The characteristics of the internal innovation network of the State Key Laboratory were screened and measured. The questionnaire survey was carried out on 112 State Key Laboratories, and the influence model of the internal innovation network on the synergy innovation ability was constructed. The exploratory factor analysis and the structural equation model fitting test shows that the four characteristic variables of the internal innovation network have independent positive effects on the synergy innovation ability. From high to low, the importance degree of each characteristic variable is: the common vision, the internal factor participation, the internal informal relationship, the internal factor synergy. And then the influence mechanism of internal innovation network on the synergy innovation ability is clarified.