Abstract:    Integrated innovation can be explained from two dimensions: subject integration and resource integration. As a typical representative of integrated innovation, new R&D institutions have broken the organizational boundaries of government, industry, university and research institutions, integrated and pooled various essential resources required for innovation, and effectively promoted the technology transfer and business incubation. At present, new R&D institutions have shown a rapid development trend in China, with more than 2000 by April 2020. In order to give full play to the role of new R&D institutions in the high-quality development of China′s economy and society, it is necessary to identify a more effective operation mode of new R&D institutions, from the perspective of number of sponsors, type of sponsors, and the way of resource allocation. However, the impact of integration of innovation subjects and innovation resources on new R&D institutions is not simple and linear, and it has not yet formed a more unified conclusion. Specifically, the existing research has not systematically analyzed the impact of subject integration and resource integration on business incubation of new R&D institutions.Using the survey data of 1458 new R&D institutions in China, this paper made an empirical analysis on the impact of new R&D institutions on business incubation from three dimensions: type of subject integration, intensity of subject integration, and resource integration. The results showed that the new R&D institutions jointly established by the government and academia are the most effective form to promote business incubation, while the effect of other integration types is relatively weak. The impact of the integration intensity on the business incubation of new R&D institutions presents an inverted "U" relationship, that is, exceeding the threshold number of sponsors will inhibit business incubation. Compared with other resources, the integration of capital, technology, talents, fund and other resources has a more effective impact on the business incubation of new R&D institutions. The conclusion further revealed that if the government wants to establish new R&D institutions for the purpose of promoting enterprise incubation and driving regional industrial and economic development, on the one hand, we should vigorously advocate the joint establishment of new R&D institutions by the government and universities or scientific research institutes, while on the other hand, the number of sponsors should be set scientifically and appropriately. In addition, from the perspective of resource allocation, operators of new R&D institutions should pay attention to setting up industrial funds, attracting high-level talents such as doctors, encouraging invention patent applications and winning government financial supports. The main contributions of this paper are threefold: first, this paper has discussed the impact of new R&D institutions on business incubation from the new perspective of "dual integration", and enriched the empirical application of integrated innovation theory in the analysis of new R&D institutions. The research has proposed that the establishment of new R&D institutions is based on breaking the boundaries of multiple innovation entities to achieve cross-border integration, rather than the previous collaborative innovation cooperation mode. Second, the research has enriched the empirical application of resource integration of new R&D institutions, identified the type of resource for business incubation, and put forward suggestions on how to integrate and optimize the allocation of resources of new R&D institutions at the policy level. Third, the research conclusions will have certain policy significance for the policy-makers for the development of new R&D institutions, and also laid a foundation for supporting China′s self-reliance in science and technology.

Key words: new R&D institution, business incubation, type of subject integration, intensity of subject integration, resource integration