Abstract: How to launch implement monitoring and evaluation of national R&D projects is an important means to ensure the project implementation and to achieve the project strategic objective. At present，the science and technology administration department implement the annual report on project progress and project acceptance for most of the national R&D programs. Applying medium - term inspection or evaluation, performance appraisal, and other project process management help the administration department to master project progress, to ensure the project implementation, and to achieve the project strategic objective. At the same time, there are some challenge and difficulty in the process of morning and evaluation of national key R&D projects. Some suggestions for the morning and evaluation system of national R&D projects are provided on the basis of the lessons leaned from the practice and discussion of the monitoring and evaluation on national R&D projects.