We use a 3-year panel data (from 2009 to 2011) from the Innovative Firms Database collected by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) to test our model. Through regression analysis, we respectively test the effects of firm-firm cooperation and firm-university cooperation on firm international innovation, and explore the contingency mechanism by empirically testing the moderating effects of government involvement. Our results indicate that firm-firm cooperation positively leads to firm international innovation performance, while firm-university cooperation has an inverted U-shaped effect on firm international innovation performance. Besides, government involvement positively moderates the relationship between firm-firm cooperation and international innovation performance, and improves the relationship between firm-university cooperation and international innovation performance.