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20 June 2018, Volume 39 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Innovation or imitation—Influence of production target on process innovation decision Wang Tao, Lei Zhiming 2018, 39(6): 1-8.  Abstract ( 386 )    Process innovation is the key means in market competition. The influencing factors of process innovation are somewhat dispersed in the extant literature, mainly including human resource, finance, technical strength, competition and so on. But process innovation has an important characteristic, namely production orientation, and there are few articles which have discussed the relationship between production activity and process innovation decision. From the perspective of attention-based view, this paper uses multinomial logistic regression and the enterprise survey data which were published by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to analyze the impact of production target on managers’ choice of process development method - independent innovation, cooperative innovation or imitation. The results show that the more difficult it is to achieve production target, the more prone it is to choose cooperative innovation and imitation, and potentially financial dilemma has a moderating effect. In addition, when there are many driving factors for implementing process innovation, the more difficult it is to achieve production target, the more inclined it is to choose innovation rather than imitation method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Top management team overseas experiences, R&D investment intensity and enterprise innovation performance Yang Lin, Duan Muyu, Liu Juan, Xu Chenwu 2018, 39(6): 9-21.  Abstract ( 750 )   Overseas experiences of top management team (TMT), as one type of unique resource, constitute the values and cognitive basis of team members and will influence R&D investment intensity of enterprises and their performance outcomes. However, how this kind of unique experience impacts R&D investment intensity of enterprises and their innovation performance, and also how to deal with it still remains a subject that has not been duly studied. This article integrates TMT’s overseas experiences, R&D investment intensity and innovation performance into a unified research framework, and theoretically analyzes the direct effect of TMT’s overseas experiences on R&D investment intensity and innovation performance as well as the mediating mechanisms of R&D investment intensity. Furthermore, empirical results from the data of 275 companies of the Growth Enterprises Market Board (GEMB) in China indicate that TMT’s overseas functional experience and industrial experience have both the direct effect on innovation performance of enterprises and the indirect effect that the experiences drive innovation performance through the mediating mechanism of R&D investment activities, which shows the coupling effect of R&D investment intensity in the relationship between TMT overseas functional experience and industrial experience and innovation performance. The findings of our study have some positive implications for TMT’s structures optimization, R&D resources allocation and innovation performance improvement of enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee’s innovative behavior Zhou Fei, Chen Qinlan, He Meixian 2018, 39(6): 22-29.  Abstract ( 607 )    Base on the optimal differentiation theory, this study was designed to investigate the role of employee’s emotional labor between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior and the moderation effect of employee’s proactive personality. Through the empirical research, we found that: (1) inclusive leadership affects on employee innovation behavior significantly; (2) The effect of employee’s emotional labor’s deep acting and expressing genuine motions between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior is different. Specifically, deep acting has a full mediation between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior, but the direct impact of inclusive leadership on express genuine emotions is not significant; (3) proactive personality moderates the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior. Related Articles | Metrics

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Local governments’ countermeasures for breaking through bottlenecks of the enterprises founded by high-level overseas returnees in the start-up phase by taking Ningbo as an example He Xiang 2018, 39(6): 30-36.  Abstract ( 328 )   The enterprises founded by high-level overseas returnees can effectively promote transformation and upgrading of local industry as well as regional economic development. However, some of these enterprises fail because of being unable to break through the bottleneck in the startup phase. In Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, for example, through an investigation of 120 enterprises founded by high-level overseas returnees by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze the survey data, we made a research which finds that obstacles in "lack of direct financing channels", "difficulties in obtaining relevant talents " and "indirect financing difficulties" account for 76.2% collectively in weight, and these obstacles can be regarded as the bottlenecks of such enterprises. In order to help them break through bottlenecks in the start-up phase, Ningbo needs to develop Angel Investment to expand direct financing channels, strive to better the public service level to improve the ability of acquiring talents, and actively promote financial lease to relieve the difficulties in indirect financing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Firm heterogeneity, government subsidy and R&D investment Ren Haiyun, Nie Jingchun 2018, 39(6): 37-47.  Abstract ( 347 )   By using a sample of Chinese A-share manufacturing listed companies and considering firm heterogeneity, this paper applies generalized propensity score methods to explore whether government subsidy can stimulate firm R&D investment and quantifies the dynamic effect range. We find that the subsidy effect presents interval features when subsidy intensity is beyond a certain range, the substitution effect will beyond the incentive effect. At present, the direct subsidies have stimulated effect on manufacturing listed companies in China and the average subsidy intensity is far below the threshold. We also find that the subsidy effect and the optimal subsidy range present heterogeneity of ownership, firm size and industries. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study of information security protection behavior: Mediating effect of emotion Chen Hao, Li Wenli 2018, 39(6): 48-56.  Abstract ( 316 )    Individual users immerse themselves in experiencing mobile device and services but neglect the protection of personal information, which lead to information security issues such as privacy leakage. This paper integrates protection motivation theory and anticipated regret theory as the theory lenses to develop a research model to explore cognitive- and emotional-focused elements of driving personal information security protection motivation. 240 valid survey samples were collected and PLS-based structural equation modeling was adopted to test the research model and hypotheses. The findings indicate that privacy concern predicts positively protection motivation, and fear partial mediates the relationship between privacy concern and protection motivation while the significant path between perceived avoidability and protection motivation is completely mediated by anticipated regret. Related Articles | Metrics

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International diversification and enterprise performance: A four-stage inverted-M model Li Weiyao, Zhang Lijun, Wu Bing 2018, 39(6): 57-66.  Abstract ( 422 )   With the development of international diversification, China’s firms encounter severe challenges abroad. However, the research on the relationship between international diversification and performance of China’s firms has been underexplored. Using the 2002-2014 panel data of China’s listed manufacturing firms, we explore the effects of international diversification on performance of China’s firms, and examine the role of firm’s ownership. The results show that there is an inverted-M relationship between international diversification and performance; the performance of state-owned enterprises is significantly better than that of private firms during the process of international diversification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of competitive ties and cooperative ties on knowledge transfer efficiency Gao Shanxing, Xiao Zhenxin, Gao Yu 2018, 39(6): 67-74.  Abstract ( 393 )   This paper theoretically discusses and empirically examines the functional mechanisms of competitive ties and cooperative ties on knowledge transfer efficiency, their heterogeneities, and their contingencies upon institutional support as well. The hierarchical regression analysis, based on survey data from 404 Chinese firms, indicates that: both competitive ties and cooperative ties have positive effects on knowledge transfer efficiency, with no significant differences. Besides, legal support strengthens the positive relationship between competitive ties and knowledge transfer efficiency, but weakens the positive relationship between cooperative ties and knowledge transfer efficiency; and political ties positively moderate the positive relationship between cooperative ties and knowledge transfer efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Core technology deconstruction and breakthrough: A longitudinal case study on “Tsinghua-Lvkon” AMT technology from 2000 to 2016 Meng Donghui, Li Xianjun , Mei Liang, Qi Xingda 2018, 39(6): 75-84.  Abstract ( 478 )   “Hollowing out” of core technologies has long been the weakness and bottleneck restricting the upgrade and independent innovation of Chinese manufacture sector. Breaking this dilemma requires theoretical answers to inner structure (What) and breakthrough pattern of core technology. Based on the indepth longidtudinal analysis of Tsinghua-Lvkon’s AMT technology breakthrough from 2000 to 2016, this study finds core technologies’ evolution path as Function Core Technology – Performance Core Technology – Reliability Core Technology; and that the corresponding organization learning sequences evolve from Seeding to Seeding to Consulting and to Soloing. These findings deconstruct the inner structure of core technology “Black Box”, sheds light upon core technology breakthrough pattern based on leaning sequence perspective, brings catching-up research from macro motivation analysis to micro interaction mechanisms between technology structure and leanring sequences, and provides enlightment on upgrade of Chinese manufacture sector. Related Articles | Metrics

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Threshold effect of R&D investment in high-tech enterprises Yang Jijun， Ao Xiang ， Wu Min 2018, 39(6): 85-95.  Abstract ( 409 )   Taking the data of R&D of listed Chinese high-tech enterprises, this paper finds out for the first time a threshold effect, based on the Static Threshold Estimation Model and the Revised Dynamic Adjustment Model, that the R&D intensity gets together and takes around dynamically with 3% of most Chinese high-tech enterprises. It can be seen from this paper that the R&D intensity of most Chinese high-tech enterprises were set to meet the basic requirement of the policy of qualification recognition for Chinese high-tech enterprises. Those companies set their R&D intensity to only get qualified, and then gain a variety of policy benefits, thus lacking of initiative to carry out a large number of R&D in innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the effect of internationalization drain of intellectual capital on technological innovation Zhan Guohui, Li Zekai 2018, 39(6): 96-102.  Abstract ( 418 )   Intellectual capital has become the core carrier of technological innovation competitiveness. The Paper is based on basic model of technological innovation inputs and outputs, to clarify the drain of international intellectual resources of the impact mechanism on technological innovation. It tests showed that the drain of international intellectual resources will take a significant positive effect on the technological innovation of "bulk power", compared to remittances effects (RE), education incentive effects (EIE) and network effects (NE) to technological innovation is more significant. Further, the "threshold characteristics" inspection, it shows that the level of economic development and the level of R & D investment have a U-shaped relationship with technological innovation, human capital and technology gap take inverted U-shaped relationship. To this end, constructing the appropriate path and arrangements to promote the effectiveness of the intellectual resources drain , in order to achieve technological innovation and progress of the developing countries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship status, trust, innovation mode and cooperative innovation performance Li Dan, Yang Jianjun 2018, 39(6): 103-111.  Abstract ( 479 )   Based on the bilateral level, builds model among relationship status, interfirm trust, technology innovation mode and cooperative innovation performance. Collect a random sample of 327 manufacturing and high technology enterprises located in China, use multiple linear regressions method to test the hypotheses. Results indicate relationship fairness and relationship persistence produce more economic based trust and influence cooperative innovation performance through it; Relationship intensity generates more emotion based trust and influence cooperative innovation performance through it. Interaction of economic based trust and radical innovation has positive effect on cooperative innovation performance; Interaction of emotion based trust and incremental innovation benefits to cooperative innovation performance. This study clarify the relationship between state and content dimension of bilateral relationship quality, reveal match mode between bilateral relationship quality and technology innovation, provide theoretical support to follow research on the relationship between multidimensional cooperation relationship and cooperative innovation performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the impact of firm size quality on industrial innovative upgrading: A view based on breaking through firm size Li Yu, Wei Ruohan 2018, 39(6): 112-121.  Abstract ( 359 )   The firm size of big enterprise is not a necessary condition to realize the continuous innovation of the industry which they belong to. In this paper, we introduce the conception of firm size quality in the issue that big enterprise act as the innovation source, we abstract the problems of China’s industrial upgrading, including the issues of low industrialization, weak big enterprises and traditional industry’s upgrading, as firm size thresholds, and the breaking through these three size thresholds constitutes the connotation of firm size quality. On this basis, we establish multiple  assumption on big firm’s leading effect on industrial innovative upgrading, with 201 samples from national and provincial innovative enterprises, and verify the direct effect that firm size quality has on industrial innovative upgrading, incomplete mediating role of collaborative innovation and adjustment role the entrepreneurship acts in big enterprise. At last, we conduct an extended discussion on phase characteristics of industrial upgrading by breaking through firm size thresholds and the duality of characteristics of big enterprise in the process of leading the industrial innovative upgrading. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expected performance feedback, development mode and technology innovation of enterprises Li Jian, Pan Zhen, Chen Jingren 2018, 39(6): 122-130.  Abstract ( 371 )   Under the historical background of innovation driven by manufacturing enterprises, and based on the theory of organizational behavior, this paper explores the impacts of the expected performance feedback effect of manufacturing enterprises on their technological innovation effect, and based on this and in combination with the company development theory and product market theory, it also discusses the situational effects and the joint situational effects between the company development mode and the product market competition. We made an empirical test of the theoretical hypothesis based on the panel data of Chinese listed company from 2001 to 2014, and the results indicate that expected performance feedback effect in manufacturing industry has a positive impact on its technology innovation; and compared to extensive development, the intensive development has more advantages in promoting technology innovation; and product market competition can also strengthen the positive relationship; and finally, the joint situational effect of the intensive development mode and product market competition have a positive moderation effect on enterprise technology innovation as well. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of environmental regulation on innovation of foreign-funded enterprises:An analysis based on PSM method Zhou Jingjing, Zhao Zengyao, Jiang Weiwei 2018, 39(6): 131-140.  Abstract ( 359 )   In the process of China's industrial structure optimization and upgrading, the importance of foreign direct investment to industrial innovation has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, whether the environmental protection policies formulated to deal with the increasingly serious environmental pollution will affect the innovation of foreign-funded enterprises. This paper tries to answer the question through using the micro enterprise data from 2004 to 2007 and using propensity score matching method. The results indicate that: environmental regulation has a significant correlation with innovation of foreign-funded enterprises, and the promotion effect on innovation of foreign-funded enterprises is not only real-time, but also persistent. In addition, the study also find that the effects of environment regulation on different industries are differently. Related Articles | Metrics

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Markup power, market structure and firm’s R&D investment: A reexamination of the relationship between market power and technological innovation Wang Yun， Sun Xiaohua 2018, 39(6): 140-149.  Abstract ( 460 )   Market power is an important factor influencing firms’ technological innovation. The samples of different countries have provided rich and diverse empirical evidence. However, one important point has been neglected that market power has different implications in firm and industry level. And market power from both the firm and industry level will influence firms’ R&D innovation behavior. In this paper, market power is firstly separated into the markup power of each firm and market structure representing market competition. Then, the mechanism of markup power and market structure influencing firms’ R&D investment is explained. Based on hierarchical linear model and data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the empirical tests show that lerner index has a significant and negative effect on firms’ R&D investment, indicating that R&D investment will decrease with the increase of markup power. There is no Schumpeterian effect in Chinese manufacturing firms. As to the firms undertaking R&D activities, market structure has an indirect effect on firms’ R&D through lerner index. The reduce of market concentration will weaken the negative effects of lerner index on firms’ R&D and generate an escape-competition effect, which is more apparent in large and middle size firms. The market competition has no effect to stimulate R&D investment in small firms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Market-oriented transition and technology spillover effect of outward direct investment (ODI) Gu Xuesong, Han Liyan 2018, 39(6): 150-158.  Abstract ( 404 )   By expanding New Growth Theory, this paper establishes the theoretical model which makes TFP endogenously determined by ODI and marketization. Using China’s province-level panel data during 2003-2012, we empirically analyze the spillover effect of ODI on TFP under the process of China’s market-oriented transformation. In order to investigate the channels through which ODI influences TFP, we use DEA-Malmquist index to decompose TFP into three elements: technology level change (TC), pure technology efficiency change (PE) and scale efficiency change (SE); and further calculate the marginal effect of ODI on TFP and its elements. The empirical results reveal that: first, ODI and marketization significantly and positively impact TFP; second, ODI promotes TC, reduces SE, and has no significant effect on PE; third, as for the impact on TFP, the relationship between ODI and marketization is complementary. That is, with the deepening of marketization, the promoting effect of ODI on TC and PE exceeds the decreasing effect of ODI on SE, and further contributes the improvement of TFP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and evaluation of current state of China’s scientific research teams Liu Yun， Wang Gangbo， Bai Xu 2018, 39(6): 159-168.  Abstract ( 423 )   This paper employed evidence-based evaluation methods and selected 1352 innovative research teams as the research sample to investigate and capture the current state of China’s scientific research teams. Its questionnaire was designed for academic leaders and key members from such aspects as basic situation, team composition, operation mechanism, output performance and policy support role. Combined with depth interviews of 143 teams, four important prerequisites for shaping an excellent team are illustrated as follows: formation on the basis of long-term cooperation, rational structure of academic echelon with an outstanding academic leader, strong research ability and infrastructure, excellent culture of scientific research and effective operating mechanism. The policy recommendation to further improve and perfect China’s scientific research innovation team is proposed based on the findings, including speeding up implementation of central government’s science and technology plan, guiding team formation and operation, strengthening team support fund management, improving rules and regulations and operation mechanism, and the research provides an important reference for China to improve its support policies and plans for research and innovation teams. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-dimension trust, knowledge transfer and software outsourcing performance Zhang Pei , Xia Lizhen, Ma Jianlong, Kong Haidong 2018, 39(6): 169-176.  Abstract ( 427 )   This paper constructs the relationship theory model of multi-dimension trust, knowledge transfer and software outsourcing performance. Based on a theoretical analysis and an investigation into 97 software outsourcing enterprises in Jingjinji Region via a questionnaire and an empirical study, it is found that: firstly, multi-dimensional trust has different impact on the knowledge transfer and outsourcing performance. Secondly, explicit knowledge transfer has more significant influence on software outsourcing performance compared with tacit knowledge transfer. Thirdly, knowledge transfer has different mediating effects on various dimensional trust and outsourcing performance, in which knowledge transfer has completely mediating effect between ability-based trust and outsourcing performance and has partial mediating effect between calculus-based trust and outsourcing performance as well as kindness-based trust and outsourcing performance. Related Articles | Metrics