专利商业化激励:理论、模式与政策分析

科研管理 ›› 2012, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 110-116.

专利商业化激励:理论、模式与政策分析

陈朝晖^1,2

1. 华中科技大学管理学院, 湖北武汉 430074;
2. 广西工学院管理学院, 广西柳州 545006

收稿日期:2011-08-10 修回日期:2012-01-09 出版日期:2012-12-27 发布日期:2012-12-17
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目批准号:7063300)

Motivations for patent commercialization:Theories, models, and policy analysis

Chen Zhaohui^1,2

1. School of Management，Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
2. School of Management, Guangxi University of Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China

Received:2011-08-10 Revised:2012-01-09 Online:2012-12-27 Published:2012-12-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对专利商业化激励,奖励理论认为应加强对发明创造的直接激励,前景理论强调后期商业化激励的持续性,由此形成了两种不同的激励模式。本文以ODA法案及相关政策为研究对象,分析了商业化激励政策的演变,得到如下结论:注重商业化市场保护的"市场权"与注重技术创新保护的"专利权",共同构成了紧密衔接和相互支持的激励框架,较好解决了市场失灵导致的商业化激励不足。同时,要增进专利商业化的激励绩效,还应重视中小企业的作用,实现"推动"与"拉动"之间、专利生产与商业化之间的动态均衡。

关键词: 专利商业化, 商业化模式, 激励, 专利政策

Abstract: How to encourage patent commercialization？Reward theory points out that it should be directly incentive to invention, but prospect theory emphasizes on the persistence of stimulation during post-commercialization. The evolution of commercialization is analyzed based on Orphan Drug Act (ODA) policy in U.S. and EU, and following results are concluded that market exclusivity rights emphasize on market protection during commercialization and patent rights emphasize on the protection of technology innovations, theses two rights form the motivate framework, providing a solution for dealing with the insufficient incentives due to market failure. It is also necessary to pay more attention to the role of SMEs playing in the process of commercialization. A dynamic incentive equilibrium should be achieved between push-policy and pull-policy,and the same equilibrium should be made between production and commercialization of patents.

Key words: patent commercialization, commercialization pattern, motivation, patent policy

中图分类号:

G306.3

陈朝晖. 专利商业化激励:理论、模式与政策分析[J]. 科研管理, 2012, 33(12): 110-116.

Chen Zhaohui. Motivations for patent commercialization:Theories, models, and policy analysis[J]. Science Research Management, 2012, 33(12): 110-116.

参考文献

[1] Sadao Nagaoka,John P. Walsh. Commercialization and Other Uses of Patents in Japan and the US:Major findings from the RIETI-Georgia Tech inventor survey,2009.http://ideas.repec.org/p/eti/dpaper/09011.html[EB/OL],2012年1月1日最后访问. [2] Elizabeth Webster, Paul Jensen. Do Patents Matter for Commercialization? [J].Journal of Law and Economics,2011(5):431-453. [3] Edmund W. Kitch.The Nature and Function of the Patent System[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1977(2):265-290. [4] Ted Sichelman.Commercialization Patents[J].Stanford Law Review,2010(2):341-414. [5] Christopher Cotropia.The Folly of Early Filing in Patent Law[J].Hastings Law Journal,2009(1):65-129. [6] 袁红梅,金泉源,连桂玉.专利激励机制探析[J].科技管理研究,2010(1):200-201. [7] 郑友德.论专利制度对创新的激励[J].科研管理,1999(3):69-74. [8] 杨利华.专利激励论的理性思考[J].知识产权,2009(1):55-60. [9] John F. Duffy. Rethinking the Prospect Theory of Patents [J].University of Chicago Law Review,2004(2):439-510. [10] Katz L.,Shapiro C..On the Licensing of Innovation [J].The RAND Journal of Economics,1985(4):504-519. [11] Thomas W.Eagar.Bringing New Materials to Market[J]. Technology Reviews,1995(45):42-49. [12] Knut Blind, Katrin Cremers,Elisabeth Mueller.The Influence of Strategic Patenting on Companies'Patent Portfolios [J].Research Policy,2009(38):428-436. [13] Mark A.Lemley. The Economics of Improvement in Intellectual Property Law[J].Texas Law Review,1997(5):989-1084. [14] 朱雪忠,漆苏.美国专利改革法案内容及其影响评析[J].知识产权,2010(9):79-89. [15] O. Wellman-Labadie, Y. Zhou. The US Orphan Drug Act: Rare disease research stimulator or commercial opportunity? [J].Health Policy,2010(95):216-228. [16] Abbey S.Meyears.Orphan Drugs:The Current Situation in the United States ,Europe ,and Asia[J].Drug Information Journal,1997(1):101-104. [17] Haffner ME. Orphan Drug development:international program and study design issues[J].Drug Information Journal,1998(1)93-99. [18] Macdonald, S..When means become ends: considering the impact of patent strategy on innovation[J].Information Economics and Policy, 2004(16):135-158. [19] H. E. Heemstra, et al.Orphan drug development across Europe :bottlenecks and opportunities[J]. Drug Discovery Today,2008(15):670-675. [20] Paul Jensen,Elizabeth Webster.SMEs and Their Use of Intellectual Property Rights in Australia,2004.http://melbourneinstitute.com/wp/wp2004n17.pdf ,2012年1月1日最后访问[EB/OL]. [21] Aija Leiponen, Justin Byma.If you cannot block, you better run:Small firms, cooperative innovation and ppropriation strategies[J].Research Policy,2009(38):1478-1488. [22] Ove Granstrand.The Economics and Management of Intellectual Property[M].Chelteenham,UK Edward Elgar,1999. [23] 陈朝晖.创新战略绩效评价的国际比较及对中国的启示[J].中国科技论坛,2008(2):130-134.