Driven by the mission to address national strategic needs, establishing a mission-oriented ecosystem holds significant importance in addressing China's key core technology breakthrough challenges with strategic and social contextual characteristics. Based on the theory of ecosystem orchestration, an exploratory single case study method was adopted to select the Yangtze Laboratory, which has been deeply involved in the integrated circuit industry, as the research object. The study found that:(1) In the context of key core technology breakthroughs, "architects" build mission-driven ecosystems by adopting two types of orchestration strategies:strategic architecture design and action architecture design; (2) From the perspective of innovation resources, this paper summarized the multiple mechanisms of mission-driven ecosystem orchestration strategy, namely, focus mechanism, linkage mechanism and leverage mechanism; (3) The concept of mission-driven ecosystem and three types of core characteristics are summarized, namely, national mission-driven orientation, core enterprises as "architects" and independent exploratory innovation activities. The findings will not only contribute to the literature on innovation ecosystems and ecosystem orchestration, but also provide a new path for China to accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies to achieve the strategic goal of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement under the complex and severe domestic and international situations.