Science Research Management

Innovation is the fundamental driving force for development

Feng Zhijun, Liu Yanhua, Fang Xin, Mu Rongping, Zhang Wei

2015, 36(11): 1-10.

Abstract ( 1168 )

Innovation is a complicated process of value creation, and the determinant force for economic development. Innovation-driven development covers all aspects of modernization, ranging from science & technology development to business model innovation, institutional innovation, management innovation, and social innovation as well as innovation of talent cultivation mechanism. To realize the goal of innovation-driven development, it is necessary to improve the national innovation eco-system, to accelerate the transformation of government functions, to create favorable institutional environment for innovation, to stimulate the vitality of innovation actors, to strengthen the construction of innovative infrastructure and platform, to carry forward Chinese innovative culture and spirit, so as to formulate a development situation where the whole society pays close attention to and takes part in the innovation, and to build the innovation-driven country and the well-off society.

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A review of catching-up theory: Description, citation, and co-words analysis

Ying Ying, Liu Yang

2015, 36(11): 11-20.

Abstract ( 1209 )

Based on a systematic and quantitative review of literature, this paper summaries 263 papers on the topic of catching-up theory. The results of descriptive analysis show an overall picture of publishing trends, main international journals, main organizations, and main authors of this line of research. Moreover, the results of citation analysis show the development path of catching-up theory in fields of innovation management, strategic management, and international business. Then, based on the co-words analysis, this paper directs the future research opportunities. Finally, this paper ends up with discussions about topics on latecomer firms' innovation catchup in transitional economies.

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Technological diversification, slack resources and firm performance

Zhang Qinglei, Shi Jianjun, Liu Chunlin

2015, 36(11): 21-28.

Abstract ( 994 )

A growing number of strategy and innovation scholars have focused on the effect of technological diversification on firm performance. But little attention has been paid to different types of slack resources which may affect the relationship between technological diversification and firm performance. In this paper, based on RBV, we examine the effect of technological diversification on firm performance and different moderating effects of slack resources on the relationship between technological diversification and firm performance. An unbalanced panel data from 316 public companies listed on GEM in China is used to examine our hypotheses. The results indicate that different moderating role of slack resources is observably recognized. Concretely, we find that unabsorbed slack positively moderates while absorbed slack negatively moderates the relationship of technological diversification and firm performance. But we find there is not a statistically significant relationship between technological diversification and firm performance. The conclusion of this study indicates that firms should consider the effect of different types of slack resources when using technological diversification to get competitive advantage.

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Business models, innovation ambidexterity and firm performance

Hu Baoliang

2015, 36(11): 29-36.

Abstract ( 1197 )

This paper aims to explore how business models affect firm performance through the mediating role of innovation ambidexterity. Therefore, the hypotheses of relationship among business models, innovation ambidexterity and firm performance are proposed,and these hypotheses are tested by using hierarchical regression analysis with data collected from 173 manufacturing firms.The results show that both efficiency-centered and novelty-centered business model designs have positive influence on innovation ambidexterity; innovation ambidexterity has positive influence on firm performance. The results also show that innovation ambidexterity partially mediates the relationship between efficiency-centered business model design and firm performance as well as the relationship between novelty-centered business model design and firm performance. This study expands the studies of the influence of business models on firm performance by showing the indirect influence of business models. This study may help firms figure out isolating mechanisms that can be used to prevent the business model from being undermined by competitors' imitation.

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The crowdfunding of innovation projects: The value of sponsors' citizenship behaviors

Zheng Haichao, Yang Tingting, Chen Dongyu, Wan Neng

2015, 36(11): 37-46.

Abstract ( 1079 )

The combination of Internet with private capital, especially the online social network, generates a new financing channel of crowdfunding, in which the sponsors not only invest in crowdfunding projects, but also voluntarily help the entrepreneurs implement the projects. Therefore, how to improve project implementation performance with the sponsor citizenship behaviors is an important academic question. Based on the value co-creation theory and the research in value and satisfaction, this paper investigated the antecedents of sponsor citizenship behaviors and their effects on his/her satisfaction. We made three theoretical contributions as follows. First, we are one of the first to analyze crowdfunding project implementation from the value co-creation perspective. Second, this paper uncovered the relationships among sponsor citizenship behaviors, community benefits and sponsor satisfaction. Finally, we identified the antecedents of sponsor citizenship behaviors as perceived project risk, project novelty, and project social responsibility.

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The exploration of network search structure type and its effect mechanism

Song Jing, Sun Yonglei, Xie Yongping

2015, 36(11): 47-54.

Abstract ( 967 )

This paper explored the main structure types and effect mechanism of the enterprise network search in the context of technological innovation network. First, by learning from the grounded theory and through 3 in-depth interviews, we found the main types of enterprise network search are knowledge search, relationships search and routine search. Meanwhile, we surveyed the cooperation networks of Xi'an High-tech enterprise as the object, and did an empirical test on the effect mechanism of network search. The results show that, moderate relationship search helps companies to achieve higher cooperation innovation performance, and that knowledge search not only improves cooperation innovation performance, but also has an intermediary role between relationship search and cooperation innovation performance, and that the positive relationship between routine search and cooperation innovation performance is passed through empirical testing, and that routine search also has a positively regulated relationship between knowledge search and cooperative innovation performance.

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Government support and financial development, social capital and the financing efficiency of S&T innovation enterprises

Zhang Yuxi, Zhao Lili

2015, 36(11): 55-63.

Abstract ( 962 )

Using the hierarchical liner model and relevant data of 559 listed companies in innovation, this paper analyses the effects of regional government support, financial development and corporate social capital on the financing efficiency of S&T innovation enterprises. The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between government support and the financing efficiency of S&T innovation enterprises, and a significant positive correlation between financial development and the financing efficiency of S&T innovation enterprises. The corporate social capital positively regulates the relationship between government support and the financing efficiency of S&T innovation enterprises, as well as the relationship between financial development and the financing efficiency of S&T innovation enterprises.

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Single factor efficiency analysis in different types of technological innovation activities

Huang Ping

2015, 36(11): 64-70.

Abstract ( 834 )

In order to obtain contribution of each innovation factor to efficiency of technological innovation, the paper distinguishes basic research, applied research and experimental development, and estimates the single factor efficiency of each innovation factor based on the stochastic frontier production function. The estimation results show that the single factor efficiency of basic research is higher than applied research's and experimental development's, R&D funds' efficiency in basic research and applied research is higher than R&D scientific and technical personnel's efficiency, but R&D scientific and technical personnel's efficiency is higher than R&D funds' efficiency in experimental development. Efficiency of scientific papers and patents as factors input are very low, efficiency of new product development expenditure is low, single efficiency of innovation input has greatly rising space. There are large regional differences in the efficiency of innovation in China, different province has different advantage of innovation efficiency, China should increase innovation investment. What's more, we should raise theefficiency of R&D funds and manpower input, and reverse "number oriented" of scientific papers and "supply oriented" of patent.

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A monitoring analysis of the core position of technology innovation in China's enterprises from 2000 to 2012

Zhang Chidong

2015, 36(11): 71-79.

Abstract ( 903 )

It is important to carry out a scientific and objective analysis of the core position of technology innovation in China's enterprises. Based on the theory of national innovation system and innovation process, this paper constructs a systematic analysis framework of learning reengineering, value reengineering and structure reconstruction (LVS) and its evaluation indexes, and then applies the technology innovation index of enterprise (TⅡ) to analyze dynamically the technology innovation activities of China's enterprises from 2000 to 2012. The empirical analysis results show that the ability of structure reconstruction is the most prominent, the ability of value reengineering has achieved a continuous and rapid increase, and the ability of learning reengineering is relatively high but with some weaknesses. Generally, the core position of technology innovation of China's enterprises has been promoted rapidly, and specifically, the TⅡ index has been increased by 49.8%. It is also shown by a structural analysis that large firms, especially private firms, have played a more important role to promote the core position of technology innovation in China's enterprises. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward in this paper.

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Information disclosure and corporate R&D investment

Yuan Dongren, Wang Wei

2015, 36(11): 80-88.

Abstract ( 1125 )

Base on the sample of Chinese public listed companies from 2008 to 2012, this paper investigates whether and how information disclosure affects corporate R&D investment. The results show that the quality of information disclosure is positively related to the level of corporate R&D investment, and negatively related to financing constraints and agent costs, while financing constraints and agent costs both have a negative relationship with corporate R&D investment. By the testing procedure of the mediating effects, financing constraints and agent costs have significant mediating effects. These results suggest that information disclosure can facilitate corporate R&D investment through reducing financing constraints and agent costs, which reflect respectively the financing role and the regulatory role of information disclosure.

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Top management team heterogeneity, strategic ambidexterity and firm performance

Wang Yimin, Wang Yilin, Cheng Haidong

2015, 36(11): 89-97.

Abstract ( 1171 )

An empirical analysis is made using the data between 2008 and 2011 based on 68 China's A-share listed companies in the pharmaceutical industry. We analyses the relationship between strategic ambidexterity and firm performance from Balanced Dimension (BD) and Interactive Dimension (ID). The mediating effect of strategic ambidexterity between TMT heterogeneity and firm performance is also tested. The results of the empirical analysis show that strategic ambidexterity (BD) mediates entirely the relationship between top management team (TMT) heterogeneity in education and firm performance, and mediates partially the relationship between TMT heterogeneity in career experience and firm performance. Strategic ambidexterity (ID) mediates entirely the relationship between TMT heterogeneity in career experience and firm performance.

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The influence of capitalization of R&D expenditure on value relevance

Pan Jingjing, Zhao Wuyang

2015, 36(11): 98-106,147.

Abstract ( 913 )

This study examines the influence of the R&D expenditure capitalization in China in 2007(from expensing to conditional capitalization) on the valuation role of accounting information from the value relevance perspective. We employ the Price Model and the Return Model, a Diff-in-Diff method and four definitions to set up treatment groups (firms affected by capitalization) and control groups (firms not affected by capitalization). Our results show that the R&D expenditure capitalization enhanced the relationship of accounting information with firm value, and this enhancement only exists among firms with comparatively low accounting quality and non-state-owned enterprises. This paper shows that R&D expenditure capitalization has promoted the valuation role of accounting information and led to positive economic consequences.

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A study of the free cash flow and dynamic adjustment of capital structure in public companies

Xiao Ming, Chang Le, Cui Chao

2015, 36(11): 107-116.

Abstract ( 1204 )

Based on the financial data of all A-share companies listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange before 2003(excluding financial firms) for the time period 2004-2012, and using the system GMM estimator of dynamic panel data model, this paper estimated the target capital structure of China's public companies and calculated an adjustment speed of 0.186. Then we built a fixed-effect model to reflect the joint effects of free cash flow and the deviation of capital structure on adjustment speed of capital structure. The research shows that compared to adjusting the capital structure individually when the company can adjust capital structure and free cash flow simultaneously, the adjustment cost will become lower and the adjustment speed will be faster. After the capital structure is adjusted to (or close to) the target structure, public companies will keep it at the optimal level, regardless of the adjustment of free cash flow. Whether companies face financial constraints or not, the conclusion is robust. But companies facing financial constraints adjust their capital structure at a slower speed, compared with companies not facing financial constraints.

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An empirical study on factors and mechanism of affecting customeridentification under service recovery situation

Xie Fenghua

2015, 36(11): 117-123.

Abstract ( 925 )

This study focuses on the relation among customer perception, customer identification and customer behavior. Through the empirical analysis, the study finds out that non-institutional customer perception (recovery initiative, tangible compensation, response speed, and apology) and institutional customer perception (claims statement, guard system and measures) have significant positive influence on customer identification. Customer identification has a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction, repurchase intention and word-of-mouth.

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A study on the thoughts of developing S&T social organizations in China

Li Yan, Li Zhe

2015, 36(11): 124-130.

Abstract ( 1011 )

This paper proposed the definition and scope of S&T social organizations, studied the thoughts on developing the organizations in China. S&T social organizations constitute the social layer of innovation, help form socialized innovation network, participate in S&T evaluation, and provide innovation-related public services missed by the government. The construction of national innovation system and state-society adjustment will lead S&T organizations in China into a new stage of development. While scatters of S&T social organizations have appeared, most of them are still in a spontaneous state. Forward-looking institutional design and guidance are thus needed. In helping them, the government must guarantee the social nature of S&T social organizations and make full use of existing social networks. The operation of S&T social organizations need diverse funding source and the government's categorized guidance.

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The existence of tacit knowledge representation and its transfer process model

Gao Peng, An Liren

2015, 36(11): 131-138.

Abstract ( 875 )

Tacit knowledge representations directly affect tacit knowledge transfer and sharing. Tacit knowledge is different from explicit knowledge, because it is difficult to be represented by propositional symbol accurately and completely, but we cannot deny its existence in the human brain. From the epistemological perspective and through the individual tacit knowledge representative model, this paper demonstrates that the tacit knowledge is the person's whole mental imagery which is concerned with particular situation and connections between entities. Based on the information theory and the tacit knowledge characterization model, the paper constructs the tacit knowledge transfer model. There are 8 parts in the tacit knowledge transfer model:the source, output mapping, show, mirror, channel, perception, input mapping and destination of the tacit knowledge. The tacit knowledge transfer model completes the whole transfer process through the eight parts from tacit knowledge demonstration to tacit knowledge absorption. The target of the tacit transfer process is to minimize the tacit knowledge conditional entropy and to maximize the mutual tacit knowledge quantity between entities.

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An empirical study of the influencing factors of the intention in leaking the privacy of others

Wu Na, Li Wenli, Lv Xin, Ke Yulong

2015, 36(11): 139-147.

Abstract ( 922 )

The development of the Internet has brought great convenience to citizens' lives, but also caused a series of privacy security problems. The netizens' leakage of other's privacy is a major concern for information security government. In efforts to understand this problem, we employed the neutralization theory, a theory prominent in criminology but not yet applied in the context of privacy leakage. It offers new insight into how netizens rationalize their leakage behaviors. Choosing the human flesh search as a typical example of our research object, we proposed a research model to test the influence factors of the intention to leak other' privacy under the Internet. Using data from a sample of 759 valid questionnaires, the relevance of neutralization theory was tested via SmartPLS2.0. The findings indicated that the techniques associated with denial of responsibility, denial of victim, and avoidance of greater harm positively influenced the intention of leaking other's privacy, the technologies of denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties had no significant effect on the intention. Furthermore, enhancing personal privacy awareness can effectively weaken the behavior intention to disclose the privacy of others. Our empirical results highlight neutralization and privacy awareness as important factors to take into account with regard to developing and implementing netizens' behavior policies and practices.

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The difference of variation of the production efficiency in China's regional construction industry and its spatial convergence

Liu Bingsheng, Chen Xiaohong, Wang Xueqing, Gao Min, Zhou Shuguo

2015, 36(11): 148-154.

Abstract ( 911 )

Chinese regional construction industry presents relatively large differences in its development. The persistent existence and excessive expansion of such differences will not only affect the overall efficiency of the development of the construction industry, but also are not favorable to the effective allocation of resources. Based on this fact, we combine the stochastic frontier production function model and the method of σ convergence test, explore the regional differences of the variation of the production efficiency in Chinese construction industry of the new century and its influence mechanism, and make an empirical analysis of the convergence of the production efficiency in each region's construction industry. The research shows that the production efficiency of Chinese construction industry presents an echelon development trend successively from the east to the west; the four control variables, that is, the regional science and technology input, the openness of the construction market, the market ownership structure and the industrial development level, greatly promote the production efficiency of Chinese construction industry; the two control variables, that is, the human capital in the construction industry and the development of the regional financial industry, play a negative role in the promotion of the production efficiency in the construction industry; there exist seriously enlarging differences in the production efficiency of the inter-regional construction industries, as well as intra-regional construction industries. Finally, this paper proposes some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from five aspects, including effectively containing the local protection, regulating the competition order, deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises, attracting foreign companies and improving innovation mechanisms.

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A study of efficiency measurement of S&T resource allocation in universities based on the relational network DEA model with shared inputs

Suo Weilan, Lu Guichang, Chen Rui

2015, 36(11): 155-161.

Abstract ( 862 )

The S&T resource allocation in universities involves re-input of intermediate outputs, relations with shared inputs among various phases, time lag between inputs and outputs, and difference of returns to scale. Considering these features, a research scheme is firstly designed. Measurement variables are selected and a measurement model based on the relational network DEA with shared inputs is constructed under the assumption of variable returns to scale. Then, an empirical study is conducted using statistical data from 2006 to 2013 from 29 universities designated for "985 Project". Their overall and phased pure technical efficiencies are measured respectively. The results show that about 34% universities are high in efficiency, about 21% universities are low in efficiency, and about 45% universities are unbalanced. Furthermore, a classified comparison analysis is conducted according to the results and some advice is given to improve efficiency.

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The effect of the knowledge worker's role stress on life satisfaction: A moderated mediation model

Gao Zhonghua, Zhao Chen

2015, 36(11): 162-169.

Abstract ( 1018 )

This paper explores the effect of knowledge worker's role stress on life satisfaction, the mediating effect of family interference with work and the moderating effect of social support on the mediation of family interference with work based on the data collected from the two-round investigation made to 528 knowledge workers. The results of hierarchical regression and moderated path analysis show that the role stress not only has a direct negative impact on life satisfaction, but also has an indirect negative impact through the full mediating effect of family interference with work when the social support from various sources is at a lower level. This mechanism embodies in a form of the moderated mediation such that social support weakens the mediating effect of family interference with work between role stress and life satisfaction. In other words, family interference with work will no longer have a significant impact on life satisfaction when the social support arrives at a higher level and consequently the mediating effect of family interference with work between role stress and life satisfaction is not significant any more.

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The combination of professional evaluation and Participation Satisfaction of earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise evaluation method

Song Yinghua, Li Xuyan, Wang Zhe, Wang Li

2015, 36(11): 170-175.

Abstract ( 973 )

Earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise not only enhance earthquake emergency response ability of governments, but also make the masses quickly learn the earthquake aid knowledge of safety precaution, personal security and mutualaid. In order to enhance the effectiveness of earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise, the evaluation index system of earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise is constructed with considering the expert appraisal opinions and participation of the masses, and then regulates the construction of earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise system through evaluation. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the index weight of professional appraisal opinions and participation of the masses. Meanwhile, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is introduced to quantify multi-factor hierarchal information in earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise evaluation. The scientific nature and operability of the method is verified by 2014 earthquake emergency comprehensive exercise of Shiyan city.

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A comparative study between the technological innovation-driven influence and brand relationship-driven influence in the new economic environment

Tang Xiaofei, Cheng Li, Wang Chunguo, Lu Pingjun

2015, 36(11): 176-183.

Abstract ( 940 )

With rising of relationship marketing in the world and influence of the traditional Chinese culture, the whole society has reached a consensus that relationship marketing acts as an underlying variable in the commercial market. Therefore, it has become the basic logic and rational cognition of CRM and brand equity management to drive customer loyalty and brand equity through brand relationships. However, with the rise of a new round of technological revolution and industry changes, can the brand relationship-driven force successfully counter the technological innovation-driven impact on the brand relationship affection and customers purchase intention? Can the basic theoretical model of brand equity effectively guide business practices in emerging markets? Or is there a need for reconstruction? These issues are worthy of further exploration. By using mobile phone brands' user as samples, the thesis has revealed:on the surface, the consumers still follow the development path of "brand prototype-brand relationship affection-purchase intention"; in essence, they have changed their logic under the external driving influence, compared to the brand relationship-driven influence, the technological innovation-driven influence is a stronger moderator. The research has overturned the traditional theoretical model of relationship marketing to a certain extent and thus has important implications and significance for enterprises to develop marketing strategies in the new economic environment.

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From innovation aversion to innovation tolerance: A study of influence of bank debt governance towards technological innovation

Wang Xu

2015, 36(11): 184-192.

Abstract ( 1009 )

Rapid-changing competition environment has provided banks sufficient power to make an evolution from aversion to tolerance towards enterprises' technological innovation. This paper has analyzed the impact of bank debt governance upon corporations' technological innovation capability, and then examined the mediation effects of agency cost and innovation input to identify the transmission path between debt governance and innovation. The results show that:(1) Bank debt governance can enhance corporations' innovation capability, which proves banks begin to be tolerant or supportive of innovation behavior. (2) Agency cost has a significant mediation effect between bank governance and innovation capability, which means bank debt governance can promote corporations innovation capability through governance optimization. (3) The mediation effect of innovation input is not significant. Not only have these results broadened pecking order theory of financing and bank monitoring theory, but also provided scientific evidence of technological innovation practice for corporations.

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