As a heterogeneous integration technology, the chiplet-based design technology integrates multiple heterogeneous dies of diverse functional circuit blocks into a single chip by using advanced packaging technology, which is a promising way to tackle the failure of Moore’s law and Dennard scaling. Currently, as process nodes move forward, dramatically rising cost, design cycle, and complexity are driving industry to focus on the chiplets. Chiplets allows IC designers to merge dies fabricated at different process nodes and reuse them in different projects, which helps to reduce the cost during design and improve yield. In this review, we look back at the industry’s efforts over the past decade and summary the concepts and techniques associated with chiplets. In the end, a discussion and conclusion will be given to forecast the future of chiplets.

There is no doubt that new technology has become one of the crucial parts of most people’s lives around the world. By and large, in this era, the Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT) have become the most indispensable parts of our lives. Recently, IoT technologies have been regarded as the most broadly used tools among other technologies. The tools and the facilities of IoT technologies within the marketplace are part of Industry 4.0. The marketplace is too regarded as a new area that can be used with IoT technologies. One of the main purposes of this paper is to highlight using IoT technologies in Industry 4.0, and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is another feature revised. This paper focuses on the value of the IoT in the industrial domain in general; it reviews the IoT and focuses on its benefits and drawbacks, and presents some of the IoT applications, such as in transportation and healthcare. In addition, the trends and facts that are related to the IoT technologies on the marketplace are reviewed. Finally, the role of IoT in telemedicine and healthcare and the benefits of IoT technologies for COVID-19 are presented as well.

【目的】从多尺度视角揭示长三角产学协同创新的空间格局、组织模式及其演化过程，提出新发展格局下区域产学一体化的空间优化对策及建议。【方法】基于2001—2020年长三角专利数据和多元化产学合作模式，深度挖掘产学协同关系的空间信息，通过测度强度与中心性指标，识别城市发展与区域协同模式。【结果】①长三角产学协同创新经历了从地方化向区域化发展的历程，但区内合作比例有下降趋势，同时出现再地化倾向；②长三角产学协同创新的空间均衡性不断提升，但区外合作进一步集聚，城际网络向单中心、轴辐式和多层级结构演化；③大学资源有助于城市产学协同创新的尺度扩张和内生发展，从而获得更高的网络地位，并在多尺度知识交互中发挥重要的桥接功能。【结论】长三角区内产学合作相对于本地和全国尺度而言仍有较大发展潜力，需要加强区域产学资源的有效流动，重视其在推动一体化协同中的功能定位差异。

[Objective] The objective of this study was to reveal the multi-scale spatial patterns, organization, and evolution of university-industry (U-I) collaborative innovation in the Yangtze River Delta region, and propose policy recommendations for the spatial optimization of regional U-I integration in China’s new development stage. [Methods] Based on the patent data from 2001 to 2020 and the diversified cooperation models, the spatial information of U-I linkages were explored, and the urban development and regional synergy models were identified by measuring the strength and centrality indicators. [Results] (1) As the output of U-I collaborative innovation continued to grow, intercity cooperation was becoming more frequent, and the scale and scope were gradually expanding. Although most small and medium-sized cities preferred intra-regional cooperation, its proportion showed a downward trend because the core cities preferred inter-regional cooperation. (2) With the improvement of the U-I collaborative innovation capabilities of small and medium-sized cities, regional development had changed from relying on the core cities to urban agglomerations for coordinated development, while the spatial imbalance of the internal network of the Yangtze River Delta had been declining. Under the strong influence of Beijing, cooperation outside the region became further agglomerated. In general, the U-I integration had evolved into a single-center, hub-and-spoke, and multi-level structure at the network level, strong administrative barriers existed, the connection between regional subnetworks was not close enough, and the leading function of the core cities such as Shanghai needed to be enhanced. (3) The Yangtze River Delta cities are promoting multi-scale U-I cooperation. Especially under the influence of regional integration policies, most cities tend to strengthen local and regional cooperation compared with cooperation outside the region. The evolution of the urban development models has driven the flattening of the regional hierarchical system and is also conducive to regional coordination and integrated development. To a certain extent, universities play a more critical “gatekeeping” role than enterprises in the multi-scale U-I integration. [Conclusion] Compared with the local and national scales, U-I collaborative innovation within the Yangtze River Delta has great development potential, and it is necessary to strengthen the effective flows of university and industry resources, and attach importance to their functional positioning differences in the regional integration and collaboration.

Gordon Moore famously observed that the number of transistors in state-of-the-art integrated circuits (units per chip) increases exponentially, doubling every 12–24 months. Analysts have debated whether simple exponential growth describes the dynamics of computer processor evolution. We note that the increase encompasses two related phenomena, integration of larger numbers of transistors and transistor miniaturization. Growth in the number of transistors per unit area, or chip density, allows examination of the evolution with a single measure. Density of Intel processors between 1959 and 2013 are consistent with a biphasic sigmoidal curve with characteristic times of 9.5 years. During each stage, transistor density increased at least tenfold within approximately six years, followed by at least three years with negligible growth rates. The six waves of transistor density increase account for and give insight into the underlying processes driving advances in processor manufacturing and point to future limits that might be overcome.

如何破解关键核心技术被发达国家封锁的“卡脖子”难题，是促进我国经济发展、保障我国国家安全的重要课题，揭示“卡脖子”技术形成机理，能为系统解决该类问题提供科学依据。针对我国当前30项“卡脖子”技术开展实地访谈和资料分析，运用扎根理论归纳“卡脖子”技术形成的核心范畴，根据战略管理研究框架梳理核心范畴间的内在联系，以芯片制造产业为案例揭示问题形成机理及破解路径。研究发现：围绕“卡脖子”问题可提炼5个核心范畴。其中，技术特征定位反映关键核心技术的市场属性，是识别目标技术的充分条件；技术竞争态势反映目标技术的竞争劣势；技术封锁壁垒反映“卡脖子”威胁程度，构成问题形成的内外因；安全可控程度反映内外因对产业和国防安全的影响程度，是识别“卡脖子”技术成立的必要条件；而技术破解方式选择需要综合考虑各要素之间的影响程度和路径差异，并制定针对性策略。

In this paper, the deformation of compliant microcapsules is studied in narrow constrictions using a hybrid particle-based model. The model combines the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method for modelling fluid flow and the Mass Spring Model (MSM) for simulating deformable membranes. The model is initially validated for the dynamics of microcapsules in shear flow. Then, several quantitative parameters such as the deformation index, frontal tip and rear tail curvatures and the passage time are introduced and their variations are studied with respect to capillary number and constriction size. Subsequently, a dependency analysis is performed on these quantitative parameters and some recommendations are made on fabrication of microfluidic devices and analysis of microcapsules for extracting their mechanical properties. It is revealed that the deformation index and frontal tip and rear tail curvatures are the most suitable parameters for correlating the elastic properties to the dynamics of microcapsules.