科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 91-100.DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2025.07.009

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

技术竞争压力对企业全要素生产率的影响研究

董礼1,刘俊现2,张鑫1   

  1. 1.华侨大学工商管理学院，福建 泉州362021；
    2.华侨大学经济与金融学院，福建 泉州362021

  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14 修回日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘俊现
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目：“数字金融赋能环保技术创新的动力机制与效应评估”（21BJL083，2021.09—2024.09）；华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目：“投资者情绪对企业绿色创新的影响研究”（23SKBS018，2023.11—2025.11）；华侨大学哲学社会科学青年教师学术成长工程个人项目：“债务期限错配对企业对外直接投资的影响研究”（24SKGC-QG04，2024.05—2027.05）。

Research on the impact of technological competition pressure on firm-level total factor productivity

Dong Li1, Liu Junxian2, Zhang Xin1   

  1. 1. Business School, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China; 
    2. School of Economics and Finance, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China
  • Received:2024-09-14 Revised:2025-04-24 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-14
  • Contact: Jun XianLiu

摘要：     在经济高质量发展阶段，市场竞争已由产品维度深入到技术维度，而技术的独占性、跨产品市场应用性以及不易观测性决定了技术维度竞争与产品维度竞争的差异。企业面临的技术竞争压力能否成为驱动企业高质量发展的动力？为了解开这一疑惑并揭示其内在机制，本文利用企业专利文本信息构建了企业层面的技术竞争压力指标，并基于2010—2021年A股上市公司数据实证检验了企业技术竞争压力如何影响全要素生产率。结果表明，企业技术竞争压力显著提高了全要素生产率，这一结果在经过内生性和稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验表明，技术竞争压力通过研发创新效应和公司治理效应提高了全要素生产率，具体表现为技术竞争压力促使企业增加研发投入、开展高质量创新，降低了企业的代理成本并提高了投资效率特别是抑制了过度投资。进一步分析发现，当机构持股比例和分析师关注度较低、企业性质为非国有时，这种积极影响更加明显，且主要出现在企业生命周期的成熟期和衰退期。因此，来自企业外部的技术竞争压力是一种能够促进企业高质量发展的公司外部治理机制。本文丰富了关于企业竞争特别是技术竞争的经济后果研究，也为后续关于技术竞争的研究提供了方法上的参考。

关键词: 技术竞争, 专利, 全要素生产率, 文本分析

Abstract: In the phase of high-quality economic development, market competition has deepened from the product dimension to the technological dimension. The exclusivity, cross-market applicability, and the difficulty in observing technology determine the differences between competition in the technological and product dimensions. Can the technological competition pressure faced by firms become a driving force for their high-quality development? To address this question and reveal the underlying mechanisms, this paper innovatively constructed a firm-level technological competition pressure indicator using the patent text information and empirically tested the impact of technological competition pressure on total factor productivity (TFP) based on the data from A-share listed companies in China between 2010 and 2021. The results showed that technological competition pressure significantly increases TFP, and this finding remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting robustness checks. The mechanism tests revealed that technological competition pressure enhances TFP through R&D innovation effects and corporate governance effects. Specifically, it drives firms to increase R&D investment, engage in high-quality innovation, reduce agency costs, and improve investment efficiency, particularly by curbing over-investment. Further analyses indicated that the positive effects are more pronounced in firms with lower institutional ownership and analyst coverage, non-state-owned enterprises, and firms in the mature or declining stages of their lifecycle. Therefore, external technological competition pressure serves as an external governance mechanism that promotes high-quality corporate development. This study will enrich the research on the economic consequences of corporate competition, particularly technological competition, and provide methodological insights for future research on technological competition.

Key words:  technological competition, patent, total factor productivity, text analysis