Abstract: At present, China is facing a transition from a planned economy to market economy, during which property rights system has become the key bottleneck that restricts the development of science and technology service industry in their competitiveness, so how to stimulate the competitive advantage of organizations become an important task in science and technology system reform. Based on 1150 valid questionnaires, we constructed the model reflecting the relationship among the service resources, dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage according to different system of ownership, and we carried on the empirical analysis aiming to discuss their different transmission mechanisms and impact paths under the different system of ownership. This study shows that the ownership has impact on regulating the relationship among resources, dynamic capability and competitive advantage, and the dynamic capability plays a partial intermediary role in all these organizations. The strength of the intermediary role from large to small in turn is state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, independent public institutions. This article believes that under the current property rights system, the competitiveness of all kinds of institutions are limited in their development. And improving the dynamic ability of the organizations in science and technology services industry would help improve the competitive advantage.