On the basis of scientific classification of idiosyncratic human capital, this paper makes an empirical study on the mechanism difference of impact of idiosyncratic human capital on economic growth in east, central, and west China by using the panel data of 30 provinces from 1996 to 2014. The research shows that innovative human capital is the main factor to promote economic growth in the eastern part of China through technological innovation, that the efficient allocation of skilled as well as innovative human capital with capital elements promotes output growth in the central region, and that human capital in the western region plays a dual role in economic growth, namely, innovative human capital promotes economic growth through technological innovation while basic human capital through output.