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20 November 2016, Volume 37 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Business model innovation, employee absorptive capacity and innovation legitimacy: A cross-level empirical analysis Wang Bingcheng, Zhang Shiqiang 2016, 37(11): 1-10.  Abstract ( 920 )   This paper investigates the relationships among business model innovation, employee absorptive capacity and innovation legitimacy with the method of hierarchical linear model(HLM) in cross-hierarchy analysis, based on the date of 402 valid samples from 48 manufacturing enterprises. The result shows: (1) The identification and sharing dimension, personal investment dimension of employee absorptive capacity have significant positive effects on business model creativity and application. Understanding and integration dimension has significant positive effect on business model application. (2) Practical legitimacy has significant negative effect on business model creativity, while cognitive legitimacy has significant positive effect on the business model application. (3) Practical legitimacy, cognitive legitimacy respectively plays the role of moderator between the personal investment and business model creativity significantly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synergizing independent and cooperative R&D activities: The effect of absorptive capacity 2016, 37(11): 11-17.  Abstract ( 1184 )   Firms often take independent and collaborative R&D activities simultaneously. Yet, they fail to synergize these R&D activities to enhance firm performance. This study investigates the joint impact of independent and collaborative R&D activities on firm performance as well as the moderating role played by absorptive capacity in the joint effect. Drawing on the data of 286 firms, this study finds that there is a negative relationship between the interaction of independent and collaborative R&D activities and firm performance, and the moderating effect of absorptive capacity on this relationship is also negative. The findings not only enrich the discipline’s knowledge on the performance implications of independent and collaborative R&D activities, but also provide some guidance for firms to synergize independent and collaborative R&D activities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Technological innovation efficiency of high-tech industries considering environmental factor in China—Comparison of two periods from 2000-2007 and from 2008-2014 2016, 37(11): 18-25.  Abstract ( 1155 )   Technological innovation efficiency is measured considering the environmental factors based on three-stage DEA model using Chinese high-tech industries panel data during 2000-2007 and 2008-2014. Our findings are that technological innovation efficiency during 2008-2014 increase significantly compared with 2000-2007. However, technological innovation efficiency is still at a very low level because scale efficiency is too low which is lower than pure technical efficiency. The trend of efficiency change in two periods is consistent after adjusting innovation inputs considering the environmental factors. Technical efficiency and scale efficiency decline, but pure technical efficiency improves significantly. Technological innovation efficiency is quite difference in five first-class industries, the direction of which is inconsistency after innovation inputs are adjusted. Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation pattern and the innovation performance of low- and medium- technology firms— An empirical analysis based on Chinese manufacturing innovation survey 2016, 37(11): 26-34.  Abstract ( 860 )   This paper defines the low- and medium- technology (LMT) firms considering the firm level’s R&D intensity and then analyses the innovation pattern and innovation performance of LMT firms in comparison to mid-high and high technology firms based on the data of 2009 Chinese manufacturing innovation survey. The results find that: firstly, there is a high heterogeneity of R&D intensity in each sector. A considerable proportion of high R&D intensity firms exist in LMT sectors, and there are a considerable proportion of low R&D intensity firms in mid-high and high technology sectors. Thus, the innovation patterns differ according to the firm level’s R&D intensity besides the difference of sector. Secondly, the product innovation performance of LMT manufacturing firms is poorer than that of mid-high and high technology firms. There is no significant difference between LMT manufacturing firms and mid-high and high technology firms at service innovation performance. However, it seems that LMT firms perform equally well and in some respects even better at process innovation comparing with the mid-high and high firms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Open Innovation Model Selection from the Perspective of Organization Capability Sun Hua, Wang Nannan, Ding Ronggui, Wei Kangning 2016, 37(11): 35-42.  Abstract ( 938 )   From the long-term core competence perspective of organizations, this paper studies the impact factors and mechanism for organizational innovation model selection. Through two case studies of Dong-E E-Jiao Company in China and SANKYU in Japan, two-level core competences are identified which are Capability Pivot (CPT) and Capability Perimeter (CPR). As multiple innovation models commonly exist within single organization, the selection of innovation model shows the transformation of core competences. Close innovation and open innovation associate with CPT and CPR respectively. Innovation depth and innovation breadth are suitable to high-threshold exclusive competence periphery and low-threshold cluster competence periphery respectively. In comparison to currently innovation theory focusing on organizational strategy and decision making analysis, this core competence level of analysis framework opens the black box for innovation model selection in a micro level, therefore it gives underline explanation of organizational innovation behaviors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Layout Method of Chinese High-Tech Forms’ Patents -- ZTE Corporation as an Example Qiu Jiangnan, Zhang Ye 2016, 37(11): 43-51.  Abstract ( 890 )   High-tech firms are the most important new economic growth points in our country, but they have frequently encountered patent litigation in international development. Aiming at this phenomenon, we conducted explorative case study on the typical patent litigation cases of ZTE company. According to the development stages of ZTE company and the development of mobile communications technology, we deeply excavated the patent applications and distribution patterns of the litigant parties. Then, on the basis of firm patent layout visualization, we researched on competition situation of telecommunication forms in 2G, 3G, 4G era, and ZTE’ patent layout strategy in current situation. Finally, based on the summarized four patent layout strategies (e.g. containment layout and blanket layout) and corresponding applicability, we gave proposals regarding patent layouts to Chinese high-tech companies at different development stages such as start-up, development and maturation period to help them optimize technology resource allocation and achieve innovation-driven development. Related Articles | Metrics

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What caused innovation failure?—An empirical test based on innovation value chain barriers Liu Jianguo 2016, 37(11): 52-60.  Abstract ( 809 )   Innovation value chain is divided into three stages from R&D to the market process. Based on the design innovation barriers, process innovation barriers and market innovation barriers, this paper analyzed the effect of value innovation factors on innovation failure. The research shows that the innovation failure of our country’s enterprises shows a strong effect on both ends. Pre-post term failure of the IVC is greater than the medium term failure. The innovation barriers show critical path in function design, engineering capabilities and the business model. Market failure and technology failure are the main innovation failure mode in our country. Design innovation barriers mainly affect the technical failure and market failure. Market innovation barriers mainly affect the market failure and financial failure. The process innovation barriers have strong influence on the three kinds of failure patterns. Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation Incentives or Tax Shield?——a Study of The Tax Preferences of High Tech Enterprises 2016, 37(11): 61-70.  Abstract ( 1319 )   The effectiveness of the innovation incentive policies has been widely concerned. From the New Institutional Perspective，we discuss the influence of the external environment characteristics of the enterprises on the effectiveness of tax incentives, and point out that the enterprises in the strong institutional environment may be rewarded by the initiative to meet external requirements rather than to improve internal efficiency. Using the panel data of 2009-2013, through empirical research, we find that tax incentives, to some extent, improve the enterprise's innovation performance, in which innovation investment played a complete intermediary role. However, there are differences between different enterprises. Politically connected enterprises did not put the savings into innovative activities effectively. However, they also have received a considerable amount of tax discount. As a result, high tech enterprise income tax preferential policies are more likely to be the “tax shield” for these enterprises. The research results of this paper have a certain reference value to the improvement of the tax incentives policies of high tech enterprises in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on P2P Investment Behaviors Based on Experimental Methodology 2016, 37(11): 71-79.  Abstract ( 826 )   This paper aims at the research on investor decision-making behaviors in P2P lending with Probit and Tobit models of panel data collected in experiments from the perspective of rationality and sensibility. The results show that investors are rational enough to invest in the loans of large amount, short duration and high interest rate and even with more funds, that borrowers are easier to get funded and larger amount when they are similar to investors in birthplace, residence etc., but the bidding amount would be less and less with more and more similarities, and that the degree of similarities between investors and borrowers decide whether rationality or sensibility dominates in P2P lending. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Meta-analysis on the Relationship between Network Embeddedness and Innovation Performance 2016, 37(11): 80-88.  Abstract ( 919 )   Abstract: The studies about network embeddedness are compelling in academic circles. Although empirical and theoretical articles are voluminous, there is still a dispute on the study of the relationship between enterprise network embeddedness and innovation performance. This study used Meta-analysis to integrate results from 68 independent studies. The results show that the four variables on network relationship embeddedness (network strength、relationship stability、network quality and reciprocity) and the four variables on network structure embeddedness (network size, network density, network heterogeneity and network centrality) have significant and positive influences on innovation performance. In addition, the results of moderating analysis indicate that for Hi-tech enterprises, the network relationship and structure embeddedness have stronger positive effects on innovation performance, whereas industry distribution has different moderate effects on the relationships between network embeddedness variables and innovation performance. The characteristics of measurement is also attribute to the differences between studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Top Management Team Human Capital Characteristics on Venture Capital Strategy Dong Jing, Meng Demin 2016, 37(11): 89-97.  Abstract ( 1000 )   As the designer and the executor of strategies, the characteristics of top management team (TMT) will certainly have great influence on firm’s decision on introducing venture capital. This article takes firms with venture capital involvement and listed on the SME Board as samples to develop an empirical study. We find that, the higher the average education of TMT, the more likely they will cooperate with venture capitals at an earlier stage and prefer venture capitals with mix background; the higher the average age of TMT, the more likely they will reject round financing; firms with a higher percentage of government background top managers in TMT, will more likely to cooperate with venture capitals with government background, and prefer to employ round financing; the higher the shares hold by TMT, the less the firm cooperates with venture capitals at an earlier stage and the less the firm employs round financing. This paper has great contribution to studies on TMT and venture capital. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of the relationship between strategic human resource management and product innovation performance 2016, 37(11): 98-106.  Abstract ( 949 )   Abstract：There exists much research that suggested that strategic human resource management (SHRM) can improve firm performance and build competitive advantage. Nonetheless, it is not yet known whether and how SHRM influences product innovation performance. This study was conducted among 151 chief executive officers and human resource managers from Chinese manufacturing firms to test the impact of SHRM on product innovation performance. The results show that SHRM has positive influence on product innovation performance. Corporate entrepreneurship mediates the relationship above. Moreover, entrepreneurial orientation moderates the relationship between SHRM and corporate entrepreneurship, and corporate entrepreneurship also mediates the moderated relationship among SHRM, entrepreneurial orientation, and product innovation performance. This paper enriches the studies that focus on the SHRM-product innovation performance linkage. The findings of this paper also have implications for the improvement of product innovation performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of the spatial spillover effect and regional innovation performance under e-commerce modes Xu Deying, Han Botang 2016, 37(11): 107-118.  Abstract ( 856 )   The perfect combination of information and convenient transportation reveals an essential feature of the e-commerce operation modes, that is the combination of virtual and reality. Based on this situation, the paper synthetically uses the research methods of mechanism analysis, BP neural network and spatial panel econometric to explore the effect on regional innovation performance and spatial spillover under e-commerce operation modes. The empirical results indicate that positive spatial autocorrelation was significantly and strengthened in regional innovation of high-tech industry. Second, both informational and convenient transportation showed an exponent function relationship with regional innovation. And the perfect combination of information and convenient transportation improved spatial spillover effect on regional innovation significantly. Third, the higher informational development level improved regional innovation development more significantly and strengthened, the effect is steady and increasing the spatial spillover on regional innovation greatly. Fourth, convenient transportation degree improved regional innovation development significantly and decreased, the effect is unstable and can’t improve the spatial spillover significantly. At the end, some suggestions were given to improve regional innovation development level from the angle of conceptual design, such as strengthen the intensity of supervision and construction in the regional integration process, emphasize the training and using of talents like technology broker and expert in database. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transformation and upgrading of manufacturing servitization strategy:  The theoretical model of the evolution path based on a case study of three local manufacturing enterprises 2016, 37(11): 119-126.  Abstract ( 1300 )   How do the manufacturing companies with a successful transformation of service strategy manage to finish such up-gradation with adaption? And what’s the basic evolutionary path like? Previous studies did not make a full explanation and answer. In this study, three local service-oriented manufacturing enterprises which have upgraded their strategies will be studied with their evolutionary process, then a theoretical model of the up-gradation path of manufacturing enterprise service strategy will be summed up. The theoretical model shows that: the upgrading process of manufacturing enterprise service strategy is an increasingly upgrading one that is based on a couple of problems existed in the course of manufacturing enterprises’ exerting their “core competencies ” into the market competition. Compared with previous studies, this theoretical model highlights the evolution of core competence in strategic upgrade phase, and how the problems existed in each evolutionary process promote manufacturing enterprises to sum up their service strategy up-gradation from the perspective of customers, which in turn provides a theoretical basis for the transformation and up-gradation of service strategy of traditional manufacturing enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics

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Auditor Quality and Capital Structure: A Simultaneous Equation Approach 2016, 37(11): 127-134.  Abstract ( 726 )   There are different theories about the relationship between auditor quality and capital structure, and relevant empirical researches are very limited. Using the data of A share listed companies and their auditors from 2008 to 2011, this paper investigates the effect of auditor quality (proxied by industry expertise and scale of audit firm) on capital structure. The results show that there’s no significant association between auditor quality and leverage when single equation is used. The single equation method is inappropriate, however, auditor quality and leverage may interact with each other in theory and the result of Hausman test confirms the simultaneity between the equation of auditor choice and that of the determinants of leverage. Then, simultaneous equation approach is used to deal with the problem of endogeneity. The results under simultaneous equation approach demonstrate significant negative effect of auditor quality on leverage. Further tests show that such negative effect is more profound in state-owned companies or companies located in the districts where the legal institution environments or credit environments are good. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of inclusive leadership on employees’ psychological capital Fang Yangchun, Wang Meijie 2016, 37(11): 135-141.  Abstract ( 1109 )   Based on the concept and characteristics of inclusive leadership, this paper discusses the influence of inclusive leadership on psychological capital. By means of questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, finding that inclusive leadership including leader recognized and encourage team members, leaders respect and fair treatment of team members, leaders rational understand and accept the failures of the team members three dimensions. The empirical study found that:(1)Inclusive leadership and psychological capital has significant positive correlation;(2)Three dimensions of inclusive leadership have different impacts on psychological capital, leader recognized and encourage team members has more important influence . Related Articles | Metrics

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Top management team characteristics, manufacturing enterprise service innovation and performance Xiao Ting 2016, 37(11): 142-149.  Abstract ( 787 )   Researches of scholars generally show that the manufacturing enterprises in the process of service innovation will face profit level fluctuations, the so-called “servitization paradox”, which may be derived from the enterprise managers’ strategy cognition differences of service innovation, so managers’ ability of thinking affect the implementation effect of the strategy of enterprise servitization, thus we try to bring enterprise manager factors into the study, analyze the relationship of performance and servitization of the listed manufacturing companies in China during 2007-2013 from the perspective of upper echelon theory, and construct the panel data of enterprise to  inspect the threshold effect, then the empirical research results confirmed the obvious top management team characteristics threshold effect in the enterprise strategy implementation of servitization. Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on patent technology industrialization applicability based on patent function analysis Effect of auditor quality on capital structure 2016, 37(11): 150-158.  Abstract ( 781 )   This research is constructed on the theoretical basis of text mining technology and explores to establish a patent function analysis approach which mainly focuses on the specific Action-Object structure in patent text documents after summarizing research progress in patent text mining home and abroad. This research has realized to identify potential field of patent technology industrialization from patent text documents through defining, extracting and analyzing patent function so that to connect patent with real industry. Importantly, this research presents the S-curve and S-index of patent technology function efficacy and improves the evaluation model of patent technology industrialization applicability by defining the three evaluating indexes which are S-index, Absolute Importance of the Function (AI) and Relative Importance of the Function (RI). Finally, this research takes patents that bear the function of “reduce PM2.5” as an example to verify the feasibility and significance of the approach which helps to identify and evaluate patent technology industrialization by patent function analysis and thus provides a new thinking on the path choice of patent technology industrialization in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Substitute Transaction Cost, Asset Specialty and Agricultural Self-Enforcing Contract 2016, 37(11): 159-166.  Abstract ( 696 )   Abstract: This paper analyzed the condition of agricultural self-enforcing contract，which was based on the substitute transaction cost and asset specialty in the relaxation of the assumption of bilateral monopoly. The higher of substitute transaction cost and the extent of asset specialty, the wider of the self-enforcing contract price interval. The bargaining power was the decreasing function of substitute transaction cost and extent of asset specialty. These conclusions explained the low performance of order agriculture, and provide the theory basis for the development of agricultural industrialization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and evaluation of the system dynamics model of green growth strategy  Qin Xiaonan， Lu Xiaoli 2016, 37(11): 167-176.  Abstract ( 829 )   Abstract: This paper is a research subjects that how to evaluate and analyze the implementation performance of the green growth strategy and employs the system dynamic model to construct a system dynamics model of green growth strategy. This model takes the implementation effort of green growth strategy as control variable, takes the green welfare index as evaluation variables, and then forms an evaluation and simulation platform of green growth strategy armed to analyze the dynamic mechanism between the implementation effort and the implementation performance of the green growth strategy. The research result shows: the actual implementation effort is 0.17 approximately, which reflects the green growth strategy isn`t important strategy in our public strategies; the optimal implementation effort is 0.55; the gap of the implementation effort is 69%. And then, this paper analyzed the difference of the three indexes` evolution curves (the consume index, environmental services index, green welfare index) between in the actual green growth strategy and in the optimal green growth strategy. The result shows: in the optimal green growth strategy, the increase of environment service index is the main pulling power of the green welfare index; the curve of the consumer index is consistence with the curve of the green welfare index; which reflects the optimal green growth strategy should be continuous to improve the quality of the people's lives, and optimize the people's production and living environment. The curves of the three indexes show the gradual convergence trend，which characterizes that the ultimate goal of the optimal green growth strategy is the collaborative optimization and the harmonious development among ecological environment, people's living standard and the green welfare standard. Related Articles | Metrics