对专利商业化激励,奖励理论认为应加强对发明创造的直接激励,前景理论强调后期商业化激励的持续性,由此形成了两种不同的激励模式。本文以ODA法案及相关政策为研究对象,分析了商业化激励政策的演变,得到如下结论:注重商业化市场保护的"市场权"与注重技术创新保护的"专利权",共同构成了紧密衔接和相互支持的激励框架,较好解决了市场失灵导致的商业化激励不足。同时,要增进专利商业化的激励绩效,还应重视中小企业的作用,实现"推动"与"拉动"之间、专利生产与商业化之间的动态均衡。
Abstract
How to encourage patent commercialization？Reward theory points out that it should be directly incentive to invention, but prospect theory emphasizes on the persistence of stimulation during post-commercialization. The evolution of commercialization is analyzed based on Orphan Drug Act (ODA) policy in U.S. and EU, and following results are concluded that market exclusivity rights emphasize on market protection during commercialization and patent rights emphasize on the protection of technology innovations, theses two rights form the motivate framework, providing a solution for dealing with the insufficient incentives due to market failure. It is also necessary to pay more attention to the role of SMEs playing in the process of commercialization. A dynamic incentive equilibrium should be achieved between push-policy and pull-policy,and the same equilibrium should be made between production and commercialization of patents.
关键词
专利商业化 /
商业化模式 /
激励 /
专利政策
Key words
patent commercialization /
commercialization pattern /
motivation /
patent policy
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目批准号:7063300)
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