Based on the cointegration theory ,this paper tests the Granger causality relationship between the adjustment of industry structure and FDI for China over the period 1982-2003. The result shows :there is a long run bidirectional Granger causality relationship in the presence of cointegrarion among the variables, and short run unidirectional Granger causality running from the adjustment of industry structure to the change of FDI . The adjustment of Chinese industry structure has a positive impact on the increase rate of FDI,but the change of FDI is not the main reason that promotes the adjustment of Chinese industry structure in the short run.