Base on the theory of ecological niche, the logistics market was subdivided into three parts. The optimal position of three typical third party logistics (TPL) enterprises was analyzed in the ecological niche of logistics market environment. The relationship between competition and cooperation of TPL was probed in the article, and the conclusion was drawn that the TPL alliance is the optimal interorgnization form in the course of "co-oporation". The ecological niche structure model of TPL alliance was set up from three layers: living force, coordinated developing force and competition force. A new view was presented for the study of TPL.