Abstract: Project Monitoring & Evaluation(M&E) implement is an important instrument to ensure the project implementation and to achieve the project’s strategic objective. The M&E practice of World Bank’s projects in China is introduced; it includes in-depth analysis of the World Bank’s project cycle, toolkit of M&E, management of M&E as well as the use of evaluation results. Considering the urgent need to improve the Chinese R&D management system and to tackle the challenge and difficulty in the M&E process of mega projects of science research for national medium and long term programme of S&T development (2006-2020), some suggestions are provided on the basis of the lessons leaned from World Bank’s M&E practice.