低碳试点是实现中国低碳经济发展的一项重要政策,客观评价其实施效果,不仅有利于低碳试点地区更好地推进低碳工作,而且对于低碳试点政策的进一步推广具有重要意义,但低碳试点政策能否实现碳排放绩效的提升尚未得出一致的结论。本文以第二批低碳试点政策为例,基于2012—2016年的地级市面板数据,采用倾向得分匹配—双重差分（PSM-DID）方法研究低碳试点政策对降低城市碳排放强度的影响,以有效降低样本自选择及政策内生性等问题导致的处理效应偏差。研究发现：低碳试点政策对城市的碳排放强度下降具有显著且持续的推动作用;进一步的机制识别结果显示,低碳试点城市主要是通过能源效率的提高以及产业结构升级等方式实现碳强度的下降,且产业升级的效果有逐年增强的趋势,但通过城市绿地碳汇水平的提高而降低碳排放的目标尚未实现。基于此结论,本文认为中国应进一步推广低碳试点政策,积极探索低碳城市的发展模式,特别是提升宜居绿色的城市环境。

Low-carbon pilot project is an important policy to realize the development of low-carbon economy in China. Objectively evaluating its implementation effect is not only conducive to better promoting low-carbon work in low-carbon pilot project areas, but also of great significance for the further promotion of low-carbon pilot policy. However, there is no consistent conclusion on whether the low-carbon pilot policy can enhance the performance of carbon emissions. Taking the second batch of low-carbon pilot projects as an example and using city panel data from 2012 to 2016, this study examined the impact of low-carbon pilot policy on the reduction of local carbon emission intensity by using the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Difference (PSM-DID) method in order to effectively reduce the processing effect bias caused by the problem of sample selection and policy endogeneity. It was found that the low-carbon pilot policy had a significant and sustained effect on local carbon intensity reduction. Further mechanism identification results show that low-carbon pilot areas mainly achieve a decline in carbon intensity through the improvement of energy efficiency and upgrading of industrial structure, and the upgrading of industrial structure shows a trend of increase year by year. However, the goal of reducing carbon emissions by raising the level of carbon sink in urban green spaces has not yet been achieved. Based on this conclusion, we believe that China should further promote the low-carbon pilot policy and actively explore the development model of low-carbon cities, in particular by further establishing a livable and green urban environment.

国家创新型城市试点政策逐渐向全国推广，然而在中国独特的治理结构下这种实验主义治理能否转化为治理效能，其空间溢出效果如何，鲜有从实证的角度进行研究。本研究基于270个地级及以上城市的面板数据，将国家创新型城市试点设立作为自然实验，运用双重差分法考察其政策效果，研究结果表明：（1）国家创新型城市试点政策对城市创新力的提升作用显著，但动态效应显示，这种政策效应有逐年减弱趋势。（2）异质性检验结果表明，创新型城市试点政策效果在东、中、西三个地区呈现差序格局。（3）进一步的空间杜宾效应研究表明，创新型城市试点政策具有空间溢出效应，不仅促进了试点地区的城市创新力的提升，而且对相邻城市创新力提升影响显著。金融发展水平、产业结构都可以有效地促进本地创新水平，且对邻近地区具有溢出效应，而人力资本则对邻近地区创新力提升具有挤出效应。稳健性检验支持上述的结论。基于实证结果，提出推动创新型城市有序扩散，强化政策的空间辐射效应；设计创新型城市政策的梯度发展战略，促进地区间的协同发展等政策建议。

The pilot policy of national innovative cities has been gradually extended to the whole country. However, under the unique governance structure of China, whether this kind of experimental principal governance can be transformed into governance efficiency and its spatial spillover effect are rarely studied from an empirical point of view. Using the panel data of 270 cities at or above prefectural level, this study takes the pilot establishment of national innovative cities as a natural experiment, and uses the double difference method to investigate the policy effect. The main results are as follows: (1) the national innovative city pilot policy has a significant effect on the promotion of urban innovation, but the dynamic effect shows that it has a weakening trend year by year.(2) the results of heterogeneity test show that the effect of innovative urban pilot policy shows a differential order pattern in the eastern, central and western regions. (3) further research on spatial Dubin effect shows that the pilot policy of innovative cities has spatial spillover effect, which not only promotes the improvement of urban innovation in pilot areas, but also has a significant impact on the innovation of neighboring cities. The level of financial development and industrial structure can effectively promote the level of local innovation, and have spillover effects on neighboring areas, while human capital has crowding out effect on the promotion of innovation in neighboring areas. The robustness test supports the above conclusions. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as promoting the orderly diffusion of innovative cities, strengthening the spatial radiation effect of policies, designing the gradient development strategy of innovative urban policies, and promoting the coordinated development of regions.

Considering the impact of science and technology resource allocation on regional innovation output, based on the inter-provincial panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017, this paper establishes a regional innovation output growth model, including science and technology resource input and science and technology resource allocation, and investigates the spatial relationship between regional innovation output and the allocation of science and technology resources, the effect of the inter-subjective configuration structure and inter-regional space re-allocation on regional innovation output. The research results show that there are obvious spatial autocorrelation agglomeration characteristics of China’s regional innovation output and science and technology resource input. The efficiency of the allocation of science and technology resources in the region is relatively low. The application-oriented research subjects with enterprise-oriented research are more efficient in investing in science and technology resources, and the promotion of regional innovation output is more significant. The investment in science and technology resources in neighboring provinces will have a significant inhibitory effect on the province’s innovation output. The regional mobility of science and technology resources has a significant role in promoting regional innovation output growth. The effect of science and technology personnel mobility on regional innovation output is better than that of technology capital flows.

以绿色专利申请量为评价指标对长江经济带环境创新的时空特征进行了多维度挖掘，并揭示了其影响因素，研究发现：① 时序发展上，长江经济带环境创新空间集聚特征显著，绿色建筑技术始终主导长江经济带环境创新演化发展；② 空间演化上，长江经济带环境创新格局整体表现为由东部地区主导，并呈现出由东向西的阶梯推进的发展特征，且呈现出显著的空间关联性；③ 长江经济带环境创新具有显著的空间溢出效应，环境规制强度、技术创新水平、城市规模、第三产业比重和环境质量皆对长江经济带城市环境创新能力有着显著的正向促进作用，但环境规制强度不具有明显的空间溢出效应，且技术创新水平具有显著的负向溢出效应。