies the mechanism of legal protection producing innovation promotion effect, including capital, technology and information effect. We further analyze the influence legal protection of different dimensions and enterprise heterogeneity on the innovation incentive effect of legal protection, thus deepens the interpretation of the influence of legal protection on micro-enterprise innovation behavior, and provides a reliable reference and reasonable basis for the government to formulate and perfect relevant laws and policies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on the impact of quality management innovation on product innovation Chen Taiyi, Zhang Yueyi 2023, 44(4): 136-143.  Abstract ( 97 )      The promoting effects of quality management innovation on enterprise product quality improvement and business performance optimization have been widely valued. However, there is little literature to study the influence mechanism of quality management innovation on enterprise product innovation. By opening the process of enterprise product innovation, this paper tries to analyze the relationships between quality management innovation and the following three major aspects of enterprise product innovation input as the explicit carrier of knowledge, indirect tacit knowledge transfer, and product innovation input conversion efficiency, and further to study the influence mechanism of quality management innovation on enterprise product innovation. Then, by using the micro-data from World Bank survey of Chinese enterprises in 2012, this paper empirically studies the direction and mechanism of the influence of quality management innovation on enterprise product innovation. The results show that overall quality management innovation has a significant promoting effect on enterprise product innovation. In terms of influence mechanism, quality management innovation promotes product innovation through the pulling effect of enterprise product innovation investment and the spillover effect based on tacit knowledge, but it also hinders product innovation through the inhibitory effect on product innovation efficiency. To confirm the reliability of empirical results, this paper adopts the Tobit model to conduct several robustness tests. The results are still valid after the robustness tests. Thus, we can conclude that the impact of quality management innovation on enterprise product innovation has both positive and negative sides, and how to effectively seek advantages and avoid disadvantages to maximize enterprise benefits is a huge challenge for managers. According to the above findings, the policy recommendation of this paper is as follows: First, speed up the improvement of product market economy system with fair competition, and force enterprise product innovation and improve quality management through competition; second, accelerate the realization of market-oriented allocation of high-skilled quality management talents, and realize the optimization and upgrading of quality management talent team by releasing the potential of human capital; third, build the incentive-compatible internal quality management mechanism to promote the overall improvement of the capabilities of entrepreneurs and middle & high-level quality managers; fourth, build the quality management system and internal knowledge sharing platform for employees to participate in the innovation and development of enterprise, and stimulate the knowledge potential of all employees of enterprise; fifth, improve the management training and "learning by doing" mechanism that promotes the improvement of quality management, promote the overall upgrade of human capital, and effectively enhance the level of innovation and development. The study in this paper not only helps enrich the literature on the process mechanism of enterprise product innovation and the economic consequences of quality management innovation, but also helps guide enterprises to accurately grasp the pros and cons of quality management innovation and provides references for the effective realization of enterprise product innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate innovation: Some empirical evidence from Chinese listed companies Zhao Shengmin, Yu Xinghui 2023, 44(4): 144-153.  Abstract ( 221 )      This paper takes the A-share listed companies of China from 2010 to 2019 as a sample, trying to investigate the impact and mechanism of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on corporate innovation. The empirical study finds that CSR has a significant positive impact on innovation input, innovation output and innovation efficiency. Further mechanism analysis shows that corporate social responsibility promotes enterprise innovation by alleviating financing constraints, reducing financial risks and inhibiting principal-agent problems. Heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with substantive innovation, CSR has a more significant impact on strategic innovation, and the positive correlation between CSR and corporate innovation is more significant in state-owned enterprises and enterprises in non-sensitive socially responsible industries.Our contribution is as follows: First, it enriches extant literature on the influencing factors of corporate innovation and provides a new perspective for the research on the economic consequences of corporate social responsibility. Second, it examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate innovation, including innovation input, innovation output and innovation efficiency, with a more comprehensive and in-depth perspective. In fact, although China currently ranks 14th in the Global Innovation Index (GII), it still has weaknesses in all pillars of the GII except knowledge and technology output. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the factors affecting corporate innovation capabilities can provide new ideas for the current dilemma of innovation in China. Third, this paper finds that the positive impact of CSR on corporate innovation is weaker for enterprises in sensitive socially responsible industries and non-state-owned enterprises, which indicates that the enterprise innovation incentives should not be the one-size-fits-all policy, the effect of differential incentive policies based on different nature of enterprises may be more significant.This paper also provides some important implications. First, the existing research has conducted a lot of research on how to improve the innovation ability of enterprises, but it ignores the essential problem that the enterprise itself is a "contract " integrating many stakeholders. Only by unifying the interests of stakeholders can the problem of insufficient innovation be solved in essence, and corporate social responsibility can play the role of such an invisible contract. Therefore, on the one hand, the government can introduce relevant policies to encourage enterprises to attach importance to social responsibility. On the other hand, enterprises can establish a corporate social responsibility strategy serving innovation, so as to realize a win-win situation. Second, corporate social responsibility has a lagging effect on the improvement of innovation capability of enterprises, so the government can introduce corresponding rewards and punishment mechanisms to guide enterprise managers to take social responsibility. Third, this paper finds that the impact of social responsibility on corporate innovation varies with the nature of corporate property rights and the CSR sensitivity of the industry in which the firm is located, indicating that the incentive measures for corporate innovation should adopt a differentiated strategy. For example, for state-owned enterprises, the factors that hinder innovation of such enterprises are more likely to be the opportunistic behavior of agents and the "internal controller" problem rather than the financing constraints. Therefore, the implementation of reasonable incentive mechanism to suppress the occurrence of internal governance problems and the establishment of social responsibility system to play the supervisory role of other stakeholders is more conducive to promoting the innovation of state-owned enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of partnership on firm innovation performance: A moderated mediation model Liu Xinmeng, Li Suicheng, Zhang Cailin, Wang Xiang 2023, 44(4): 154-163.  Abstract ( 133 )   A large number of enterprises realized that interdisciplinary and transregional fusion can bring unexpected innovation, which is a new growth point for them to maintain competitiveness. Some enterprises start to rely on external partners to innovate, while the surge of external resources make them more difficult to choose cooperation objects and determine cooperation modes, that is, what kind of innovation partnership to establish has become a new pain point restricting the development of enterprises′ innovation. Based on dynamic capability theory and reasoned action theory, this paper reveals the impact of innovation partnership on innovation performance, the mediating role of supply chain integration capability and the moderating effect of ambidexterity strategic intention. The design and methodology of this paper are summarized as follows: All variables were measured from the mature scale. This method has strong practicability and passes the reliability and validity test. The hypothesis is verified by questionnaire survey. In the implementation of data collection, 500 enterprises were randomly selected from the member list of innovative enterprises published on the website of national high-tech enterprise identification and management as the target enterprises. The questionnaire was distributed and returned to the middle and senior managers of the target enterprises randomly selected by E-mail, QQ, WeChat, telephone and door-to-door visits. Invalid questionnaires were deleted and 211 questionnaires were retained.  Finally, we analyzed the correlation of variables, and used hierarchical regression analysis and moderated mediating effect test to verify the data of 211 target enterprises.The finding shows that :(1) Enterprises with good innovation partnership maintenance and strong supply chain integration capability have higher innovation performance; (2) Innovation partners improve innovation performance through supply chain integration capability, that is, enterprises with good innovation partnership have a promotion effect on supply chain integration capability, and then the better innovation performance; (3) Enterprises with strong exploratory strategic intention can positively regulate the relationship between supply chain integration capability and STI partners and innovation performance, while enterprises with strong exploitative strategic intention can positively regulate the relationship between supply chain integration capability and DUI partners and innovation performance. Supply chain integration capability is a moderated intermediary variable.According to the research conclusions, the contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) it enriches the research on the types of innovative partners and verifies the significant effect of innovation partnership on firm′s innovation performance. (2) Innovation partnership improves innovation performance through supply chain integration capability, revealing that the advantages and disadvantages of enterprises′ external innovation lie in the choice of partners and supply chain integration capability. On the one hand, the enterprise needs to extend its innovation behavior to the outside of the enterprise, actively establish a good innovation partnership, determine whether the enterprise can build an STI or DUI partnership, and then realize its own innovation through partner resources. On the other hand, it can also realize the effective use of external innovation by strengthening the supply chain integration capability. (3) The strategic intention of an enterprise will become the strategic orientation for the enterprise to identify external opportunities. The enterprise needs to clarify whether its strategic intention is to innovate by introducing changes in products and markets or to innovate by improving efficiency. This research can be extended in two aspects in the future. First, the linkage model of the two innovation partnerships can be taken into account. Second, supply chain integration capability and innovation performance can be decomposed.  Keywords References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Can structural talent introduction policies promote innovation of enterprises? Sun Wenhao 2023, 44(4): 164-174.  Abstract ( 100 )       Since China joined the WTO in 2001, Chinese enterprises have participated in global competition with the help of low-cost labor factors, which forms an extrusion effect on high-level labor factors and makes it difficult for enterprise innovation. Therefore, studying how the Chinese government has formulated appropriate talent policies to ensure that high-level labor factors make an effective agglomeration form for enterprise innovation is of great significance for the high-quality development of regional economy during the 14th Five-Year period of China. However, many literatures focus on the government talent policies oriented by talent quantity to study "talent contest" cities how to affect enterprise innovation, and ignore the key question whether the government talent policies oriented by talent structure can effectively make enterprise innovative development. If this problem is not solved, it will be difficult for the government to formulate appropriate talent policies to ensure enterprise innovative development. Therefore, our paper studies the influence of the government structural talent policies on enterprise innovation and its mechanism.This paper has several intersecting contributions to extant literature, the first of which relates to our novel identification standard of innovative factor structure. On one hand, drawing on the core ideas of the absorptive capacity theory, Williamson hypothesis and general equilibrium theory, our paper designs an identification standard of "agglomeration" and "reverse agglomeration" talent structure within the same city (industry) and studies the government structural talent policies how to affect enterprise innovation. On the other hand, we construct an identification standard of innovation structure within the same city (industry), and find that the linkage effect of talent structure and innovation structure is also one of the important mechanisms by which the positive effect of government structural talent policies on enterprise innovation. Secondly, we design some appropriate tool variables and conduct comparative analysis with a variety of databases and empirical methods to ensure the conclusion more reliable. Extant literatures pay insufficient attention to the possible endogenous problems within the empirical model. On the contrary, our paper uses the two-stage least square method combined with appropriate instrumental variables to make empirical analysis. In addition, we also construct an identification standard of "talent contest" cities dominated by "agglomeration" or "reverse agglomeration" talent structure, and carry out many empirical tests from multiple angles to verify the existence of our hypothesis. Thirdly, we forge new scholarly paths into the literature based on our research object. We design an analysis framework with the linkage change between talent structure and innovation structure as the main content, and put forward that the linkage effect of innovative factor structure is the core mechanisms by which the positive effect of government structural talent policies on enterprise innovation. Empirical analysis results show that the government talent policies oriented by talent quantity form an unreasonable talent structure ("agglomeration" structure) within the same city (industry), and the government structural talent policies are more beneficial for enterprise innovation than that of the talent policies oriented by the talent quantity. Firstly, the government talent policies oriented by talent quantity are not beneficial for enterprise innovation. The government talent policies oriented by talent quantity lead to excessive agglomeration of high-level labor factors in a few leading enterprises within the same city (industry) and form an "agglomeration" talent structure, which is not beneficial for enterprise innovation. Secondly, the government structural talent policies are beneficial for enterprise innovation. The government structural talent policies make a uniform distribution layout of high-level labor factors among enterprises within the same city (industry) and form a "reverse agglomeration" talent structure, which is beneficial for enterprise innovation. Thirdly, the innovative factor structure is an important mechanism by which the influence of government structural talent policies on enterprise innovation. One hand, the "reverse agglomeration" talent structure among enterprises within the same city (industry) is one of the important mechanisms by which the positive effect of government structural talent policies on enterprise innovation, with an explanatory effect of roughly 60.42%. The other hand, the linkage effect of "reverse agglomeration" talent structure and "NN" type innovative structure is also one of the important mechanisms, with an explanatory effect of roughly 23.99%. Our paper suggests that the government should put into the structured talent policies oriented by talent structure through the government "visible hand", and finally make enterprise innovative development. Specific suggestions are as follows. Firstly, the government should adjust talent policies oriented by talent quantity, and make enterprise innovative development through the structural talent policies, especially for the provincial and sub provincial cities. As for incremental talents, talent policies should make a uniform distribution layout of incremental high-level labor factors. As for stock talents, talent policies should transfer high-level labor factors from leading enterprises with excessive high-level labor factors to other enterprises with insufficient high-level labor factors for making a "reverse agglomeration" talent structure within the same city (industry). Secondly, as for a complete set of structural talent policies. One hand, the government should improve the software and hardware facilities to make talents independent and orderly flow. For example, the government should speed up the regional high-speed railway network construction to accelerate the high-level labor factors independent and orderly flow and reduce the talent gap among enterprises within the same city (industry). The other hand, the government should adjust industrial policies to form an "NN" type innovative structure within the same city (industry), as to coordinate the structural talent policies to jointly make enterprise innovative development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the impact of executive team heterogeneity on green innovation performance of enterprises Qi Liyun, Wang Jiawei, Liu Yang, Lyu Zhenggang 2023, 44(4): 175-184.  Abstract ( 218 )      As governments and the public pay more and more attention to the environmental pollution of enterprises, how to balance environmental protection and economic benefits has become an important challenge for the sustainable development of enterprises. As one of the important ways for enterprises to achieve the balance of environmental benefits and economic benefits, green innovation has become a hot topic in academic circles. However, most of the existing researches focus on the influence of external factors on green innovation of enterprises, while there are fewer researches on internal factors. Upper echelons theory provides a possible way to explore the influencing factors of green innovation from the internal perspective of enterprise. According to this theory, the differences in cognitive basis and values brought by the heterogeneity of executive team will affect the decision-making of the team, and then influence the strategic choice and innovation performance of enterprises.This paper takes the panel data of 927 A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2015 to 2019 as samples to explore the impact of heterogeneity of executive team on enterprise green innovation performance, and introduces corporate environmental strategy as an intermediary variable to further dissect the influence mechanism. In the specific research design, on the one hand, this paper focuses on the task-oriented heterogeneity in executive team heterogeneity, including the heterogeneity of tenure and functional background. On the other hand, green innovation is divided into green technology innovation and green management innovation, and it constructs an empirical model containing two explanatory variables, two explanatory variables and mediating variables.The research finds that: (1) The tenure heterogeneity of executive team has a significant positive effect on green management innovation, and the functional background heterogeneity of executive team has a significant positive effect on green technology innovation and green management innovation. The reason is that the differences among team members can effectively make up for the adverse effects of rigid thinking and emotional dependence on business decisions, so that the executive team can maintain enthusiasm and motivation for green innovation activities. (2) The corporate environmental strategy plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between tenure heterogeneity and functional background heterogeneity of executive team and green innovation. Executive team heterogeneity can make the team more sensitive to identify environmental risks, so as to adopt proactive environmental strategies, and finally improve the green innovation performance of enterprises. (3) It is also noted that the tenure heterogeneity of executive team has no significant effect on green technology innovation. Executives with shorter tenure are more receptive to external knowledge and more likely to take corresponding innovative measures than those with longer tenure. Therefore, when the tenure of executive team members tends to be shorter, it may significantly promote green technology innovation, which may be one of the reasons why tenure heterogeneity has no significant effect on green technology innovation.The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: first, it enriches the research related to the influencing factors of corporate green innovation, and validates and extends the research logic of the influence of executive team characteristics on organizational output; second, it responds to the view that the characteristics of the executive team may indirectly affect the green innovation of enterprises, and empirically tests the classic theoretical model that the characteristics of the management team in the upper echelons theory can affect the performance of enterprises through strategic choice.At the end of this paper, it concludes with some managerial insights that may help China′s listed manufacturing cooperates′ green innovation practices based on the findings of the study, including: moderately strengthening the recruitment of new executives, absorbing staff with experience in different functions into the executive team, and elevating the emphasis on environmental issues to the corporate strategy level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the activation path of new employees′ creativity in R&D teams from the perspective of configuration Hu Wenan, Cheng Jianqing, Luo Jinlian 2023, 44(4): 185-192.  Abstract ( 173 )      New employee management is an important issue in human resource management. For a long time, enterprises adopt diversified strategies to help new employees adapt to the organization efficiently. Faced with the highly dynamic and uncertain environment in the era of digital economy, enterprises need employees to constantly innovate in order to identify opportunities and grasp competitive advantages quickly. Newcomer is a kind of "fresh blood" injected into the enterprise, and its natural creative characteristics can bring heterogeneous or even subversive knowledge resources to the organization, which is indispensable in the process of enterprise continuous innovation. However, new employees need to socialize from "outsiders" to "insiders". How to effectively activate the creativity of new employees has become a management hot spot of academic circles and the industry.Previous studies on new employee management focused more on the process of traditional organizational socialization factors on new employee′s job adaptation, but lacking the research on new employee′s creativity. Prior studies have found that organizational factors, employee factors and leadership behavior have a significant effect on new employees′ innovation behavior. However, it is mainly limited to a single level of influence mechanism, and lacks the activation mechanism of new employees′ creativity in the process of socialization. In view of the current complex and dynamic internal and external environment, innovation ideas involve multiple levels such as organization, leadership and employees, and the effectiveness of activating the creativity of new employees at a single level is facing unprecedented limitations. In addition, previous studies have explored the "net effect" of a single level on the creativity of new employees based on the traditional regression analysis method, which lays a foundation for further understanding the configuration effect of the above three levels of complex interaction. However, in this kind of research, the linear relationship between the three levels and employee creativity is uncertain, and it is difficult to answer the configuration effect of multiple factors (especially more than three factors), and it is unable to dig out a clearer necessary and sufficient causal relationship, so it is impossible to clarify the configuration effect of interdependent antecedents on new employee creativity in the complex process of socialization.In view of this point, in order to systematically deconstruct the combination of antecedents of new employees′ creativity activation, this paper adopts the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA), which integrates different factors at different levels into the integration model. It can not only break through the limitations of previous single level analysis, but also systematically explores the causal complexity of the research object, and deeply analyzes the multi-level factors that activate the creativity of new employees. Therefore, this paper takes 289 new employees in the R&D teams of high-tech enterprises as samples, and comprehensively uses configuration thinking and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to integrate the five conditions of organization, leadership and employees, and explores the multiple concurrent factors and causal complex mechanism to activate the creativity of new employees. The results show that: (1) high organizational support for creativity is the necessary condition to stimulate new employees′ high creativity; (2) the activation mechanism of new employees′ high creativity can be divided into three paths: closing leadership, opening leadership and ambidextrous leadership. Among them, the first path refers to the linkage and matching of high closing leadership and high organizational support for creativity, the second path refers to the linkage and matching of high opening leadership and high organizational support for creativity, the third path refers to the linkage and matching of high opening leadership, high closing leadership, high organizational support for creativity and high organizational inclusive climate; (3) compared with the closing leadership and opening leadership, ambidextrous leadership is more likely to activate new employees′ high creativity; (4) the configuration analysis of the new employees′ low creativity shows that there is no stable element linkage matching mode, and there is an asymmetric relationship with the driving mechanism of high creativity.The research contributions are as follows: (1) identify the complex elements that promote the creativity of new employees, and clarify the mechanism of activating the creativity of new employees from the organization, leadership and employee levels, and enhance the applicability of the conclusion; (2) apply the configuration perspective to explore the substitutability and complementarity between different elements in the configuration that activate the creativity of new employees, so as to effectively break through the previous standard system; (3) by using QCA method to explore the inhibition mechanism of high creativity of new employees from the perspective of "causal asymmetry", we can further expand the explanation level of creativity activation of new employees in the context of socialization. This paper not only helps enterprise managers grasp the preconditions accurately for new employees to participate in innovation activities in the complex process of social adaptation, but also provides new management ideas to meet the demands of enterprise sustainable innovation. Related Articles | Metrics