人工智能采用对企业竞争优势的影响研究

doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究人工智能与实体经济的融合成效是重构产业发展范式与催生智能经济形态的重要议题。现有研究多从生产效率、就业结构等局部视角考察人工智能的微观影响，缺乏对企业能否利用人工智能提升竞争优势的整体性讨论。基于此，本文以2007—2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究样本，运用固定效应模型实证检验人工智能采用对企业竞争优势的影响。研究发现，人工智能采用有助于提升企业竞争优势，在考虑了内生性问题与替换变量等稳健性检验后结论依然成立。情境因素分析表明，企业只有将人工智能根植于具体的应用场景、为其配置互补性资产以及强化自身技术能力才能切实提升竞争优势。机制检验显示，人工智能采用通过强化生产效率和创新效率来提升企业竞争优势。进一步研究表明，人工智能对竞争优势的提升作用在后发企业和采用速度较快的企业中更为明显。本文的研究结论不仅回应了作为通用技术的人工智能是否有助于提升企业竞争优势这一基本问题，同时为传统企业如何利用人工智能创造独特价值、提升竞争地位提供了经验证据和管理启示。

关键词: 人工智能采用, 生产效率, 创新效率, 企业竞争优势

Abstract: Exploring the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the real economy is an important issue for reconstructing industrial development paradigms and fostering the emergence of intelligent economic forms. Existing research primarily examines the micro-level impacts of AI from perspectives such as production efficiency and employment structure, but lacks a comprehensive discussion on whether enterprises can leverage AI to enhance their competitive advantage. Based on this, this study used manufacturing listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2007 to 2022 as the research sample to empirically test the impact of AI adoption on enterprise competitive advantages using a fixed effects model. The results showed that AI adoption contributes to enhancing enterprise competitive advantage, and the conclusion remains robust even after addressing issues such as endogeneity, substitution variables, and other robustness tests. The contextual analysis indicated that enterprises can effectively improve their competitive advantage only when AI is embedded in specific application scenarios, complemented by appropriate assets, and supported by enhanced technological capabilities. The mechanism tests revealed that AI adoption enhances competitive advantage through improvements in production efficiency and innovation efficiency. Further research suggested that the positive impact of AI on competitive advantage is more evident in latecomer enterprises and those with faster adoption speeds. The conclusion of this study has not only addressed the fundamental question of whether AI, as a general-purpose technology, contributes to improving enterprise competitive advantage but also will provide certain empirical evidence and managerial insights on how traditional enterprises can leverage AI to create unique value and enhance their competitive position.

Key words: AI adoption, production efficiency, innovation efficiency, enterprise competitive advantage

张建宇, 杨旭, 鲁超冉, 林香宇. 人工智能采用对企业竞争优势的影响研究[J]. 科研管理, 2025, 46(1): 95-105.

Zhang Jianyu, Yang Xu, Lu Chaoran, Lin Xiangyu. Research on the impact of AI adoption on the competitive advantages of enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2025, 46(1): 95-105.

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