With the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2012 and through using cointegration equation, PVECM and PVAR model, this paper explored the interactive relationships among environment, energy, R&D and economic growth. The research results indicate: there is of long-term balanced relationships among the environment pollution, energy consumption, R&D and economic growth, and the range of positive adjustment is 0.69% when short-term fluctuations deviates from the long-term equilibrium; At present stage, the improvement of R&D is mainly because of economic growth. Though the improvement of R&D can help curb environmental pollution, it can also lead to the increasing consumption of energy to some extent; energy consumption is an important factor for the economic growth, and it is also a major cause for environment pollution. However, to some extent, the consumption of energy can make positive contribution to the improvement of R&D; Environment pollution presents accumulative effects and path depedence effects, and it has limited effects to economic growth. What’s more, the restructuring effects of it to R&D improvement is weak as well.