文章以2008-2020年A股上市公司为研究对象, 创新性地构建企业数字创新指数, 实证检验了知识产权法院设立带来的"知识产权司法保护专门化效应"对企业数字创新的影响. 研究发现: 1) 知识产权法院设立对企业数字创新具有显著促进效应; 2) 知识产权法院设立主要促进企业数字商业模式创新; 3) 知识产权法院设立会通过优化数字创新司法环境、 降低数字创新溢出损失及缓解企业外部融资约束等机制促进企业数字创新; 4) 知识产权法院设立对小规模、 非国有及低竞争行业企业数字创新的促进作用更为显著; 5) 知识产权法院设立显著提升了数字创新(尤其是数字商业模式创新)企业的市场价值.

We estimate the effect of minimum wages on low-wage jobs using 138 prominent state-level minimum wage changes between 1979 and 2016 in the United States using a difference-in-differences approach. We first estimate the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment changes by wage bins throughout the hourly wage distribution. We then focus on the bottom part of the wage distribution and compare the number of excess jobs paying at or slightly above the new minimum wage to the missing jobs paying below it to infer the employment effect. We find that the overall number of low-wage jobs remained essentially unchanged over the five years following the increase. At the same time, the direct effect of the minimum wage on average earnings was amplified by modest wage spillovers at the bottom of the wage distribution. Our estimates by detailed demographic groups show that the lack of job loss is not explained by labor-labor substitution at the bottom of the wage distribution. We also find no evidence of disemployment when we consider higher levels of minimum wages. However, we do find some evidence of reduced employment in tradeable sectors. We also show how decomposing the overall employment effect by wage bins allows a transparent way of assessing the plausibility of estimates.