Abstract: In the 21 century, the tempo of emerging industries will fundamentally determine Chinese status and competence on the international market. In the new era, China must face the following vital issues: how to deal with the increasingly internal and external competition, how to establish the strategies and focus of the development of emerging industries scientifically, how to exert the role of the government macroeconomic regulation, how to promote the development of emerging industries rapidly, healthily, and sustainably. The government function in the development of emerging industries is researched from the perspective of national political institution frameworks and it is proposed that different national political institution frameworks determine different government behaviors, and different government behaviors lead to different policy directions, and influence the development paths of the emerging industries. Based on these views, the model about the relationship between mechanisms of government function and the development of emerging industries is built.