Abstract: Based on the differentiation of some confusable conceptions of S&T evaluation, the evaluation index is established and the S&T productivity is divided into three subsystems which called S&T foundation strength, S&T innovation capability, and S&T transformation efficiency in order to appraise the S&T productivity of national-level agricultural scientific research institutions in 2001-2005. According to the evaluation result, the all of national-level agricultural scientific research institutions also divided into five types which consist of general superiority style, research dominated style, technology development style, management dominated style, and comparative inferiority style. Finally, some managements and measures aimed at every style institution are brought forward which offered a decision-making basis for the government.