Based on the input-output data during the period of 1990-2002 released by the National Bureau of Statistics in China, by using the input-output model, the changes of labor productivity among 17 major sectors of China and the relationship between labor productivity and technological progress rate are analyzed. The results show that the labor productivity of 17 sectors increased more or less in 1990-2002, which reflects the fact that the labor productivity level increased wholly. And the labor productivity growth rate was overhead the technology progress rate. From the long-term perspective, the productivity growth rate presents a strong correlation with the technological progress rate; but from the short-term perspective, the productivity change is greatly affected by other factors besides the technological progress in a particular time.