In recent years, Chinese aviation industry has rapidly developed; it propels the development of national economy to a certain extent, however, the issue of airport sustainable development capacity has increasingly become the concern of the public. At present, the relevant researches at the home and abroad are in the beginning stage, and scholars have never treated sustainable development issues of airport as a special research topic, affecting the sound development of sustainable development theoretical system in China. According to actual situation of China's airport, firstly, the airport sustainable development capacity is defined, and regional differences coefficient is introduced, then an evaluation system of airport sustainable development capacity is constructed from four aspects, namely, operational ability, social benefit, resource utilization, and environment influence. Besides, a combination weight evaluation model is used to make an empirical study by using the big airports' historical data during the period of 2006-2010, from which the main factors that affect airport sustainable development capacity are obtained and the decision-making guidance for Chinese airport healthy and steady development is provided.