It is a logical hypothesis that the process of technological learning must expend resources and entail costs. The learning cost is an immanent fundamental factor resulting in success or failure of technological learning. There is a reciprocal relationship between firm and society learning costs. Insufficiency of social accumulation and investment directly shows the deficiency of the firm exterior surrounding and condition, which forms vast obstacles for technological learning. The technological groundwork, manifestation of technological knowledge, technological transaction cost, and potential market value of the technology, technological learning strategy, and effectiveness of organazational learning process manegement and so on are the major factors imposing on the cost of technological learning. The research on the influencing factors and its functions from the perspective of learning cost will help people to understand the causes of success or failure, and grasp the general rule of technological learning.