Abstract: Under the new trade theory, import products boost economic growth through its endogenous technology spillovers. The technology spillover effects associate with the trade structure, and need a certain combination of human capital. Based on experience data of China in 1980-2006, it is found that capital goods, intermediate goods, and imports all have a long-term, stable effect on the technological progress. Chinese import has the technology spillovers, and the structure of human capital and the level of human capital directly determine the effects of import trade technological spillovers. Contrastively, intermediate import goods have more spillover function than capital import goods; there is no a two-way causal relationship between import trade and technological advances, and virtuous cycle has not formed between trade structure improvement and the technological progress. In light of these conclusions, some relevant policy recommendations are put forward.