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20 May 2016, Volume 37 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Long-term rules of international industry transfer caused by technology platform change in the steel industry Zhu Hao, Zou Ping 2016, 37(5): 1-9.  Abstract ( 751 )   This study inspected the relationship between international iron and steel industry transfer and innovation of iron and steel technology platform in a long time span. The study found the following new rules: the iron and steel smelting technology is under continual change which requires local industry support. Besides, the innovation center of steel technology is in traditional steel superpowers, and the innovation of revolutionary technology platform is usually implemented in emerging areas, which will promote industry formation and promotion in foreign lands and cause international transfer in iron and steel industry. In addition, the traditional technology cannot compete against the impact of new technology. Actually, China has become the center of iron and steel industry. Therefore, China needs to speed up iron and steel technology innovation and extend the life span of steel industry. Not only does innovation need to seek differentiation, but also it needs to form a complete set of technology and focuses on the development orientation in the transformation of technology platform when meeting the diversified market demand in order to achieve transformation and promotion of China’s iron and steel industry by technology innovation platform. Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis of foreign open innovation schools based on author co-citation analysis 2016, 37(5): 10-18.  Abstract ( 1199 )   Using the Author Co-citation Analysis and the analysis tools of Bibexcel, SPSS and Ucinet, the co-occur matrix of highly cited authors is constructed. It’s data are from the open innovation correlative literature collected in the Web of Science database. Then the visualized knowledge maps are made in the field of open innovation after the multivariate statistical analysis and social network analysis. The study results show that foreign open innovation are divided three parts: the integrated perspective, the open source software perspective and the external perspective. The integrated perspective studies the concept of open innovation, applicable conditions, knowledge management, value network, intellectual property, enterprise innovation performance, user innovation, etc. The open source software perspective studies open source software community, while the external perspective is focus on how to acquire the external technology and knowledge. Meanwhile, it summarizes and expounds the connotations of each schools of foreign open innovation research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Effect of Government Subsidies on R&D Investment of Strategic Emerging Industries Wu Xianyun, Chenyan, Yang Weihua 2016, 37(5): 19-23.  Abstract ( 962 )   Government subsidies are the main means of stimulating corporate innovation.. With the sample of 278 firms of strategic emerging industries from 2010 to 2013, this paper applied the fixed panel data model to study the effect of government subsidies on R&D investment. The empirical results show that: First, government subsidies have a critical point, when the subsidy is lower than the point, it will induce more R&D investment, otherwise, the subsidy will have a crowding-out effect on companies’ R&D investments. Second, firm’s rent-seeking behavior can improve the leverage effect of government subsidies. However, rent-seeking behavior is not a productive activity, thus obtaining subsidies through rent-seeking will distort the government subsidy policy, which is aimed at promoting R&D innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of fuzzy front end uncertainty, knowledge sharing and new product development performance Cao Yong, Sun Helin, Jiang Zhenyu, Ruan Xi 2016, 37(5): 24-32.  Abstract ( 1022 )   This study targets employees from Chinese manufacturing industry as respondents, introduces knowledge sharing into fuzzy front end (FFE) innovation, and then builds knowledge-sharing model in term of related factors, FFE and new product development(NPD) performance for the purpose of exploring how reducing FFE uncertainty impacts on NPD performance. The results show that the reduction of market, resource, organization and technology uncertainty during the FFE poses diverse extent of positive impact on NPD performance; the initial plan has a positive effect on the lessening of market, resources, organization and technology uncertainty and NPD performance improvement; knowledge sharing presents different level of positive impact on the reduction of marketing, resources, organization and technology uncertainty; knowledge sharing produces a promoting impact on NPD performance. The results not only give important theoretical enlightenment to in-depth study of knowledge sharing and FFE, but also provide significant practical guidance for Chinese manufacturing enterprises in NPD. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence mechanism of environmental regulation on TFP of enterprises 2016, 37(5): 33-41.  Abstract ( 1116 )   Based on China's industrial database datum, this paper empirically examines whether and how environmental regulatory stringency effects on the Total Factor Productivity(TFP) of enterprises. The study finds that the environmental regulatory stringency has an inverted U-shape in the TFP of enterprises, namely, the TFP of enterprises gradually increase with the increase of regulatory stringency, however, when environmental regulatory stringency increases to a certain extent TFP of enterprises will decline. Further study finds that the appropriate environmental regulation triggers cost-saving innovation more than compensates for the cost of compliance to improve the TFP of enterprises. This paper conducts Robustness Test using different indicators of regulatory stringency and instrumental variable. These results show that the more stringent and properly designed environmental regulation leads to win-win effects between environmental protection and enterprise productivity gains. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese regional innovation differences in temporal and spatial evolution Xiao Gang ， Du Debin ， Dai Qiwen 2016, 37(5): 42-50.  Abstract ( 1378 )   In total patent licensing as the main indicator, based on provincial spatial unit, using the coefficient of variation, space Markov chains and spatial autocorrelation and other methods, from the time, space and time and space to explore the 1985-2013 regional perspective of regional innovation difference between evolution and dynamic characteristics. The study found：(1) Differences of Regional Innovation presented the situation as a whole continues to expand, and presents two high-level and low-level convergence space club; (2) the transfer of regional innovation gap with the type of space is closely related to the level of innovation, the smaller the gap between regional innovation level, the greater the probability of occurrence of metastasis; vice versa. (3) The level of innovation neighborhood differences significantly affects the evolution of regional innovation, but this effect exists asymmetry. Finally, The development of regional innovation policy recommendations on this basis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific research cooperation and team knowledge creation: A network interaction model Zhang Pengcheng, Li Mingze, Liu Wenxing, Peng Jian 2016, 37(5): 51-59.  Abstract ( 1283 )   Abstract: Aiming for creating more knowledge within scientific research teams, this paper builds an interactional mode of cooperative networks structure and tie strength. Collecting data of 111 scholars and their cooperative networks, we testified our hypothesis. The results show as followings: 1) networks centrality has positive impact on team knowledge creation; 2) networks density alleviates the link between centrality and team knowledge creation; 3) tie strength enhances the moderation effect of centrality and density. Thus, scientific research teams will have better performance in term of knowledge creation when their cooperative networks characteristic of high centrality, low density and strong tie. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical research on the relationship between psychological capital and performance of knowledge workers Sun Hongfei， Ni Jiaran， Wu Huijuan， Zhou Lanping 2016, 37(5): 60-69.  Abstract ( 741 )   As an important part of capital theory, psychological capital plays an important role in the researches of human behavior. This paper focuses on “the relationship between psychological capital and performance of knowledge worker”, takes knowledge workers of high-tech enterprise in Zhejiang Province as research object, establishes structural equation model to empirical research, then uses AMOS software to analyze the model and data, and explores the role and size of relationship between the variables. The results showed that psychological capital is stably positively related to the performance of knowledge worker. Among them, confidence and resilience is obviously positive correlation with each dimension of performance, while there is no-relevant between hope and task performance, and the same as optimism and job devotion. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the patent litigation propensity of patent holders in the telecommunication industry Yuan Xiaodong, Xie Weifeng 2016, 37(5): 70-77.  Abstract ( 863 )   The number of patent litigation in telecommunication industry is sharply increasing in recent years. NPEs played an important role in the patent litigations and caused great damages to related manufacturing enterprises. However, there are no quantitative indicators to measure the enterprises’ willing to initiate patent litigation. This paper defines patent litigation propensity of patent holders to assess some well-known enterprises in telecommunication industry and some NPEs’ willing to initiate patent litigation. The results show that the NPEs’ patent litigation propensity is greater than the practicing entities and patent litigation propensity has a close relationship with product types of the enterprises, the country of the enterprises and the duration of relevant litigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic innovation and optimal compensation mechanism of patent infringement Dong Liang， Ren Jianxin， Yu Fei 2016, 37(5): 78-86.  Abstract ( 891 )   Through a trilateral game model, this paper studies protective effect of the lost-royalty doctrine and the unjust-enrichment doctrine to the cumulative innovation of basic research respectively under the condition of product differentiation, and then analyses the optimal compensation mechanism of patent infringement on this basis. The results show that the lost-royalty doctrine could effectively maintain the benefit of patent holders compare with the unjust-enrichment doctrine. Only by mixed using the two compensation mechanism to build an ex-ante mechanism, the court could maximize the social welfare by guiding firms’ behavior indirectly. The court is not only a “arbiter” but also a “guide”, and plays a more proactive role in patent system. Related Articles | Metrics

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The investment in basic researches: Policy defects and cognition misunderstanding 2016, 37(5): 87-93.  Abstract ( 890 )   Based on the international comparison, this paper found that basic research investment still exists the problem of insufficient funds and the structure to be optimized in our country. Investigating the reason, it can be explained from the existing policy and subjective understanding aspects. Analysis show that the current policies have various defects, such as giving prominence to application oriented, weakening the scientific orientation; highlighting R&D investment intensity, weakening basic research investment; standing out achievements transformation of colleges and universities, weakening basic research requirements. From the perspective of cognition, some misunderstanding, such as "useless theory of basic research", not worthwhile of basic research, low basic research investment being reasonable, has existed for a long time. This paper put forward some suggestions, that further discussion and study on the understanding of basic research, then reasonably determining the target of basic research investment intensity, and the central government funding of new R&D investment should mainly tilting to the basic research, and clearly position the R&D function of universities and colleges, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Family cohesion and strategic proactiveness 2016, 37(5): 94-102.  Abstract ( 1060 )   It is an urgent question whether and how family force influences entrepreneurship in family business research. From two contradictory perspectives—stewardship and agency theory, this study further extends the research level from family involvement to family relationship, and explores the relationship and mechanism between family cohesion and proactiveness of family business. The empirical result indicates that family cohesion have a positive effect to the proactiveness of family business, while organizational formalization and customer orientation play as the mediating factors. The findings indicate “family harmony” will be the driven force of entrepreneurship which provides the beneficial guidance and operationalized path for enterprise practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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The building of network relations and its impacts on firm growth within clusters Yang Rui，Xia Bin 2016, 37(5): 103-111.  Abstract ( 790 )   The growth of firm is affected by the network relations mix designated and the network resources acquired. In combination with the resource-based view and the inter-organizational network theory, the paper constructs a conceptual framework of network relations-network resources-firm growth by specifying a simultaneously equations with mix-process model, based on firm-level survey data from Suzhou Textile industry cluster, to test the discrepant performance of firm growth in a cluster. The paper concludes that both entrepreneur cognition and firm innovation strategies affect the variance of network relations building and the firm growth performance through the network resources acquired within the cluster. Specifically, entrepreneurs with analytical cognition, and firms with combination of innovation strategies hold higher propensity to establish inter-firm network relations and non-firm network relations, meanwhile there exists a complimentary relationship in the network relations mix, and financial resources and trust, which are derived from inter-firm network relations, as well as knowledge and technology, which are acquired from non-firm network relations, have a significantly positive influence on the growth of firm within clusters. Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of consumer’s identification of corporate social responsibility on purchase intentions Qi Liyun，Zhang Bibo，Guo Yanan 2016, 37(5): 112-121.  Abstract ( 903 )   The article applied the concept of identity to the study of corporate social responsibility, studied the impact of consumer’s identity of CSR on their purchase intention. The level of consumer’s CSR agree to some extent tell that how the consumer support the company’s action about CSR and if they realized the importance of the CSR. In this study, we collected questionnaires among consumers from the food industry, using SPSS and Lisrel to analyzed the data. The results show that: five dimensions, including economic responsibility, human rights, environmental protection, social development and animal protection, have a significant influence on purchase intentions. Behavior attitude played a complete procurement intermediary role between the three dimensions including responsible purchase, environment protect, animal protect, and the purchase intention; but human rights and social development are not a complete role. Conclusions reached in this paper can help company finding the most suitable way. Related Articles | Metrics

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A combination empowerment model based on variation coefficient weighted and its empirical study of S&T evaluation 2016, 37(5): 122-131.  Abstract ( 1081 )   The science and technology (S&T) evaluating index system of implicating the Scientific Development View Connotation is established, by using R cluster analysis to delete these indicators of reflecting repeated information, and using factor analysis to screen these indicators with the highest information content. On this basis, by combining the subjective G1 weight with the objective angle cosine weight utilizing the variation coefficient, the paper establishes a combination empowerment model based on variation coefficient weighted, and then carries out an empirical study of 14 typical provinces of China. The special and contributions of this paper lie on two aspects. Firstly, by combining the subjective G1 weight with the objective angle cosine weight utilizing the variation coefficient, the maximum objective function of combination weighting has been established. Then, the combination coefficient θ1 of the subjective G1 weight and the combination coefficient θ2 of the objective angle cosine weight can be calculated. At the same time, the empowering ideas that the bigger of the distribution variability between the subjective weighting and the objective weighting, the greater of the combination weighting, is reflected. Thus, the right time to make up the existing combination empowerment cannot effectively reflect the difference between the expert knowledge and the objective data, because the subjective weighting coefficient θ1 and the objective weighting coefficient θ2 is equal. Secondly, an empirical result show that the key factor of restricting Jiangxi and Guangxi S&T development is insufficient S&T input; the critical factor of constraining Sichuan S&T development is weak in science and technology's influence on the economic and social; the bottleneck element of restricting Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan S&T development is insufficient S&T output. Related Articles | Metrics

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Import taxes, heterogeneity and licensing of foreign firms Qi Yong, Hou Zemin 2016, 37(5): 132-140.  Abstract ( 783 )   This paper analyzes the effect of import taxes and differentiation on the licensing modes choice and social welfare with a differentiated duopoly model in the Stackelberg competition. It shows that fixed-fee can occur if import taxes are high and the goods are very different. Royalty and two-part tariff can increase the profit of foreign enterprise and two-part tariff gain the highest profit. However, three licensing modes may decrease the social welfare under the condition of high import taxes and differentiated goods. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on task-driven learning of tacit knowledge Xia Ni, Hu Bin 2016, 37(5): 141-149.  Abstract ( 813 )   Due to the characteristics of concealment and non-construction for tacit knowledge, we leverage theory of learning by doing and knowledge transfer, and use simulation method to study the impact of strategy of task assignment, task arrival rate, proportion of different complex task on learning process for tacit knowledge from perspective of task. Simulation results reveal that the strategy for purpose of knowledge increase can promote tacit knowledge learning best, strategy for purpose of minimizing time cost will cause loss for original knowledge, and strategy of task assignment by random can little affect tacit knowledge learning. Task arrival rate measures employees’ work pressure, appropriately increasing work pressure can greatly contribute to tacit knowledge learning. The proportion of different complex task will affect tacit knowledge learning by influencing global task complexity, and it appears an inverted U-shape between task complexity and learning effect of tacit knowledge. No matter what the proportion of different complex tasks is, it may significantly contribute to tacit knowledge learning if only global task complexity is maintained at a moderate level. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the credit risk and issue limit of local government bonds Sun Dongsheng, Xu Zhiwei 2016, 37(5): 150-160.  Abstract ( 947 )   In the context of bank economic capital management, the economic capital of a municipality, defined as its revenue available for debt servicing and salable asset, covers its debt and can be used as a guideline to set debt limit. Utilizing the CreditMetrics Model enhanced by copula function, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine the debt limit for municipal bond issuance, with a sample of 18 unmatured intermediate-term municipal bonds issued by the city of Hefei. We first derives discount rates of forward zero curves with 5-year government bond yields in the inter-dealer market adjusted by credit risk premiums. Then along with the credit quality transition matrix provided by domestic rating firms, the paper calculates VaR’s for individual bonds. With MonteCarlo simulation and correlation matrix estimated with copula functions, we arrive at the portfolio VaR. Comparing the VaR with economic capital will help to determine Hefei’s debt limit. Related Articles | Metrics