The traditional technical efficiency measurement regards the technology transfer system as a "black box", ignoring the analysis of the internal operation mechanism. This paper opens the "black box" and divides the industry-university-research institute (IUR) technology transfer procedure into two relational sub-processes including technological innovation and industrial value creation. Then this paper evaluates the IUR technology transfer efficiency of China's 30 provinces from 2010-2013, applying the tow-stage DEA model. The empirical results show that: the overall efficiency is low, and the technical innovation stage is the bottleneck of the overall technology transfer efficiency; the advantages in technology transfer of the different provinces and regions are various, so a unified platform should be built to full use of the respective advantages of the provinces and regions and make up for the weak sub.