The new R&D institution is a new model of collaborative innovation of "government, industry, study, research and implement". It refers to the establishment of one or more entities, diversified models, the operation of an enterprise-oriented mechanism, and market-oriented operations. It is mainly engaged in R&D, incubation and achievement transformation activities. Driven by the government, universities, research institutes and enterprises have actively participated in the establishment of a large number of new R&D institutions. The construction of new R&D institutions, as the basic conditions for carrying out technological innovation and realizing scientific and technological progress, occupies an extremely important position in the construction of the innovation system. It has gradually become a new type of industry-university-research collaborative innovation platform that relies on scientific and technological innovation to transform the economic growth mode and adjust the industrial structure. 
    However, the construction, operation and management of new R&D institutions are mostly at the exploration stage. In the process of construction and development, they still face many problems such as ideology, development orientation, construction mode, and mechanism. The emergence of various problems such as imperfect operating mechanisms, unclear institutional positioning, limited capital investment, unclear division of labor among multiple entities, and inappropriate organizational forms make it difficult for all parties to co-build to realize their original intentions and needs, and the results achieved are not significant. The organization′s operation is blocked and its development is restricted. At present, scholars have studied the influencing factors of new R&D institutions, but few scholars have studied the relationship between various influencing factors, and have not done research on the operation mechanism of the construction and development of new R&D institutions. 
   In this paper, the CNKI search route is set to "theme" as "new research and development institution" or "Industrial Technology Research Institute" or "Industrial Technology Research Institute". The publication time is selected from 2008 to 2019. The main criteria are the amount of data and the number of downloads, and 43 effective literatures are screened. Through reading, the preliminary influencing factors are screened out. Through expert interviews and industry interviews, the factors were summarized, combined, and arranged to extract the final new R&D institution construction and development influencing factors, a total of 18. 
    Based on the Interpretation Structure Model, this paper investigates and interviews the relationships between various influencing factors, summarizes the interview results, and finally forms a two-element adjacency matrix, and calculates the corresponding reachability matrix in Matlab. In this paper, the relationship between reachable set R, antecedent set A, and common set T is collated, and it is concluded that the factors affecting the construction of new R&D institutions are divided into four levels. The influencing factors at the first level are 4 factors: R&D and industrialization sites, R&D equipment, intellectual property protection, technology and management talents. The influencing factors at the second level are 5 factors: the innovation platform construction, the achievement transformation mechanism, the project incubation mechanism, the market-based revenue distribution mechanism, and the risk control mechanism. The influencing factors at the third level are 6 factors: government funding support, organizational system, maturity of scientific and technological achievements, knowledge coordination, policy support, and industrial funds. The influencing factors at the fourth level are 3 factors: regional environment, resource integration and allocation, and construction positioning. 
     Based on the hierarchical relationship structure, this paper sorts out the operation mechanism of the new R&D institution, directly relies on the site, equipment, talents, and intellectual property rights. It builds on the development positioning, regional environment, resource integration, government funding, organizational system, and maturity of results. New R&D institution is supported by risk control mechanism, project incubation mechanism, achievement transformation mechanism, and market revenue distribution mechanism. What′ more, it is supplemented by policy support, industrial funds, knowledge collaboration, and platform construction. The development of the organization depends on the four main bodies of society, government, enterprises and universities. The mutual coordination and information flow of the five are necessary conditions for improving the participation of the main body. Through the main body participation, environmental support, and mechanism support, priority is given to ensuring direct dependence and efforts. Consolidating the foundation for development and strengthening the support and support of mechanisms in parallel can effectively promote the development of new R&D institutions, which is of great strategic significance for the country to implement an innovation-driven development strategy, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and regional economic growth. 
    This paper suggests that new R&D institutions need to improve their ability to integrate resources, clearly define their positioning, promote knowledge coordination, build a modular knowledge system, leverage financial capital, and support the transformation of scientific and technological achievements so that it promotes the construction and development of new R&D institutions much better.