Technological innovation is an effective means for enterprises to enhance their competitiveness and maintain their sustainable development. Under the background of "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation", the number of SMES continues to grow, and they have become the main body of technological innovation. Grass-roots enterprises (GRES) in Hubei province play an important role in economic development, and their scientific and technological innovation activities are more and more frequent. The evaluation of the technological innovation ability of GRES is of great significance for improving their innovation ability and their healthy sustainable development. This paper constructs the evaluation index from two aspects: the input and the output of science and technology innovation, and uses the method of DEA to comprehensively evaluate the science and technology innovation ability for GRES in Hubei province. Among them, the efficiency of R&D of GRES is higher in Wuhan, Xiangyang and Yichang, but it is not stable in E’zhou, Huangshi and in Shennongjia, and input redundancy and output deficiency both exist. Finally, the paper suggests some measures to improve the science and technology innovation ability of GRES.