Using the 2004-2014 year’ panel data of China’s enterprises overseas R&D investments in 79 countries, an empirical analysis of the negative binomial regression model is adopted to analyze the determinants of Chinese enterprises overseas R&D investments location choice. Through the empirical examination,we found that the host country’s market demand and technology levelhave a significant positive influence on the location choice,the R&D human costshave a significant negativeinfluence on the location choice. However, the institution quality of the host country plays a significant positive mediating role, but with improvement of the host country’s institution quality, the positive mediating role of market demands, technical level and location choice is increasing positively, while the negative mediating role between theR&D human costsand location choice is decreasing. Finally, some policy recommendations are given to the location choice of Chineseenterprises overseas R&D investments.