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20 February 2025, Volume 46 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Construction and measurement of the evaluation index system of new quality productive forces: A study based on the perspective of ‘input-process-output’ Chen Yufen, Yang Shuangshuang, Hu Sihui 2025, 46(2): 1-11.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.001 Abstract ( 704 )       New quality productive forces are the qualitative leap of traditional productivity forces and the key for major countries to seize the high ground of development. Based on the profound understanding of the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces and the formation process of new quality productive forces, this paper constructed an evaluation index system of new quality productive forces consisting of 40 indicators from such three dimensions as input quality, production vitality, and output efficiency. The improved CRITIC method was used to measure the level of new quality productive forces of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2022, and the correspondence analysis, kernel density estimation and Dagum Gini coefficient method was also used for the analysis. The results showed that: firstly, the level of new quality productive forces in China and three major regions continue to rise, but its overall input-output efficiency are relatively low; secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of the development of new quality productive forces vary among provincial-level regions, and the quality of talent is a key factor affecting new quality productive forces; and thirdly, the overall differences and regional differences of new quality productive forces continue to expand, and the differences mainly come from different regions. This research can objectively reveal the development status of new quality productive forces in China and correctly identify key issues, thus providing decision-making references for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence of marketization of data elements on the level of new quality productive forces of enterprises Liang Xiaocheng, Lyu Kangyin, Chen Si 2025, 46(2): 12-21.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.002 Abstract ( 262 )        Promoting the market-oriented construction of data elements can give full play to the role of data elements and is of great significance for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces. This paper selected the data of A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2022 as research samples, adopted the establishment of data trading platform as a practical exploration to promote the marketization of data elements, and used the progressive differential model to empirically test the impact of data element marketization on the level of new quality productive forces of enterprises. It was found that the marketization of data elements can significantly improve the level of new quality productive forces of enterprises, and this conclusion is still valid after various robustness tests. The mechanism test showed that the marketization of data elements affects the level of new quality productive forces of enterprises by improving the application level of digital technology and the efficiency of resource allocation. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the marketization of data elements has a more significant impact on enterprises in regions with higher digital economy level, labor-intensive enterprises and high-tech enterprises. The research conclusion will have important implications for further promoting the market-oriented construction of data elements and cultivating and developing new quality productive forces from the enterprise level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the system structure for development of new quality productive forces in traditional industry clusters empowered by industrial platforms Guo Yuanyuan, Chen Yilang, Chi Renyong 2025, 46(2): 22-31.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.003 Abstract ( 116 )       The development of new quality productive forces in traditional industrial clusters can be empowered through industrial platforms, thereby achieving the structural optimization of the productive forces system from quantitative to qualitative transformations. However, current research lacks a clear understanding of the system structure that industrial platforms should possess to empower the development of new quality productive forces, and is devoid of in-depth theoretical insights. In this regard, using the Baomate Industrial Platform as an example for a case study, this research analyzed its system structure, key strategies, and intrinsic mechanisms in empowering the development of new quality productive forces in the Pinghu luggage sector. The study found that: (1) Industrial platforms that empower traditional industrial clusters to develop new quality productive forces should center on promoting social cooperation and construct an organically connected productive system; (2) The "synchronization-construction-convergence" platform rhythm strategy is embedded within the various hierarchical structures of the industrial platform, driving cluster enterprises to gradually transform from traditional to new types of producers; (3) Within the hierarchical structure, there exists a "storage-bridging-concerto" structural mechanism, which sequentially achieves the optimization of the productive forces system and ultimately establishes a new industrial pattern with a significant improvement in total factor productivity. The research conclusions will contribute to a deeper theoretical understanding of the relationship between new quality productive forces and industrial platforms, thus providing insights into how traditional industrial clusters can develop new-quality productive forces tailored to local conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the path and mechanism for the high-quality development of enterprises empowered by intelligent transformation: A study based on the perspective of developing new quality productive forces Chen Yan, Hou Yuqi, Ma Xin, Xu Bin 2025, 46(2): 32-42.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.004 Abstract ( 193 )      The proposal of the new quality productive force theory provides significant guidance for transforming traditional economic growth models and promoting high-quality development. Accelerating the intelligent transformation of enterprises is not only the main driving force for creation of new quality productive forces, but also the only way to achieve high-quality development. Based on this, this paper studied the empowering path of intelligent transformation from the perspective of developing new quality productive forces, and selected the data of A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2022 as samples to analyze the impact of intelligent transformation on new quality productive forces and high-quality development. The study revealed the following findings: (1) Intelligent transformation significantly promotes high-quality development, exhibiting a clear linear relationship. (2) The mechanism tests showed that new quality productive forces serve as a mediating mechanism between intelligent transformation and high-quality development. (3) The threshold effect analysis identified a double-threshold effect of R&D investment on intelligent transformation and high-quality development. (4) The regional heterogeneity test demonstrated that intelligent transformation in central cities significantly enhances labor skill improvement, while its impact in non-central cities is limited. (5) The heterogeneity analysis of enterprises found that intelligent transformation in the technology-intensive firms significantly enhances tangible labor resources, whereas its impact is negligible in the asset-intensive and labor-intensive firms. This paper has combined the Marxist productivity theory with the theory of production factors under the category of economics, and it will provide scientific basis for promoting new quality productive forces and achieving high-quality development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The empowerment of new quality productive forces by the human-machine-context collaboration: Its paradigm logic and practical approaches Yin Ximing, Wu Peiqi, Qian Yating, Liu Xielin 2025, 46(2): 43-52.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.005 Abstract ( 120 )        Disruptive technologies, exemplified by artificial intelligence (AI), are rapidly transforming production relationships and serve as key drivers of the efficiency revolution, catalyzing the continuous emergence of new quality productive forces. However, current research predominantly focuses on the AI innovation process itself, often overlooking the crucial integration of technology with real-world contexts. This issue is particularly evident in the growing paradox of the industrialization of generative AI technologies, highlighting the need to transcend human-machine collaboration. Instead, there is a pressing need to explore new paradigms that accelerate the role of AI in empowering new quality productive forces. This study systematically reviewed the human-machine collaboration paradigm and drew on the context-driven innovation theory to explore how the human-machine-context collaboration, as a new paradigm, empowers new quality productive forces. We found that this paradigm could enhance organizational capabilities by enabling forward-looking decision-making and active environmental sensing, improving innovation efficiency and effectiveness through the deep integration of human intelligence, machine learning, and contextual needs. Additionally, this study documented the application of a "Context (C) - Technology (T) - Capability (C)" triad within the human-machine-context collaboration framework to advance the modernization of industrial systems (S). This triad fosters technological breakthroughs, innovative combinations of production factors, and deep transformation of industries, all of which contribute to the ongoing emergence of new quality productive forces through the CTCS mechanism. Finally, taking the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence as an example, this study analyzed how it promotes efficient human-machine co-creation in complex dynamic contexts, continuously empowering the emergence of new quality productive forces throughout the process of achieving breakthroughs in AI original technologies and rapid industrialization. This study has expanded the theoretical understanding of human-machine collaboration and will offer valuable micro-level theoretical insights and practical guidance for China to capitalize on the opportunity presented by context-driven innovation, advancing the "AI+" initiative, thus fostering the development of new quality productive forces tailored to local contexts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the impact of urban knowledge innovation network on the formation of new quality productive forces Zhou Jianping, Xu Weixiang, Guo Jiaxin 2025, 46(2): 53-63.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.006 Abstract ( 83 )      The urban knowledge innovation network plays a fundamental supporting role in the formation of new quality productive forces. This paper utilized data from 285 cities spanning from 2011 to 2021, and within the "elements-structure-function" framework of systems theory, measures the development level of new quality productive forces. Additionally, it employed double machine learning methods to examine the specific impact of the knowledge innovation network on new quality productive forces. The main findings are as follows: (1) The knowledge innovation network positively promotes the development of new quality productive forces, particularly playing an active role in enhancing the elemental characteristics and functional orientation of productivity. (2) Further analysis reveals that factors such as intellectual property protection, elimination of information barriers, and supply of data elements play a positive moderating role in the impact of knowledge innovation networks on new quality productivity. (3) Heterogeneity testing shows that the impact of knowledge innovation networks on new quality productivity exhibits significant spatial and hierarchical heterogeneity. In the eastern regions and urban agglomerations, the promoting effect of the urban knowledge innovation network is more pronounced. Moreover, the impact of the knowledge innovation network shows a gradient characteristic, decreasing from "leading areas" to "lagging areas". This paper has enriched the research on the influencing factors of new quality productive forces and the external effects of urban knowledge innovation networks. The conclusions will provide some policy implications for cities to promote the emergence of new quality productive forces through knowledge innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the configuration path of regional industrial diversification: An analysis based on the AIS framework Wang Yanwu, Zou Lehuan, Mo Changwei 2025, 46(2): 64-72.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.007 Abstract ( 44 )      In the context of rising international trade protectionism, increasing risks of global supply chain disruptions, and the accelerated digital technology revolution, promoting industrial diversification to enhance regional economic resilience and promote sustainable economic development has become a common concern among both academics and policymakers.Building upon the integration of evolutionary economic geography theory, new institutional sociology, economic geography, and urban economics, this paper constructed an AIS theoretical framework that determines regional industrial diversification. Using 273 Chinese cities as a sample, it employed the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify the configurational paths leading to high levels of industrial diversification. The research results showed that: (1) Regional high-level industrial diversification is the result of the synergistic effects of multiple drivers, with city innovation capabilities play a more universal role; (2) There are multiple equivalent driving paths for achieving high-level industrial diversification. Specifically, high unrelated diversification paths include changing agency-driven paths and liberalized market institution-driven paths. For high related diversification, paths include dual institutional intervention-driven paths, coordinated institution-driven endogenous innovation paths, and large city digital economy-driven paths.This study has revealed the configurational logic of regional industrial diversification development, deepened the understanding of regional industrial diversification, and it will provide a theoretical foundation for regions to choose appropriate paths for achieving industrial diversification based on their local conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the construction path of IUR innovation consortium in the context of Chinese modernization Zhang Yufei, Liu Bing, Yuan Changhong, Zhang Shuman 2025, 46(2): 73-85.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.008 Abstract ( 97 )       Industry-university-research (IUR) innovation consortium represents the latest endeavor to establish Chinese IUR deep integrated technological innovation system. However, current efforts in constructing IUR innovation consortia confront considerable challenges, including unclear organizational models, outdated institutional mechanisms, and unknown construction paths. In view of the prevailing circumstances, this paper employed a multi-case study methodology, selected four representative cases of government-led IUR innovation consortium, university-led IUR innovation consortium, research-institute-led IUR innovation consortium, and enterprise-led IUR innovation consortium as research subjects, and analyzed thoroughly the organizational mode innovation and institutional mechanism innovation within four IUR innovation consortia, finally deriving a comprehensive construction path model for IUR innovation consortia. The research findings revealed that constructing IUR innovation consortia should be led by leading organizations with active participation of upstream and downstream enterprises, universities and research institutes, guided by government strategic requirements, motivated by market demands, and bound together by common interests. Constructing IUR innovation consortia also needs to implement a series of organizational mode innovations to overcome innovation barriers, undertake a series of institutional mechanism innovations to break innovation bottlenecks, and effectively integrate diverse innovation entities and elements within the innovation chain and industrial chain, ultimately enhancing overall innovation efficiency. This paper has concluded comprehensive theoretical explanations from "what to build" to "how to build" and then to "how to manage" IUR innovation consortia, thereby developing Chinese localized research IUR and innovation consortia and offering valuable insights into practices of constructing IUR innovation consortia in the context of Chinese modernization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of policies for the "specialized, refined, distinctive and innovative" enterprises on the innovations of their supply chain partners Guo Wenting, Lan Faqin, Gao Zheng 2025, 46(2): 86-96.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.009 Abstract ( 150 )       Stimulating the vitality of various market entities is a critical measure to accelerate the establishment of a new development paradigm. However, existing studies primarily focus on the direct effects of the policies for the "Specialized, Refined, Distinctive, and Innovative" (SRDI) enterprises on "Little Giant" enterprises, while overlooking its potential impact on their supply chain partners. Using the data from A-share listed companies in China between 2008 and 2022, this study employed a two-stage staggered difference-in-differences model to investigate how the policies for SRDI enterprises influence the innovation of supply chain partners associated with "Little Giant" enterprises. The findings revealed that the policies inhibit the innovation of supply chain partners through agglomerative effects and population effect, and such inhibitory effect exhibiting a dynamic temporal pattern. On one hand, the policies for SRDI enterprises concentrate the financial capital and intellectual resources on "Little Giant" enterprises, thereby constraining the innovation resources available to their supply chain partners. On the other hand, as the policies for SRDI enterprises progress, their supply chain partners exhibit "free-riding" behavior, reducing their incentives for independent innovation. Further analysis demonstrated that the supply chain partners with higher levels of digitalization and positive and stable expectations about macroeconomic conditions can effectively mitigate this inhibitory effect, stimulate their innovative activity, and enhance both enterprise development quality and supply chain resilience. This study constructs a theoretical framework to evaluate the indirect effects of the SRDI policy based on the supply chain transmission mechanism, providing an important theoretical foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the policy′s effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Configuration analysis of the promotion of R&D activities of high-tech enterprises by policy and market tools Kou Mingting, Du Xiaoming, Zhang Chao 2025, 46(2): 97-107.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.010 Abstract ( 71 )        In recent years, China has been continuously strengthening and enriching the policy tools and market tools to promote enterprise innovation, and the government and academia have increasingly focused on the effectiveness and precision of combining these two types of tools. In order to investigate the relationship between policy tools, market tools and R&D activities of high-tech enterprises, it is imperative to analyze the combination of effective tools that facilitate R&D activities of high-tech enterprises at different stages from an innovation process perspective and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the complex mechanism underlying it. This paper focused on Zhongguancun high-tech enterprises as the research subject, and adopted the fsQCA method which can effectively address the complex relationship between various variables for empirical test and complex mechanism analysis. It was found that a single tool on supporting R&D activities of enterprises is limited, and it is necessary to adopt appropriate combinations of policy tools and market tools according to the characteristics of the innovation process, so as to effectively promote enterprise R&D activities. Specifically, the combination of double tax incentives and credit-led driven tools should be adopted on the input side and output side of the innovation process, and the combination of additional deduction policies and credit-led driven tools should be adopted on the income side, and the implementation effect of the above configurations varies with the scale of enterprise assets and the level of human resources. The conclusion of this paper is valuable for enhancing the rational comprehension of the intricate mechanism that facilitates the R&D activities of high-tech enterprises, and it will provide insights for enhancing the efficacy of policy tools and market tools. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence mechanism of the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets on the R&D innovation level of enterprises Gu Cheng, Chen Qing, Zhang Chunlei 2025, 46(2): 108-118.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.011 Abstract ( 67 )      Innovation is an important driving force to promote highquality economic development. This paper selected the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets implemented in 2014 and 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment, constructed a multiple period DID model, and empirically tested the impact and mechanism of the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets on the level of R&D innovation of enterprises. The study found that the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets can significantly promote enterprises to improve the level of R&D innovation. The heterogeneity analysis showed that in terms of the impact on the level of R&D innovation of enterprises, the policy has a better incentive effect on the level of R&D innovation of enterprises in low marketization areas and mature enterprises. From the perspective of the impact mechanism, the policy mainly improves the level of R&D innovation by promoting enterprises to increase R&D investment and increase fixed asset investment. This paper will be helpful to understand the logical mechanism of the relationship between accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets and R&D innovation level of enterprises, and it will provide empirical evidence for improving tax incentive policy and promoting economic transformation and upgrading, which has important theoretical and practical value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation input target setting, corporate R&D manipulation and government governance Ye Yunlong, Wang Hongjian, Gu Shusheng 2025, 46(2): 119-128.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.012 Abstract ( 55 )         Evaluating the implementation of China′s unique innovation-target management system from the perspective of R&D manipulation is crucial for driving high-quality development. This paper used the Five-Year Plan as a quasi-natural experiment to explore the micro-mechanisms by which innovation investment targets influence corporate R&D manipulation. The study found that the innovation investment targets set by the Five-Year Plan distort incentives, thus leading to increased R&D manipulation. This result remains robust after a series of stability and endogeneity checks. Further examination revealed that companies engaged in R&D manipulation tend to have larger credit funds, lower funding costs, and receive more government subsidies. The heterogeneity analysis indicated that R&D manipulation is more pronounced in regions with higher economic growth pressure, stronger innovation investment target management motivations, and in state-owned enterprises. The governance mechanism test showed that the development of digital government can mitigate the distorting incentive effects of innovation investment target setting. These findings will expand and deepen the research on the government target management theory and the motives for R&D manipulation under macro-institutional characteristics, thus providing theoretical guidance for optimizing government governance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the formation mechanism of the development capabilities of complex product systems from the perspective of affordance Luo Junmei, Li Fazhen, Wang Shuilian 2025, 46(2): 129-138.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.013 Abstract ( 23 )        Intelligent Complex Product Systems (ICPS) integrate advanced information technologies to drive innovation in smart living and production, reflecting the development of new forms of productive forces. However, existing research lacks sufficient exploration into how ICPS development capabilities are formed. This study, grounded in the affordance theory, analyzed the cases from Hisense and Inspur′s smart city products and revealed that the dual affordances of technology and market serve as the driving force behind leading enterprises′ efforts to build ICPS development capabilities. It further demonstrated that establishing complementary management mechanisms centered on shared value propositions—covering discourse, organization, norms, and resource strategies—is crucial for transforming dual technology-market affordances into ICPS development capabilities. Additionally, leading enterprises can cultivate ICPS development capabilities through either a pathway of "diffusion" or "replication": under the diffusion pathway, driven by endogenous technology and concentrated market demands, enterprises focus on top-down value propositions and adopt pioneering strategies; and in contrast, under the replication pathway, guided by exogenous technology and dispersed market demands, the emphasis is on bottom-up value propositions with an integration strategy. The conclusions of this study will not only enrich the literature on the relationship between affordances and ICPS but also provide practical insights and inspiration for businesses developing complex product systems. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of market accessibility on the inter-regional collaborative innovation of enterprises Jiang Weijie, Shan Yike 2025, 46(2): 139-148.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.014 Abstract ( 110 )       Collaborative innovation is an important approach for firms to enhance their innovative capabilities and share innovation risks. It is also a crucial intrinsic driving force for China′s economic transformation, upgrading and achieving high-quality development. This study utilized the panel data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2000 to 2013, and constructed the market accessibility index constructed from China′s highway transportation network to examine its influence on firms′ inter-regional collaborative innovation and its underlying mechanisms through Heckman′s two-step test, instrumental variable test and moderating effect test. The research findings revealed that the improvement of market accessibility significantly promotes firms′ inter-regional collaborative innovation from the perspectives of extensive margins, intensive margins, and inter-regional cooperation intensity. The robustness tests and endogeneity tests supported the conclusions. The mechanism tests demonstrated that the enhancement of market accessibility promotes firms′ inter-regional collaborative innovation by reducing transaction costs and enhancing knowledge matching. The heterogeneity analysis further indicated that the enhancement of market accessibility more significantly facilitates inter-regional collaborative innovation for firms located in peripheral cities, state-owned enterprises, and those operating in more competitive market environments. This study will provide new insights and empirical evidence for the necessity and urgency of building a "transportation powerhouse". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The path mechanism and boundary conditions for transition from the improvisation proclivity of innovative personnel to the innovation and change of teams Xiong Li, Nian Pengxiang, Yu Wei, Lu Wenzhu 2025, 46(2): 149-157.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.015 Abstract ( 52 )        Nowadays, in the face of the complex and volatile market environment, companies increasingly rely on the improvisational discoveries of innovative personnel to achieve their own innovation and development. However, the process of translating improvisational ideas generated by innovative personnel into actual team innovation and transformation, though significant in practical terms, remains an unclear mechanism of transformation. Based on the model of creativity and innovation, and by taking serendipity as the entry point, this paper explored the upward transformation mechanism from the proclivity for improvisation of innovative personnel to team innovation and change, as well as the moderating effect of accessibility to resources and team reflection. By conducting the path analysis on 231 two-wave data, the results showed that: (1) the proclivity for improvisation of members can significantly promote serendipity; (2) resource availability plays a positive moderating role in the impact of members′ proclivity for improvisation on serendipity; (3) the interaction effect of serendipity and team reflection has a positive impact on member-initiated team innovation and change; and (4) team reflection plays a crucial moderating role in the indirect positive impact of member′s proclivity for improvisation through serendipity on member-initiated team innovation and change (the latter part). This study has opened the "black box" of how individual proclivity for improvisation affect team innovation and change, thus providing a unique perspective on understanding the specific mechanisms by which individual proclivity for improvisation trigger team innovation and change, and offering some theoretical and practical references on how to absorb and transform individual improvisational value to stimulate "bottom-up" team innovation and change. Related Articles | Metrics

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A quantitative comparative study of researchers′ professional happiness from a global perspective Li Xinzhe, Lu Xiao, Liu Xiaoxiao 2025, 46(2): 158-169.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.016 Abstract ( 70 )       Professional happiness is a widely mentioned concept in the field of management in recent years, and a high level of professional happiness could stimulate employees′ job satisfaction and loyalty, improve the vitality of innovation and competitive advantages of institutions in the labor market, but how to enhance the happiness of researchers is a real problem that needs to be solved urgently at present. Based on the survey data of global scientific researchers in 2021, this study constructed a DEA evaluation model for assessing professional happiness level, analyzed and compared the relationship between resource allocation of scientific research institutions and professional happiness of researchers in major countries in the global academic labor market using the rank statistics method, and further analyzed with the Tobit model the organizational factors affecting happiness level. The empirical results showed that there are still shortcomings in maintaining the happiness of researchers in China′s research institutions, and most researchers have increasing returns on the scale of happiness, in which bureaucracy are the main factor that damages researchers′ happiness. The research conclusions will have important practical implications for Chinese scientific institutions to optimize resource allocation, improve the level of researchers′ professional happiness, and then enhance the attraction of talents in the global academic labor market and stimulate innovation vitality of researchers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence mechanism of creativity assessment consistency on bootleg innovation Wang Yongwei, Liu Yuzhan, Wang Jiahao, Geng Sen 2025, 46(2): 170-180.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.017 Abstract ( 55 )        Bootleg innovation can bring revolutionary innovation outcomes to businesses, but it also has high difficulty and high uncertainty characteristics. Therefore, exploring the internal mechanisms of bootleg innovation helps corporate managers guide and manage it more effectively, maximizing its positive effects. Existing research has confirmed that employee creativity is a predictive variable for bootleg innovation, but have not truly delved into the intrinsic dynamics of bootleg innovation from the perspective of the creative process, resulting in an incomplete understanding of it.Considering that individual innovation is a social interactive process, this study incorporated both self-assessment of creative employees and leader-assessment of creativity into the theoretical framework. It employed the polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis techniques to investigate the relationship between leader-subordinate creativity assessment matching and bootleg innovation, as well as to further explore the mediating effect of breakthrough innovation engagement and the moderating role of paradox mindset. Utilizing a questionnaire survey method, this study collected paired data from leaders and subordinates in tech companies in Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and other locations, and the relevant hypotheses were tested through correlation analysis and multiple regression models on the survey data using SPSS 22.0.Our results showed the following conclusions: (1) the greater inconsistent the leader-subordinate creativity assessment match is, the stronger the impact on creative deviance, but has no significant impact on bootleg innovation; (2) compared with "low employee creativity self-assessment-low employee creativity leader-assessment", "high employee creativity self-assessment-high employee creativity leader-assessment" has a stronger positive impact on bootleg innovation, but no significant influence in creative deviance; (3) compared with "low employee creativity leader-assessment-high employee creativity leader-assessment", "high employee creativity leader-assessment-low employee creativity leaderassessment" has a strong positive impact on both bootleg innovation and creative deviance; (4) breakthrough innovation engagement plays an mediating role between leader-subordinate creativity evaluation fit and bootleg innovation as well as creative deviance; (5) employee paradox mindset can positively moderate the relationship between breakthrough innovation engagement and bootleg innovation as well as creative deviance.By adopting a matching perspective, this study has enhanced the comprehension of the intrinsic mechanisms of bootleg innovation and confirmed that there are differences in the drivers of various types of bootleg innovation, complementing the nomological network of bootleg innovation. Furthermore, based on the creative process perspective, this study verified the mediating role of breakthrough innovation engagement and the moderating effect of the paradox mindset, revealing the internal influence mechanisms and contexts of bootleg innovation behavior. The study will also provide managerial implications for corporate executives: on the one hand, managers should effectively utilize creativity assessment tools to construct contexts that can trigger bootleg innovation and fully stimulate employees′ innovative potential; on the other hand, managers should also provide effective supervision, intervention, and support for the creative process of employees, focusing on cultivating a paradox mindset to ensure the smooth implementation of bootleg innovation.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the diversity and depth of executive′s ties and their impact on corporate innovation Hou Xueru, Liu Mingxia, Zhang Lu 2025, 46(2): 181-192.  DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.02.018 Abstract ( 82 )       In practice, it is a common phenomenon that executives hold concurrent positions in enterprise management, which may form different forms of executive′s ties and have differentiated effects, and it is of great practical significance to identify which types of executive′s ties can help enterprises to innovate and develop. The existing research shows that different types of executive′s ties can produce different loose coupling structures, and the theory of loose coupling helps to explain why executive′s ties may have different effects on corporate innovation. However, there are few literatures to investigate the influence of different types of executive′s ties on corporate innovation. Combining the theory of loose coupling and peer effect, based on the data of listed companies in China automobile industry from 2008 to 2020, this paper tested the above-mentioned innovation paradox by the negative binomial regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) the diversity of executive′s ties positively promotes corporate innovation, while the depth of executive′s ties has a U-shaped effect on corporate innovation. (2) The increase of geographical overlap strengthens the positive influence of the diversity of executive connections on corporate innovation; However, it makes the U-shaped effect of the depth of executive′s ties on corporate innovation smooth. (3) The mediating effect of market contact degree between the diversity of executive′s ties and corporate innovation has been verified, while the effectiveness of market contact plays a masking role between the depth of executive′s ties and corporate innovation. This result will undoubtedly enrich the differentiation effect of executive linkage on innovation in theory, expand the theoretical boundary between loose coupling theory and peer effect theory, and help the academic circles to dialectically understand the peer effect of executive′s ties. In practice, it will provide some valuable suggestions for enterprises to reasonably maintain the contact distance with chain companies, guide enterprises to better stimulate the innovative potential of executive′s ties, and prevent them from falling into blind peer imitation. References | Related Articles | Metrics