How to encourage patent commercialization？Reward theory points out that it should be directly incentive to invention, but prospect theory emphasizes on the persistence of stimulation during post-commercialization. The evolution of commercialization is analyzed based on Orphan Drug Act (ODA) policy in U.S. and EU, and following results are concluded that market exclusivity rights emphasize on market protection during commercialization and patent rights emphasize on the protection of technology innovations, theses two rights form the motivate framework, providing a solution for dealing with the insufficient incentives due to market failure. It is also necessary to pay more attention to the role of SMEs playing in the process of commercialization. A dynamic incentive equilibrium should be achieved between push-policy and pull-policy,and the same equilibrium should be made between production and commercialization of patents.
Key words
patent commercialization /
commercialization pattern /
motivation /
patent policy
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Sadao Nagaoka,John P. Walsh. Commercialization and Other Uses of Patents in Japan and the US:Major findings from the RIETI-Georgia Tech inventor survey,2009.http://ideas.repec.org/p/eti/dpaper/09011.html[EB/OL],2012年1月1日最后访问.
[2] Elizabeth Webster, Paul Jensen. Do Patents Matter for Commercialization? [J].Journal of Law and Economics,2011(5):431-453.
[3] Edmund W. Kitch.The Nature and Function of the Patent System[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1977(2):265-290.
[4] Ted Sichelman.Commercialization Patents[J].Stanford Law Review,2010(2):341-414.
[5] Christopher Cotropia.The Folly of Early Filing in Patent Law[J].Hastings Law Journal,2009(1):65-129.
[6] 袁红梅,金泉源,连桂玉.专利激励机制探析[J].科技管理研究,2010(1):200-201.
[7] 郑友德.论专利制度对创新的激励[J].科研管理,1999(3):69-74.
[8] 杨利华.专利激励论的理性思考[J].知识产权,2009(1):55-60.
[9] John F. Duffy. Rethinking the Prospect Theory of Patents [J].University of Chicago Law Review,2004(2):439-510.
[10] Katz L.,Shapiro C..On the Licensing of Innovation [J].The RAND Journal of Economics,1985(4):504-519.
[11] Thomas W.Eagar.Bringing New Materials to Market[J]. Technology Reviews,1995(45):42-49.
[12] Knut Blind, Katrin Cremers,Elisabeth Mueller.The Influence of Strategic Patenting on Companies'Patent Portfolios [J].Research Policy,2009(38):428-436.
[13] Mark A.Lemley. The Economics of Improvement in Intellectual Property Law[J].Texas Law Review,1997(5):989-1084.
[14] 朱雪忠,漆苏.美国专利改革法案内容及其影响评析[J].知识产权,2010(9):79-89.
[15] O. Wellman-Labadie, Y. Zhou. The US Orphan Drug Act: Rare disease research stimulator or commercial opportunity? [J].Health Policy,2010(95):216-228.
[16] Abbey S.Meyears.Orphan Drugs:The Current Situation in the United States ,Europe ,and Asia[J].Drug Information Journal,1997(1):101-104.
[17] Haffner ME. Orphan Drug development:international program and study design issues[J].Drug Information Journal,1998(1)93-99.
[18] Macdonald, S..When means become ends: considering the impact of patent strategy on innovation[J].Information Economics and Policy, 2004(16):135-158.
[19] H. E. Heemstra, et al.Orphan drug development across Europe :bottlenecks and opportunities[J]. Drug Discovery Today,2008(15):670-675.
[20] Paul Jensen,Elizabeth Webster.SMEs and Their Use of Intellectual Property Rights in Australia,2004.http://melbourneinstitute.com/wp/wp2004n17.pdf ,2012年1月1日最后访问[EB/OL].
[21] Aija Leiponen, Justin Byma.If you cannot block, you better run:Small firms, cooperative innovation and ppropriation strategies[J].Research Policy,2009(38):1478-1488.
[22] Ove Granstrand.The Economics and Management of Intellectual Property[M].Chelteenham,UK Edward Elgar,1999.
[23] 陈朝晖.创新战略绩效评价的国际比较及对中国的启示[J].中国科技论坛,2008(2):130-134.
PDF(459 KB)
